[AMD] Upgrade AMD CI docker image

[AlexAUT]

As discussed in #5005 this PR just lands the updated docker image and fixes for proton test cases for rocm6.2.

This also switches to ubuntu's default clang toolchain instead of using the one which comes with rocm.

New contributor declaration

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[antiagainst]

Is changes in this file necessary? Can we separate it out to another pull request?

[AlexAUT]

I can separate it into another PR but it needs to be merged first. Without the proton changes the tests will fail when upgrading to rocm 6.2.

[AlexAUT]

I will rebase this branch once #5252 has landed. The commit/changes will then disappear.