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Merge pull request #100 from adamiturabi/dev
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small fixes
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adamiturabi authored Aug 18, 2024
2 parents 38b37dc + e2055c8 commit 32928e0
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22 changes: 13 additions & 9 deletions docs/Learn-Standard-Arabic.tex
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\makeatother
\subtitle{A self-instruction textbook with grammar, vocabulary, and exercises}
\author{Author Names}
\date{v0.1.0-794-g99b9aea}
\date{v0.1.0-795-g9b3a025}

\begin{document}
\maketitle
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -11154,9 +11154,9 @@ \subsection{\texorpdfstring{\foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ} \emph{ḥat
here, is in the a-state because it is a direct doee of the verb \foreignlanguage{arabic}{أَکَلَ} \enquote{ate}.
The particle
\foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ} \enquote{even},
here, is only a connector between the direct doees in much the same way as \foreignlanguage{arabic}{وَ} \enquote{and} functions. For example,
\foreignlanguage{arabic}{أَکَلْتُ ٱلسَّمَکَةَ وَرَأْسَهَا.}
\enquote{I ate the fish and its head.}
here, is only a connector between the direct doees in much the same way as \foreignlanguage{arabic}{وَ} \enquote{and}.
(\foreignlanguage{arabic}{أَکَلْتُ ٱلسَّمَکَةَ وَرَأْسَهَا.}
\enquote{I ate the fish and its head.})

Consider now yet another variant of this sentence:

Expand All @@ -11180,13 +11180,13 @@ \subsubsection{\texorpdfstring{\foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ} with a f

When the verb following
\foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ}
is used with an expectation or purpose of a future action, then the verb is used as an a-state incomplete-action verb.
signifies the expectation or purpose of a future action, then the verb used is an a-state incomplete-action verb.
This is done in the following two scenarios:

\begin{enumerate}
\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
\item
When \foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ} is used to indicate an extreme point at which the action of the following verb would, or is meant to, occur. For example,
When \foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ} is used to indicate an extreme point at which the action of the following verb would occur, or is meant to occur. For example,

\foreignlanguage{arabic}{قَرَأْتُ ٱلْقُرْآنَ حَتَّىٰ أَخْتِمَهُ.}\\
\enquote{I read the Qurʾān to the point of finishing it.}
Expand All @@ -11197,14 +11197,14 @@ \subsubsection{\texorpdfstring{\foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ} with a f
\foreignlanguage{arabic}{غَضِبَ حَتَّىٰ لَا يَمْلِکَ نَفْسَهُ.}\\
\enquote{He became angry to the point of not controlling himself.}

It is noteworthy that the use of \foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ}, here, implies only that the following action is meant, or at the point of being expected, to occur. It doesn't actually state that the action actually occured, for something may have prevented it from occurring in reality.
It is noteworthy that the use of \foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ}, here, implies only that the following action is meant to occur, or is at the point of being expected to occur. It doesn't actually state that the action will actually occur, for something may prevent it from occurring in reality.

Note, also, that \foreignlanguage{arabic}{لَا} is not attached to \foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ} in \foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ لَا}.

Also, similar to the case of \foreignlanguage{arabic}{کَيْ}, there is an assumed (but mandatorily unexpressed) \foreignlanguage{arabic}{أَنْ} which is the real cause of the following incomplete-action verb being in the a-state.
In fact,
\foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ},
here, can be considered synonymous to \foreignlanguage{arabic}{إِلَىٰ أَنْ} \enquote{to {[}the point{]} that}. So the above two examples can be considered similar in meaning to:
here, can be considered synonymous to \foreignlanguage{arabic}{إِلَىٰ أَنْ} \enquote{to {[}the point{]} that}. So the above examples can be considered similar in meaning to:

\foreignlanguage{arabic}{قَرَأْتُ ٱلْقُرْآنَ إِلَىٰ أَنْ أَخْتِمَهُ.}

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -11239,7 +11239,11 @@ \subsubsection{\texorpdfstring{\foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ} with no
\foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ}
is not used with any expectation or purpose of a future action of the verb following it, then it has no effect on this verb.
(It goes without saying that an implicit \foreignlanguage{arabic}{أَنْ} is not assumed with \foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ} in this case.)
In fact, the following verb may be a completed-action verb. For example:

The verb following
\foreignlanguage{arabic}{حَتَّىٰ}
in this case
may even be a completed-action verb. For example:

\foreignlanguage{arabic}{أَکَلْتُ ٱلطَّعَامَ حَتَّىٰ شَبِعْتُ.}\\
\enquote{I ate the food until I became full.}
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