File and dynamic directory storage built on Threads, IPFS, and LibP2P
Join us on our public Slack channel for news, discussions, and status updates. Check out our blog for the latest posts and announcements.
WARNING: This repo is pointing to a feature branch of go-threads that handles identities as Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) and should be considered alpha. The textile repo contains the non-DID-based bucket implementation currently compatible with Textile's public hub. DID-based buckets will be integrated into the hub mid 2021. In the meantime, you can still use this repo for standalone bucket peers.
- Security
- Background
- Install
- Getting Started
- Running Buckets
- Creating a bucket
- Creating a private bucket
- Adding files and folders to a bucket
- Recreating an existing bucket
- Creating a bucket from an existing Cid
- Exploring bucket contents
- Resetting bucket contents
- Watching a bucket for changes
- Protecting a file with a password
- Sharing bucket files and folders
- Multi-writer buckets
- Deleting a bucket
- Using the Local Library
- Developing
- Contributing
- Changelog
- License
Buckets is still under heavy development and no part of it should be used before a thorough review of the underlying code and an understanding APIs and protocols may change rapidly. There may be coding mistakes, and the underlying protocols may contain design flaws. Please let us know immediately if you have discovered a security vulnerability.
Please also read the security note for go-ipfs.
Buckets function a bit like S3 buckets. They're a virtual filesystem where you can push, pull, list, and cat files. You can share them via web links or render the whole thing as a website or web app. They also function a bit like a Git repository. The point of entry is from a folder on your local machine that is synced to a remote.
At a lower level, buckets provide a dynamic wrapper around UnixFS directories with auto-updating IPNS, static website rendering, access control, and encryption. Since buckets are just ThreadDB collection instances (see go-threads), they automatically leverage the distributed nature of ThreadDB by allowing multiple identities to write to the same bucket hosted by different Libp2p hosts.
go get github.com/textileio/go-buckets
- Prebuilt package: See release assets
- Docker image: See the
bucketstag on Docker Hub - Build from the source:
git clone https://github.com/textileio/go-buckets
cd go-buckets
go get ./cmd/buckd
go get github.com/textileio/go-buckets/api/client
- Prebuilt package: See release assets
- Build from the source:
git clone https://github.com/textileio/go-buckets
cd go-buckets
go get ./cmd/buck
import "github.com/textileio/go-buckets/local"
See Using the Local Library for more info.
This section focusses on interacting with buckets using a local daemon and the buck CLI. If your application doesn't require a daemon, you can use the core library directly.
The buckd daemon can be run as a server or alongside desktop apps or command-line tools. The easiest way to run buckd is by using the provided Docker Compose files. If you're new to Docker and/or Docker Compose, get started here. You should have docker-compose in your PATH.
Create an .env file and add the following values:
REPO_PATH=~/myrepo
BUCK_LOG_DEBUG=true
Copy this compose file and run it with the following command.
docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up
Congrats! Now you have Buckets running locally.
The Docker Compose file starts an IPFS node, which is used to pin bucket files and folders. You could point buckd to a different (possibly remote) IPFS node by setting the BUCK_IPFS_MULTIADDR variable to a different multiaddress.
First off, take a look at buck --help.
The Bucket Client.
Manages files and folders in an object storage bucket.
Usage:
buck [command]
Available Commands:
add Add adds a UnixFs DAG locally at path
cat Cat bucket objects at path
decrypt Decrypt bucket objects at path with password
destroy Destroy bucket and all objects
encrypt Encrypt file with a password
help Help about any command
init Initialize a new or existing bucket
links Show links to where this bucket can be accessed
ls List top-level or nested bucket objects
pull Pull bucket object changes
push Push bucket object changes
root Show bucket root CIDs
status Show bucket object changes
watch Watch auto-pushes local changes to the remote
Flags:
--api string API target (default "127.0.0.1:3006")
-h, --help help for buck
Use "buck [command] --help" for more information about a command.
To get started, initialize a new bucket.
mkdir mybucket && cd mybucket
buck init
When prompted, give your bucket a name and either opt-in or decline bucket encyption (see Creating a private bucket for more about bucket encryption).
You should now see two links for the new bucket on the locally running gateway.
