fix: unify cached docker #546

Job	Run time
Build Docker images (amd64)	7m 43s
build / Build and attach .deb and .whl packages (3.12, amd64)	5m 45s
shared / Bandit	34s
shared / Format	29s
shared / Lint	31s
shared / Sort	30s
shared / Unit test for Python 3.10 on ubuntu-22.04	42s
shared / Unit test for Python 3.11 on ubuntu-22.04	42s
shared / Static Code Analysis	2m 34s
shared / Unit test for Python 3.12 on ubuntu-22.04	43s
shared / Unit test for Python 3.13 on ubuntu-22.04	1m 23s
install (ubuntu-20.04)	1m 52s
install (ubuntu-22.04)	1m 50s
E2E tests (amd64)	5m 57s
	31m 15s

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