Examples: adding random_maze.py

micropython/examples/interstate_75_w/random_maze.py

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+import gc
+import random
+import time
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from interstate75 import DISPLAY_INTERSTATE75_128X128, Interstate75
+from machine import I2C
+from qwstpad import ADDRESSES, QwSTPad
+
+"""
+A single player game demo. Navigate a set of mazes from the start (red) to the goal (green).
+Mazes get bigger / harder with each increase in level.
+Makes use of 1 QwSTPad and a 128x128 LED matrix + i75W.
+
+Controls:
+* U = Move Forward
+* D = Move Backward
+* R = Move Right
+* L = Move left
+* + = Continue (once the current level is complete)
+"""
+
+# General Constants
+I2C_PINS = {"id": 0, "sda": 20, "scl": 21}    # The I2C pins the QwSTPad is connected to
+I2C_ADDRESS = ADDRESSES[0]                  # The I2C address of the connected QwSTPad
+BRIGHTNESS = 1.0                            # The brightness of the LCD backlight (from 0.0 to 1.0)
+
+# Gameplay Constants
+Position = namedtuple("Position", ("x", "y"))
+MIN_MAZE_WIDTH = 2
+MAX_MAZE_WIDTH = 5
+MIN_MAZE_HEIGHT = 2
+MAX_MAZE_HEIGHT = 5
+WALL_SHADOW = 1
+WALL_GAP = 1
+TEXT_SHADOW = 1
+MOVEMENT_SLEEP = 0.1
+DIFFICULT_SCALE = 0.5
+
+# Setup for the display
+i75 = Interstate75(
+    display=DISPLAY_INTERSTATE75_128X128, stb_invert=False, panel_type=Interstate75.PANEL_GENERIC)
+display = i75.display
+
+# Colour Constants
+WHITE = display.create_pen(255, 255, 255)
+BLACK = display.create_pen(0, 0, 0)
+RED = display.create_pen(255, 0, 0)
+GREEN = display.create_pen(0, 255, 0)
+PLAYER = display.create_pen(227, 231, 110)
+WALL = display.create_pen(127, 125, 244)
+BACKGROUND = display.create_pen(60, 57, 169)
+PATH = display.create_pen((227 + 60) // 2, (231 + 57) // 2, (110 + 169) // 2)
+
+# Variables
+i2c = I2C(**I2C_PINS)                           # The I2C instance to pass to the QwSTPad
+complete = False                                # Has the game been completed?
+level = 0                                       # The current "level" the player is on (affects difficulty)
+
+# Get the width and height from the display
+WIDTH, HEIGHT = display.get_bounds()
+
+
+# Classes
+class Cell:
+    def __init__(self, x, y):
+        self.x = x
+        self.y = y
+        self.bottom = True
+        self.right = True
+        self.visited = False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def remove_walls(current, next):
+        dx, dy = current.x - next.x, current.y - next.y
+        if dx == 1:
+            next.right = False
+        if dx == -1:
+            current.right = False
+        if dy == 1:
+            next.bottom = False
+        if dy == -1:
+            current.bottom = False
+
+
+class MazeBuilder:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.width = 0
+        self.height = 0
+        self.cell_grid = []
+        self.maze = []
+
+    def build(self, width, height):
+        if width <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("width out of range. Expected greater than 0")
+
+        if height <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("height out of range. Expected greater than 0")
+
+        self.width = width
+        self.height = height
+
+        # Set the starting cell to the centre
+        cx = (self.width - 1) // 2
+        cy = (self.height - 1) // 2
+
+        gc.collect()
+
+        # Create a grid of cells for building a maze
+        self.cell_grid = [[Cell(x, y) for y in range(self.height)] for x in range(self.width)]
+        cell_stack = []
+
+        # Retrieve the starting cell and mark it as visited
+        current = self.cell_grid[cx][cy]
+        current.visited = True
+
+        # Loop until every cell has been visited
+        while True:
+            next = self.choose_neighbour(current)
+            # Was a valid neighbour found?