> http://127.0.0.1:8000/thread/bafkq3ocmdkrljadlgybtvocytpdw4hbnzygxecxehdp7pfj32lxp34a/buckets/bafzbeifyzfm3kosie25s5qthvvcjrr42ivd7doqhwvu5m4ks7uqv4j5lyi Thread link
> http://127.0.0.1:8000/ipns/bafzbeifyzfm3kosie25s5qthvvcjrr42ivd7doqhwvu5m4ks7uqv4j5lyi IPNS link (propagation can be slow)
> Success! Initialized /path/to/mybucket as a new empty bucket
The first URL is the link to the ThreadDB instance. Internally, a collection named buckets is created. Each new instance in this collection amounts to a new bucket. However, when you visit this link, you'll notice a custom file browser. This is because the gateway considers the built-in buckets collection a special case. You can still view the raw ThreadDB instance by appending ?json=true to the URL.
The second URL is the bucket's unique IPNS address, which is auto-updated when you add, modify, or delete files.
If you have configured the daemon with DNS settings, you will see a third URL that links to the bucket's WWW address, where it is rendered as a static website / client-side application. See buckd --help for more info.
Important: If your bucket is private (encrypted), an access token (JWT) will be appended to these links. This token represents your identity across all buckets and should not be shared without caution.
buck init created a configuration folder in mybucket called .textile. This folder is somewhat like a .git folder, as it contains information about the bucket's remote address and local state.
.textile/config.yml will look something like,
key: bafzbeifyzfm3kosie25s5qthvvcjrr42ivd7doqhwvu5m4ks7uqv4j5lyi
thread: bafkq3ocmdkrljadlgybtvocytpdw4hbnzygxecxehdp7pfj32lxp34a
Where key is the bucket's unique key, and thread is it's ThreadDB ID.
Additionally, .textile/repo contains a repository describing the current file structure, which is used to stage changes against the remote.
Bucket encryption (AES-CTR + AES-512 HMAC) happens entirely within the buckd, meaning your data gets encrypted on the way in, and decrypted on the way out. This type of encryption has two goals:
- Obfuscate bucket data / files (the normal goal of encryption)
- Obfuscate directory structure, which amounts to encrypting IPLD nodes and their links.
As a result of these goals, we refer to encrypted buckets as private buckets. Read more about bucket encryption here.
To create a new private bucket, use the --private flag with buck init or respond y when prompted.
In addition to bucket-level encryption, you can also protect a file with a password.
Bucket files and folders are content-addressed by Cids. Check out the spec if you're unfamiliar with Cids.
buck stages new files as additions:
echo "hello world" > hello.txt
buck status
> new file: hello.txt
buck status is powered by DAG-based diffing. Much like git, this allows buck to only push and pull changes. Read more about bucket diffing in the docs, or check out this in-depth blog post.
Use push to sync the change.
buck push
+ hello.txt: bafkreifjjcie6lypi6ny7amxnfftagclbuxndqonfipmb64f2km2devei4
> bafybeihm4zrnrsdroazwsvk3i65ooqzdftaugdkjiedr6ocq65u3ap4wni
The output shows the Cid of the added file and the bucket's new root Cid.
push will sync all types of file changes: Additions, modifications, and deletions.
It's often useful to recreate a bucket from the remote. This is somewhat like re-cloning a Git repo. This can be done in a different location on the same machine, or, if buckd has a public IP address, from a completely different machine.
Let's recreate the bucket from the previous step in a new directory.
mkdir mybucket2 && cd mybucket2
buck init --existing
The --existing flag allows for interactively selecting an existing bucket to initialize from.
? Which exiting bucket do you want to init from?:
▸ MyBucket bafzbeifyzfm3kosie25s5qthvvcjrr42ivd7doqhwvu5m4ks7uqv4j5lyi
At this point, there's only one bucket to choose from.
