Backtest trading strategies with Python.
$ pip install backtesting
from backtesting import Backtest, Strategy
from backtesting.lib import crossover
from backtesting.test import SMA, GOOG
class SmaCross(Strategy):
def init(self):
price = self.data.Close
self.ma1 = self.I(SMA, price, 10)
self.ma2 = self.I(SMA, price, 20)
def next(self):
if crossover(self.ma1, self.ma2):
self.buy()
elif crossover(self.ma2, self.ma1):
self.sell()
bt = Backtest(GOOG, SmaCross, commission=.002,
exclusive_orders=True)
stats = bt.run()
bt.plot()Results in:
Start 2004-08-19 00:00:00
End 2013-03-01 00:00:00
Duration 3116 days 00:00:00
Exposure Time [%] 94.27
Equity Final [$] 68935.12
Equity Peak [$] 68991.22
Return [%] 589.35
Buy & Hold Return [%] 703.46
Max. Drawdown [%] -33.08
Avg. Drawdown [%] -5.58
Max. Drawdown Duration 688 days 00:00:00
Avg. Drawdown Duration 41 days 00:00:00
# Trades 93
Win Rate [%] 53.76
Best Trade [%] 57.12
Worst Trade [%] -16.63
Avg. Trade [%] 1.96
Max. Trade Duration 121 days 00:00:00
Avg. Trade Duration 32 days 00:00:00
Profit Factor 2.13
Expectancy [%] 6.91
SQN 1.78
Sharpe Ratio 0.18
Sortino Ratio 0.44
Calmar Ratio 0.06
_strategy SmaCross(n1=10, n2=20)
_equity_curve Equ...
_trades Size EntryB...
Find more usage examples in the documentation.
- Simple, well-documented API
- Blazing fast execution
- Built-in optimizer
- Library of composable base strategies and utilities
- Indicator-library-agnostic
- Supports any financial instrument with candlestick data
- Detailed results
- Interactive visualizations
The thing with backtesting is, unless you dug into the dirty details yourself, you can't rely on execution correctness, and you may lose your house. In addition, everyone has their own preconveived ideas about how a mechanical trading strategy should be conducted, so everyone (and their brothers) just rolls their own backtesting frameworks.
If after reviewing the docs and exmples perchance you find Backtesting.py is not your cup of tea, you can have a look at some similar alternative Python backtesting frameworks:
- bt - a framework based on reusable and flexible blocks of strategy logic that support multiple instruments and output detailed statistics and useful charts.
- vectorbt - a pandas-based library for quickly analyzing trading strategies at scale.
- Backtrader - a pure-python feature-rich framework for backtesting and live algotrading with a few brokers.
- PyAlgoTrade - event-driven algorithmic trading library with focus on backtesting and support for live trading.
- Zipline - the backtesting and live-trading engine powering Quantopian — the community-centered, hosted platform for building and executing strategies.
- Pinkfish - a lightweight backtester for intraday strategies on daily data.
- finmarketpy - a library for analyzing financial market data.
- QuantStart QSTrader - a modular schedule-driven backtesting framework for long-short equities and ETF-based systematic trading strategies.
- pysystemtrade - the open-source version of Robert Carver's backtesting engine that implements systems according to his book Systematic Trading: A unique new method for designing trading and investing systems.
- QTPyLib - a versatile, event-driven algorithmic trading library.
- Gemini - a backtester namely focusing on cryptocurrency markets.
- Quantdom - a Qt-based framework that lets you focus on modeling financial strategies, portfolio management, and analyzing backtests.
- Clairvoyant - software for identifying and monitoring social / historical cues for short-term stock movement.
- optopsy - a nimble backtesting library for options trading.
- RQalpha - a complete solution for programmatic traders from data acquisition, algorithmic trading, backtesting, real-time simulation, live trading to mere data analysis. Documentation in Chinese.
- zvt - a quant trading platform which includes data recorder, factor calculation, stock picking, backtesting, and unified visualization. Documentation in Chinese.
- AwesomeQuant - A somewhat curated list of libraries, packages, and resources for quants.
The following projects are mainly old, stale, incomplete, incompatible, abandoned, and here for posterity reference only:
- AlephNull - extends the features of Zipline, for use within an institutional environment.
- ProfitPy - a set of libraries and tools for the development, testing, and execution of automated stock trading systems.
- prophet - a microframework for financial markets, focusing on modeling strategies and portfolio management.
- pybacktest - a vectorized pandas-based backtesting framework, designed to make backtesting compact, simple and fast.
- quant - a technical analysis tool for trading strategies with a particularily simplistic view of the market.
- QuantSoftware Toolkit - a toolkit by the guys that soon after went to form Lucena Research.
- QuantStart QSForex - an event-driven backtesting and live-trading platform for use in the foreign exchange markets,
- tia: Toolkit for integration and analysis - a toolkit providing Bloomberg data access, PDF generation, technical analysis and backtesting functionality.
- TradingWithPython - boiler-plate code for the (no longer active) course Trading With Python.
- Ultra-Finance - real-time financial data collection, analyzing and backtesting trading strategies.
- visualize-wealth - a library to construct, backtest, analyze, and evaluate portfolios and their benchmarks, with comprehensive documentation illustrating all underlying methodologies and statistics.