NAME

SQL::Maker - Yet another SQL builder

SYNOPSIS

use SQL::Maker;

my $builder = SQL::Maker->new(
    driver => 'SQLite', # or your favorite driver
);

# SELECT
($sql, @binds) = $builder->select($table, \@fields, \%where, \%opt);

# INSERT
($sql, @binds) = $builder->insert($table, \%values, \%opt);

# DELETE
($sql, @binds) = $builder->delete($table, \%where, \%opt);

# UPDATE
($sql, @binds) = $builder->update($table, \%set, \%where);
($sql, @binds) = $builder->update($table, \@set, \%where);

DESCRIPTION

SQL::Maker is yet another SQL builder class. It is based on DBIx::Skinny's SQL generator.

METHODS

• my $builder = SQL::Maker->new(%args);

  Create new instance of SQL::Maker.

  Attributes are the following:

  • driver: Str

    Driver name is required. The driver type is needed to create SQL string.

  • quote_char: Str

    This is the character that a table or column name will be quoted with.

    Default: auto detect from $driver.

  • name_sep: Str

    This is the character that separates a table and column name.

    Default: '.'

  • new_line: Str

    This is the character that separates a part of statements.

    Default: '\n'

  • strict: Bool

    Whether or not the use of unblessed references are prohibited for defining the SQL expressions.

    In strict mode, all the expressions must be declared by using blessed references that export as_sql and bind methods like SQL::QueryMaker. See "STRICT MODE" for detail.

    Default: undef

• my $select = $builder->new_select(%args|\%args);

  Create new instance of SQL::Maker::Select using the settings from $builder.

  This method returns an instance of SQL::Maker::Select.

• my ($sql, @binds) = $builder->select($table|\@tables, \@fields, \%where|\@where|$where, \%opt);

    my ($sql, @binds) = $builder->select('user', ['*'], {name => 'john'}, {order_by => 'user_id DESC'});
    # =>
    #   SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE (`name` = ?) ORDER BY user_id DESC
    #   ['john']
  

  This method returns the SQL string and bind variables for a SELECT statement.

  • $table

  • \@tables

    Table name for the FROM clause as scalar or arrayref. You can specify the instance of SQL::Maker::Select for a sub-query.

    If you are using $opt->{joins} this should be undef since it's passed via the first join.

  • \@fields

    This is a list for retrieving fields from database.

    Each element of the @fields is normally a scalar or a scalar ref containing the column name. If you want to specify an alias of the field, you can use an arrayref containing a pair of column and alias names (e.g. ['foo.id' => 'foo_id']).

  • \%where

  • \@where

  • $where

    where clause from hashref or arrayref via SQL::Maker::Condition, or SQL::Maker::Condition object, or SQL::QueryMaker object.

  • \%opt

    These are the options for the SELECT statement

    • $opt->{prefix}

      This is a prefix for the SELECT statement.

      For example, you can provide the 'SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS '. It's useful for MySQL.

      Default Value: 'SELECT '

    • $opt->{limit}

      This option adds a 'LIMIT $n' clause.

    • $opt->{offset}

      This option adds an 'OFFSET $n' clause.

    • $opt->{order_by}

      This option adds an ORDER BY clause

      You can write it in any of the following forms:

        $builder->select(..., {order_by => 'foo DESC, bar ASC'});
        $builder->select(..., {order_by => ['foo DESC', 'bar ASC']});
        $builder->select(..., {order_by => {foo => 'DESC'}});
        $builder->select(..., {order_by => [{foo => 'DESC'}, {bar => 'ASC'}]});
      

    • $opt->{group_by}

      This option adds a GROUP BY clause

      You can write it in any of the following forms:

        $builder->select(..., {group_by => 'foo DESC, bar ASC'});
        $builder->select(..., {group_by => ['foo DESC', 'bar ASC']});
        $builder->select(..., {group_by => {foo => 'DESC'}});
        $builder->select(..., {group_by => [{foo => 'DESC'}, {bar => 'ASC'}]});
      

    • $opt->{having}

      This option adds a HAVING clause

    • $opt->{for_update}

      This option adds a 'FOR UPDATE" clause.

    • $opt->{joins}

      This option adds a 'JOIN' via SQL::Maker::Select.

      You can write it as follows:

        $builder->select(undef, ..., {joins => [[user => {table => 'group', condition => 'user.gid = group.gid'}], ...]});
      

    • $opt->{index_hint}

      This option adds an INDEX HINT like as 'USE INDEX' clause for MySQL via SQL::Maker::Select.