> Selected bucket MyBucket
+ hello.txt: bafkreifjjcie6lypi6ny7amxnfftagclbuxndqonfipmb64f2km2devei4
+ .textileseed: bafkreifbdzttoqsch5j66hfmcbsic6qvwrikibgzfbg3tn7rc3j63ukk3u
> Your bucket links:
> http://127.0.0.1:8000/thread/bafkq3ocmdkrljadlgybtvocytpdw4hbnzygxecxehdp7pfj32lxp34a/buckets/bafzbeifyzfm3kosie25s5qthvvcjrr42ivd7doqhwvu5m4ks7uqv4j5lyi Thread link
> http://127.0.0.1:8000/ipns/bafzbeifyzfm3kosie25s5qthvvcjrr42ivd7doqhwvu5m4ks7uqv4j5lyi IPNS link (propagation can be slow)
> Success! Initialized /path/to/mybucket2 from an existing bucket
Just as before, the output shows the bucket's remote links. However, in this case init also pulled down the content.
Note: .textileseed is used to randomize a bucket's top level Cid and cannot be modified.
The --existing flag is really just a helper that sets the --thread and --key flags, which match the config values we saw earlier. We could have used those flags directly to achieve the same result.
buck init --thread bafkq3ocmdkrljadlgybtvocytpdw4hbnzygxecxehdp7pfj32lxp34a --key bafzbeifyzfm3kosie25s5qthvvcjrr42ivd7doqhwvu5m4ks7uqv4j5lyi
Lastly, we could have just copied .textile/config.yml to a new directory and used buck pull to pull down the existing content.
Sometimes it's useful to create a bucket from a UnixFS directory that is already on the IPFS network.
We can simulate this scenario by adding a local folder to IPFS and then using its root Cid to create a bucket with the --cid flag. Here's a local directory.
.
├── a
│ ├── bar.txt
│ ├── foo.txt
│ └── one
│ ├── baz.txt
│ ├── buz.txt
│ └── two
│ ├── boo.txt
│ └── fuz.txt
├── b
│ ├── foo.txt
│ └── one
│ ├── baz.txt
│ ├── muz.txt
│ ├── three
│ │ └── far.txt
│ └── two
│ └── fuz.txt
└── c
├── one.jpg
└── two.jpg
Use the recursvie flag -r with ipfs add.
ipfs add -r .
added QmcDkcMJXZsNnExehsE1Yh6SRWucHa9ruVT82gpL83431W mydir/a/bar.txt
added QmYiUq2U6euWnKag23wFppG12hon4EBDswdoe4MwrKzDBn mydir/a/foo.txt
added QmXrd35ja3kknnmgj5kyDM74jfG8GLJJQGtRpEQpXCLTR3 mydir/a/one/baz.txt
added QmSWJvCzotB3CbdxVu8mBvmLqpSuEQgUoJHTFy1azRfwhT mydir/a/one/buz.txt
added QmT6h1eaBV74Sh75upE7ugFLkBnmyGr3WsQ8w8yx5NjgPV mydir/a/one/two/boo.txt
added QmTdg1b5eWEx4zJtrgvew1inkkZ29fp9mbQ4uHyKurW8Ub mydir/a/one/two/fuz.txt
added QmYiQAk1seXrmuQkpGE83AxJyNZDK1RNSaLyp3Z4r1zsrB mydir/b/foo.txt
added QmXrd35ja3kknnmgj5kyDM74jfG8GLJJQGtRpEQpXCLTR3 mydir/b/one/baz.txt
added QmSWJvCzotB3CbdxVu8mBvmLqpSuEQgUoJHTFy1azRfwhT mydir/b/one/muz.txt
added QmYs12A3CGSTHX4QrsvBe2AvLHEThrapXoTFQpyh8AzpFa mydir/b/one/three/far.txt
added QmTdg1b5eWEx4zJtrgvew1inkkZ29fp9mbQ4uHyKurW8Ub mydir/b/one/two/fuz.txt
added QmaLpwNPwftSQY3w4ZtMfZ8k38D5EgK2bcDuU4UwzREJpi mydir/c/one.jpg
added QmYLiWv2WXQd1m8YyHx4dMoj8B3Kuiuu7pCCoYibkqKyVj mydir/c/two.jpg
added QmT5YXeCfbMuVjanbHjQhECUQSACJLecfmjRBZHvmu5FDU mydir/a/one/two
added QmWh2Wx9Lec4wbEvFbsq4HmYjFmgUFtxNJ8wEVwXjhJ2uk mydir/a/one
added QmSujVHvG8Y3Jv21AbMFNQPphjyqNamh6cvdyXSD1jAtSZ mydir/a
added QmUGSorWDy2JiKYvQuJzEb4TnYDuDNLcdFyR6NhMwnwdvy mydir/b/one/three
added QmWvX7UVexbjXJtxKMyMSgGpPesFQD7teNTqUcDsP2mzW6 mydir/b/one/two
added QmPyMD67EgSZS1WpvgudHkxbA5zgjqmse8srPpFb9sVefT mydir/b/one
added QmQdAtg5NkwkvLtTbka3eci58UGj3m9AehC2sbksGSbjPZ mydir/b
added QmcjtVAF9PQfMKTc57vcvZeBrzww3TLxPcQfUQW7cXXLJL mydir/c
added QmcvkGF2t8Z94UqhdtdFRokGoqypbGyKkzRPVF4owmjVrE mydir
After adding the entire directory, we see the root Cid is QmcvkGF2t8Z94UqhdtdFRokGoqypbGyKkzRPVF4owmjVrE. Let's create the bucket using this Cid.