+            if next is not None:
+                # Move to the next cell, removing walls in the process
+                next.visited = True
+                cell_stack.append(current)
+                Cell.remove_walls(current, next)
+                current = next
+
+            # No valid neighbour. Backtrack to a previous cell
+            elif len(cell_stack) > 0:
+                current = cell_stack.pop()
+
+            # No previous cells, so exit
+            else:
+                break
+
+        gc.collect()
+
+        # Use the cell grid to create a maze grid of 0's and 1s
+        self.maze = []
+
+        row = [1]
+        for x in range(0, self.width):
+            row.append(1)
+            row.append(1)
+        self.maze.append(row)
+
+        for y in range(0, self.height):
+            row = [1]
+            for x in range(0, self.width):
+                row.append(0)
+                row.append(1 if self.cell_grid[x][y].right else 0)
+            self.maze.append(row)
+
+            row = [1]
+            for x in range(0, self.width):
+                row.append(1 if self.cell_grid[x][y].bottom else 0)
+                row.append(1)
+            self.maze.append(row)
+
+        self.cell_grid.clear()
+        gc.collect()
+
+        self.grid_columns = (self.width * 2 + 1)
+        self.grid_rows = (self.height * 2 + 1)
+
+    def choose_neighbour(self, current):
+        unvisited = []
+        for dx in range(-1, 2, 2):
+            x = current.x + dx
+            if x >= 0 and x < self.width and not self.cell_grid[x][current.y].visited:
+                unvisited.append((x, current.y))
+
+        for dy in range(-1, 2, 2):
+            y = current.y + dy
+            if y >= 0 and y < self.height and not self.cell_grid[current.x][y].visited:
+                unvisited.append((current.x, y))
+
+        if len(unvisited) > 0:
+            x, y = random.choice(unvisited)
+            return self.cell_grid[x][y]
+
+        return None
+
+    def maze_width(self):
+        return (self.width * 2) + 1
+
+    def maze_height(self):
+        return (self.height * 2) + 1
+
+    def draw(self, display):
+        # Draw the maze we have built. Each '1' in the array represents a wall
+        for row in range(self.grid_rows):
+            for col in range(self.grid_columns):
+                # Calculate the screen coordinates
+                x = (col * wall_separation) + offset_x
+                y = (row * wall_separation) + offset_y
+
+                if self.maze[row][col] == 1:
+                    # Draw a wall shadow
+                    display.set_pen(BLACK)
+                    display.rectangle(x + WALL_SHADOW, y + WALL_SHADOW, wall_size, wall_size)
+
+                    # Draw a wall top
+                    display.set_pen(WALL)
+                    display.rectangle(x, y, wall_size, wall_size)
+
+                if self.maze[row][col] == 2:
+                    # Draw the player path
+                    display.set_pen(PATH)
+                    display.rectangle(x, y, wall_size, wall_size)
+
+
+class Player(object):
+    def __init__(self, x, y, colour, pad):
+        self.x = x
+        self.y = y
+        self.colour = colour
+        self.pad = pad
+
+    def position(self, x, y):
+        self.x = x
+        self.y = y
+
+    def update(self, maze):
+        # Read the player's gamepad
+        button = self.pad.read_buttons()
+
+        if button['L'] and maze[self.y][self.x - 1] != 1:
+            self.x -= 1
+            time.sleep(MOVEMENT_SLEEP)
+
+        elif button['R'] and maze[self.y][self.x + 1] != 1:
+            self.x += 1
+            time.sleep(MOVEMENT_SLEEP)
+
+        elif button['U'] and maze[self.y - 1][self.x] != 1:
+            self.y -= 1
+            time.sleep(MOVEMENT_SLEEP)
+
+        elif button['D'] and maze[self.y + 1][self.x] != 1:
+            self.y += 1
+            time.sleep(MOVEMENT_SLEEP)
+
+        maze[self.y][self.x] = 2
+
+    def draw(self, display):
+        display.set_pen(self.colour)
+        display.rectangle(self.x * wall_separation + offset_x,
+                          self.y * wall_separation + offset_y,
+                          wall_size, wall_size)
+
+
+def build_maze():
+    global wall_separation
+    global wall_size
+    global offset_x
+    global offset_y
+    global start
+    global goal
+
+    difficulty = int(level * DIFFICULT_SCALE)
+    width = random.randrange(MIN_MAZE_WIDTH, MAX_MAZE_WIDTH)
+    height = random.randrange(MIN_MAZE_HEIGHT, MAX_MAZE_HEIGHT)
+    builder.build(width + difficulty, height + difficulty)
+
+    wall_separation = min(HEIGHT // builder.grid_rows,
+                          WIDTH // builder.grid_columns)
+    wall_size = wall_separation - WALL_GAP
+
+    offset_x = (WIDTH - (builder.grid_columns * wall_separation) + WALL_GAP) // 2
+    offset_y = (HEIGHT - (builder.grid_rows * wall_separation) + WALL_GAP) // 2
+
+    start = Position(1, builder.grid_rows - 2)
+    goal = Position(builder.grid_columns - 2, 1)
+
+
+# Create the maze builder and build the first maze and put
+builder = MazeBuilder()
+build_maze()
+
+# Create the player object if a QwSTPad is connected
+try:
+    player = Player(*start, PLAYER, QwSTPad(i2c, I2C_ADDRESS))
+except OSError:
+    print("QwSTPad: Not Connected ... Exiting")
+    raise SystemExit
+
+print("QwSTPad: Connected ... Starting")
+
+# Store text strings and calculate centre location
+text_1_string = "Maze Complete!"
