Vagrantfile and Scripts to Automate Kubernetes Setup using Kubeadm [Practice Environment for CKA/CKAD and CKS Exams]

A fully automated setup for CKA, CKAD, and CKS practice labs is tested on the following systems:

• Windows
• Ubuntu Desktop
• Mac Intel-based systems

If you are MAC Silicon user, Please use the following repo.

• Vagrant Kubeadm Setup on MAC Silicon

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Setup Prerequisites

• A working Vagrant setup using Vagrant + VirtualBox

Here is the high level workflow.

Documentation

Current k8s version for CKA, CKAD, and CKS exam: 1.30

The setup is updated with 1.31 cluster version.

Refer to this link for documentation full: https://devopscube.com/kubernetes-cluster-vagrant/

Prerequisites

1. Working Vagrant setup
2. 8 Gig + RAM workstation as the Vms use 3 vCPUS and 4+ GB RAM

For MAC/Linux Users

The latest version of Virtualbox for Mac/Linux can cause issues.

Create/edit the /etc/vbox/networks.conf file and add the following to avoid any network-related issues.

* 0.0.0.0/0 ::/0

or run below commands

sudo mkdir -p /etc/vbox/
echo "* 0.0.0.0/0 ::/0" | sudo tee -a /etc/vbox/networks.conf

So that the host only networks can be in any range, not just 192.168.56.0/21 as described here: https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/vagrant-2-2-18-osx-11-6-cannot-create-private-network/30984/23

Bring Up the Cluster

To provision the cluster, execute the following commands.

git clone https://github.com/scriptcamp/vagrant-kubeadm-kubernetes.git
cd vagrant-kubeadm-kubernetes
vagrant up

Set Kubeconfig file variable

cd vagrant-kubeadm-kubernetes
cd configs
export KUBECONFIG=$(pwd)/config

or you can copy the config file to .kube directory.

cp config ~/.kube/

Install Kubernetes Dashboard

The dashboard is automatically installed by default, but it can be skipped by commenting out the dashboard version in settings.yaml before running vagrant up.

If you skip the dashboard installation, you can deploy it later by enabling it in settings.yaml and running the following:

vagrant ssh -c "/vagrant/scripts/dashboard.sh" controlplane

Kubernetes Dashboard Access

To get the login token, copy it from config/token or run the following command:

kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret/admin-user -o go-template="{{.data.token | base64decode}}"

Make the dashboard accessible:

kubectl proxy

Open the site in your browser:

http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#/login

To shutdown the cluster,

vagrant halt

To restart the cluster,

vagrant up

To destroy the cluster,

vagrant destroy -f

Network graph

                  +-------------------+
                  |    External       |
                  |  Network/Internet |
                  +-------------------+
                           |
                           |
             +-------------+--------------+
             |        Host Machine        |
             |     (Internet Connection)  |
             +-------------+--------------+
                           |
                           | NAT
             +-------------+--------------+
             |    K8s-NATNetwork          |
             |    192.168.99.0/24         |
             +-------------+--------------+
                           |
                           |
             +-------------+--------------+
             |     k8s-Switch (Internal)  |
             |       192.168.99.1/24      |
             +-------------+--------------+
                  |        |        |
                  |        |        |
          +-------+--+ +---+----+ +-+-------+
          |  Master  | | Worker | | Worker  |
          |   Node   | | Node 1 | | Node 2  |
          |192.168.99| |192.168.| |192.168. |
          |   .99    | | 99.81  | | 99.82   |
          +----------+ +--------+ +---------+

This network graph shows:

1. The host machine connected to the external network/internet.
2. The NAT network (K8s-NATNetwork) providing a bridge between the internal network and the external network.
3. The internal Hyper-V switch (k8s-Switch) connecting all the Kubernetes nodes.
4. The master node and two worker nodes, each with their specific IP addresses, all connected to the internal switch.