buck init --cid QmcvkGF2t8Z94UqhdtdFRokGoqypbGyKkzRPVF4owmjVrE
The files behind the Cid will be pulled into the new bucket.
+ a/bar.txt: QmcDkcMJXZsNnExehsE1Yh6SRWucHa9ruVT82gpL83431W
+ a/foo.txt: QmYiUq2U6euWnKag23wFppG12hon4EBDswdoe4MwrKzDBn
+ a/one/two/fuz.txt: QmTdg1b5eWEx4zJtrgvew1inkkZ29fp9mbQ4uHyKurW8Ub
+ a/one/baz.txt: QmXrd35ja3kknnmgj5kyDM74jfG8GLJJQGtRpEQpXCLTR3
+ c/two.jpg: QmYLiWv2WXQd1m8YyHx4dMoj8B3Kuiuu7pCCoYibkqKyVj
+ b/foo.txt: QmYiQAk1seXrmuQkpGE83AxJyNZDK1RNSaLyp3Z4r1zsrB
+ a/one/buz.txt: QmSWJvCzotB3CbdxVu8mBvmLqpSuEQgUoJHTFy1azRfwhT
+ a/one/two/boo.txt: QmT6h1eaBV74Sh75upE7ugFLkBnmyGr3WsQ8w8yx5NjgPV
+ b/one/muz.txt: QmSWJvCzotB3CbdxVu8mBvmLqpSuEQgUoJHTFy1azRfwhT
+ b/one/three/far.txt: QmYs12A3CGSTHX4QrsvBe2AvLHEThrapXoTFQpyh8AzpFa
+ b/one/baz.txt: QmXrd35ja3kknnmgj5kyDM74jfG8GLJJQGtRpEQpXCLTR3
+ b/one/two/fuz.txt: QmTdg1b5eWEx4zJtrgvew1inkkZ29fp9mbQ4uHyKurW8Ub
+ c/one.jpg: QmaLpwNPwftSQY3w4ZtMfZ8k38D5EgK2bcDuU4UwzREJpi
> Your bucket links:
> http://127.0.0.1:8006/thread/bafk3k3itq2rsybcvhf6wuvumruw3j6cw7ixhrtx4ek45qgvp3e7u2xa/buckets/bafzbeiawo6ghgsqjlorii4wghdl4tzz54x2kiwtcgtaq7b3h5gta2yok2i Thread link
> http://127.0.0.1:8006/ipns/bafzbeiawo6ghgsqjlorii4wghdl4tzz54x2kiwtcgtaq7b3h5gta2yok2i IPNS link (propagation can be slow)
> Success! Initialized /path/to/mybucket3 as a new bootstrapped bucket
Currently, UnixFS in go-ipfs uses Cid version 0, which is why we see all these old-style Cids started with Qm. Of course, you can also use UnixFS directories that use Cid version 1.
Similar to initializing a new bucket from an existing Cid, buck add allows you to add and/or merge in an existing UnixFS directory to an existing bucket. Like adding new files locally, this works by pulling down the UnixFS content from the IPFS network into the local bucket. Sync the changes with buck push as normal.