      You can write it as follows:

        $builder->select(..., { index_hint => 'foo' });
        $builder->select(..., { index_hint => ['foo', 'bar'] });
        $builder->select(..., { index_hint => { list => 'foo' });
        $builder->select(..., { index_hint => { type => 'FORCE', list => ['foo', 'bar'] });
      

• my ($sql, @binds) = $builder->insert($table, \%values|\@values, \%opt);

    my ($sql, @binds) = $builder->insert(user => {name => 'john'});
    # =>
    #    INSERT INTO `user` (`name`) VALUES (?)
    #    ['john']
  

  Generate an INSERT query.

  • $table

    Table name in scalar.

  • \%values

    These are the values for the INSERT statement.

  • \%opt

    These are the options for the INSERT statement

    • $opt->{prefix}

      This is a prefix for the INSERT statement.

      For example, you can provide 'INSERT IGNORE INTO' for MySQL.

      Default Value: 'INSERT INTO'

• my ($sql, @binds) = $builder->delete($table, \%where|\@where|$where, \%opt);

    my ($sql, @binds) = $builder->delete($table, \%where);
    # =>
    #    DELETE FROM `user` WHERE (`name` = ?)
    #    ['john']
  

  Generate a DELETE query.

  • $table

    Table name in scalar.

  • \%where

  • \@where

  • $where

    where clause from hashref or arrayref via SQL::Maker::Condition, or SQL::Maker::Condition object, or SQL::QueryMaker object.

  • \%opt

    These are the options for the DELETE statement

    • $opt->{using}

      This option adds a USING clause. It takes a scalar or an arrayref of table names as argument:

        my ($sql, $binds) = $bulder->delete($table, \%where, { using => 'group' });
        # =>
        #    DELETE FROM `user` USING `group` WHERE (`group`.`name` = ?)
        #    ['doe']
        $bulder->delete(..., { using => ['bar', 'qux'] });
      

• my ($sql, @binds) = $builder->update($table, \%set|@set, \%where|\@where|$where);

  Generate a UPDATE query.

    my ($sql, @binds) = $builder->update('user', ['name' => 'john', email => '[email protected]'], {user_id => 3});
    # =>
    #    'UPDATE `user` SET `name` = ?, `email` = ? WHERE (`user_id` = ?)'
    #    ['john','[email protected]',3]
  

  • $table

    Table name in scalar.

  • \%set

    Setting values.

  • \%where

  • \@where

  • $where

    where clause from a hashref or arrayref via SQL::Maker::Condition, or SQL::Maker::Condition object, or SQL::QueryMaker object.

• $builder->new_condition()

  Create new SQL::Maker::Condition object from $builder settings.

• my ($sql, @binds) = $builder->where(\%where)

• my ($sql, @binds) = $builder->where(\@where)

• my ($sql, @binds) = $builder->where(\@where)

  Where clause from a hashref or arrayref via SQL::Maker::Condition, or SQL::Maker::Condition object, or SQL::QueryMaker object.

PLUGINS

SQL::Maker features a plugin system. Write the code as follows:

package My::SQL::Maker;
use parent qw/SQL::Maker/;
__PACKAGE__->load_plugin('InsertMulti');

STRICT MODE

See http://blog.kazuhooku.com/2014/07/the-json-sql-injection-vulnerability.html for why do we need the strict mode in the first place.

In strict mode, the following parameters must be blessed references implementing as_sql and bind methods if they are NOT simple scalars (i.e. if they are references of any kind).

• Values in $where parameter for select, update, delete methods.
• Values in %values and %set parameter for insert and update methods, respectively.

You can use SQL::QueryMaker objects for those parameters.

Example:

use SQL::QueryMaker qw(sql_in sql_raw);

## NG: Use array-ref for values.
$maker->select("user", ['*'], { name => ["John", "Tom"] });

## OK: Use SQL::QueryMaker
$maker->select("user", ['*'], { name => sql_in(["John", "Tom"]) });

## Also OK: $where parameter itself is a blessed object.
$maker->select("user", ['*'], $maker->new_condition->add(name => sql_in(["John", "Tom"])));
$maker->select("user", ['*'], sql_in(name => ["John", "Tom"]));


## NG: Use scalar-ref for a raw value.
$maker->insert(user => [ name => "John", created_on => \"datetime(now)" ]);

## OK: Use SQL::QueryMaker
$maker->insert(user => [name => "John", created_on => sql_raw("datetime(now)")]);

FAQ

• Why don't you use SQL::Abstract?

  I need a more extensible one.

  So, this module contains SQL::Maker::Select, the extensible SELECT clause object.

AUTHOR

Tokuhiro Matsuno <tokuhirom AAJKLFJEF@ GMAIL COM>

SEE ALSO

SQL::Abstract SQL::QueryMaker

The whole code was taken from DBIx::Skinny by nekokak++.

LICENSE

Copyright (C) Tokuhiro Matsuno

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.