+text_1_size = display.measure_text(text_1_string, 1)
+
+text_2_string = "Press + to continue"
+text_2_size = display.measure_text(text_2_string, 1)
+
+text_1_location = ((WIDTH // 2) - (text_1_size // 2), 55)
+text_2_location = ((WIDTH // 2) - (text_2_size // 2), 65)
+
+# Wrap the code in a try block, to catch any exceptions (including KeyboardInterrupt)
+try:
+    # Loop forever
+    while True:
+        if not complete:
+            # Update the player's position in the maze
+            player.update(builder.maze)
+
+            # Check if any player has reached the goal position
+            if player.x == goal.x and player.y == goal.y:
+                complete = True
+        else:
+            # Check for the player wanting to continue
+            if player.pad.read_buttons()['+']:
+                complete = False
+                level += 1
+                build_maze()
+                player.position(*start)
+
+        # Clear the screen to the background colour
+        display.set_pen(BACKGROUND)
+        display.clear()
+
+        # Draw the maze walls
+        builder.draw(display)
+
+        # Draw the start location square
+        display.set_pen(RED)
+        display.rectangle(start.x * wall_separation + offset_x,
+                          start.y * wall_separation + offset_y,
+                          wall_size, wall_size)
+
+        # Draw the goal location square
+        display.set_pen(GREEN)
+        display.rectangle(goal.x * wall_separation + offset_x,
+                          goal.y * wall_separation + offset_y,
+                          wall_size, wall_size)
+
+        # Draw the player
+        player.draw(display)
+
+        # Display the level
+        display.set_pen(BLACK)
+        display.text(f"Lvl: {level}", 2 + TEXT_SHADOW, 2 + TEXT_SHADOW, WIDTH, 1)
+        display.set_pen(WHITE)
+        display.text(f"Lvl: {level}", 2, 2, WIDTH, 1)
+
+        if complete:
+            # Draw banner shadow
+            display.set_pen(BLACK)
+            display.rectangle(4, 44, WIDTH, 50)
+            # Draw banner
+            display.set_pen(PLAYER)
+            display.rectangle(0, 40, WIDTH, 50)
+
+            # Draw text shadow
+            display.set_pen(BLACK)
+            display.text(f"{text_1_string}", text_1_location[0] + TEXT_SHADOW, text_1_location[1] + TEXT_SHADOW, WIDTH, 1)
+            display.text(f"{text_2_string}", text_2_location[0] + TEXT_SHADOW, text_2_location[1] + TEXT_SHADOW, WIDTH, 1)
+
+            # Draw text
+            display.set_pen(WHITE)
+            display.text(f"{text_1_string}", text_1_location[0], text_1_location[1], WIDTH, 1)
+            display.text(f"{text_2_string}", text_2_location[0], text_2_location[1], WIDTH, 1)
+
+        # Finally we update the display with our changes :)
+        i75.update()
+
+# Handle the QwSTPad being disconnected unexpectedly
+except OSError:
+    print("QwSTPad: Disconnected .. Exiting")
+
+# Turn off the LEDs of the connected QwSTPad
+finally:
+    try:
+        player.pad.clear_leds()
+    except OSError:
+        pass