Pulling an existing UnixFS directory into a new or existing private bucket is also possible. Just opt-in to encryption during initialization as normal. buckd will recursively encrypt (without duplicating) the Cid's IPLD file and directory nodes as they are pulled into the new bucket.
Use buck ls [path] to explore bucket contents. Omitting [path] will list the top-level directory.
buck ls
NAME SIZE DIR OBJECTS CID
.textileseed 32 false n/a bafkreiezexkrnk7yew6glm6sulhur66bbecc2aeaitf7uz4ymmp442lepu
a 3726 true 3 QmSujVHvG8Y3Jv21AbMFNQPphjyqNamh6cvdyXSD1jAtSZ
b 3191 true 2 QmQdAtg5NkwkvLtTbka3eci58UGj3m9AehC2sbksGSbjPZ
c 1537626 true 2 QmcjtVAF9PQfMKTc57vcvZeBrzww3TLxPcQfUQW7cXXLJL
Use [path] to drill into directories, e.g.,
buck ls a
NAME SIZE DIR OBJECTS CID
bar.txt 517 false n/a QmcDkcMJXZsNnExehsE1Yh6SRWucHa9ruVT82gpL83431W
foo.txt 557 false n/a QmYiUq2U6euWnKag23wFppG12hon4EBDswdoe4MwrKzDBn
one 2502 true 3 QmWh2Wx9Lec4wbEvFbsq4HmYjFmgUFtxNJ8wEVwXjhJ2uk
buck cat functions a lot like ls, but cats file contents to stdout.
Similar to a git reset --hard, you can use buck pull --hard to discard local changes that have not been pushed.
Continuing with the bucket above, add, modify, and/or delete some files. buck status should show your staged changes.
buck status
> modified: a/bar.txt
> deleted: a/one/baz.txt
> new file: b/one/three/car.txt
> deleted: b/foo.txt
Normally, buck pull will move your local changes to temporary .buckpatch files, apply the remote / upstream changes, then reapply your local changes. However, the --hard flag will prune all local changes, resetting the local bucket contents to match the remote exactly.
buck pull --hard
+ a/one/baz.txt: QmXrd35ja3kknnmgj5kyDM74jfG8GLJJQGtRpEQpXCLTR3
+ b/foo.txt: QmYiQAk1seXrmuQkpGE83AxJyNZDK1RNSaLyp3Z4r1zsrB
+ a/bar.txt: QmcDkcMJXZsNnExehsE1Yh6SRWucHa9ruVT82gpL83431W
- b/one/three/car.txt
> QmTz6HoC18QQqAEtYhfLc4Fse3LPbSCKV8vouvE88MKjFj
Now buck status will report > Everything up-to-date.
Try buck pull --help for more options when pulling the remote.
So far we've seen how a bucket can change locally, but the remote can also change. This could happen for a couple of reasons:
- Changes are pushed from a different bucket copy against the same
buckd. - Changes are pushed from a different
buckdat the ThreadDB layer. This is known as a multi-writer scenario. See Multi-writer buckets for more.
In either case, it is possible to listen for and apply the remote changes using buck watch. This will also watch for local changes and auto-push them to the remote. In this way, multiple copies of the same bucket can be kept in sync.
watch will block until it's cancelled with a Ctrl-C.
buck watch
> Success! Watching /path/to/mybucket for changes...
watch will survive network interruptions, reconnecting when possible.
> Not connected. Trying to connect...
> Not connected. Trying to connect...
> Not connected. Trying to connect...
> Success! Watching /path/to/mybucket for changes...
While watch is active, file and folders dropped into the bucket will be automatically pushed.
Private buckets handle encryption entirely within buckd, but you can use an additional client-side encryption layer with buck encrypt to password protect files. This encryption is also AES-CTR + AES-512 HMAC, which means you can efficiently encrypt large file streams. However, unlike bucket-wide encryption in private buckets, client-side encryption is only available for files, not IPLD directory nodes.
Let's create an encrypted version of the hello.txt file.
buck encrypt hello.txt supersecret > secret.txt
encrypt writes to stdout. So, here we redirect the output to a new file called secret.txt. scrypt is used to derive the AES and HMAC keys from a password. This carries the normal tradeoff: The encryption is only as good as the password. Also, as with all client-side encryption, you must also store or otherwise remember the password!
encrypt only works on local files. You'll have to use push to sync the new file to the remote.
buck push --yes
+ secret.txt: bafkreiayymufgaut3wrfbzfdxiacxn64mxijj54g2osyk7qnco54iftovi
> bafybeidhffwg5ucwktn7iwyvnkhxpz7b2yrh643bo74cjvsbquzpdgpcd4
decrypt, on the other hand, works on remote files. So, after pushing secret.txt, we can decrypt it (if we can remember the password) and write the plaintext to stdout.
buck decrypt secret.txt supersecret
hello world
Looks like it worked!
Bucket contents can be shared with other users using the buck roles command. Each file and folder in a bucket maintains a set of public-key based access roles: None, Reader, Writer, and Admin. Only the Admin role can add and remove files and folders from a shared path. See buck roles grant --help for more about each role.
By default, public buckets have two roles located at the top-level path:
buck roles ls
IDENTITY ROLE
* Reader
bbaareibzpb44ahd7oieqevvlqajidd4jajcvx2vdvti6bpw5wkqolwwerm Admin
> Found 2 access roles
Since access roles are inherited down a bucket path, the single admin role grants the owner full access to all current and future files and folders. The default (*) Read role indicates that the entire bucket is open to the world. This is merely a reflection of the fact that the underlying UnixFS directory behind public (non-encrypted) buckets are discoverable on the IPFS Network.
Private buckets are not open to the world and are created with only the single admin role. However, we can still grant default (*) Read access to individual files, folders, or the entire bucket posteriori.
buck roles grant "*" myfolder
Use the arrow keys to navigate: ↓ ↑ → ←
? Select a role:
None
▸ Reader
Writer
Admin
We can now see a new role added to myfolder.
buck roles ls myfolder
IDENTITY ROLE
* Reader
> Found 1 access roles
Similarly, grant the None role to revoke access.
Multi-writer buckets leverage the distributed nature of ThreadDB by allowing multiple identities to write to the same bucket hosted by different Libp2p hosts. Since buckets are ThreadDB collection instances, this is no different from normal ThreadDB peer collaboration.
Deleting a bucket is easy—and permanent! buck destroy will delete your local bucket as well as the remote, making it unrecoverable with buck init --existing.
The local library powers both the buck CLI. Everything possible in buck, from bucket diffing, pushing, pulling, watching, archiving, etc., is available to you in existing projects by importing the Local Library.
go get github.com/textileio/go-buckets/local
Visit the GoDoc for a complete list of methods and more usage descriptions.
Create a new bucket by constructing a configuration object. Only Path is required.
// Setup the buckets lib
buckets := local.NewBuckets(cmd.NewClients("api.textile.io:443", false), local.DefaultConfConfig())
// Create a new bucket with config
mybuck, err := buckets.NewBucket(context.Background(), local.Config{
Path: "path/to/bucket/folder"
})
// Check current status
diff, err := mybuck.DiffLocal() // diff contains staged changesbuckets.NewBucket will write a local config file and data repo.
See local.WithName, local.WithStrategy, local.WithPrivate, local.WithCid, local.WithInitEvents for more options when creating buckets.
To create a bucket from an existing remote, use its thread ID and instance ID (bucket key) in the config.
GetLocalBucket returns the bucket at path.
mybuck, err := buckets.GetLocalBucket(context.Background(), "path/to/bucket/folder")PushLocal pushes all staged changes to the remote and returns the new local and remote root Cids. These roots will only be different if the bucket is private (the remote is encrypted).
newRoots, err := mybuck.PushLocal()See local.PathOption for more options when pushing.
PullRemote pulls all remote changes locally and returns the new root Cids.
newRoots, err := mybuck.PullRemote()See local.PathOption for more options when pulling.
The easiest way to develop against hubd or buckd is to use the Docker Compose files found in cmd. The -dev flavored files do not persist repos via Docker Volumes, which may be desirable in some cases.
Pull requests and bug reports are very welcome ❤️
This repository falls under the Textile Code of Conduct.
Feel free to get in touch by:
- Opening an issue
- Joining the public Slack channel
- Sending an email to [email protected]
A changelog is published along with each release.