fix: unify cached docker #534

Job	Run time
Build Docker images (amd64)	7m 40s
shared / Lint	47s
build / Build and attach .deb and .whl packages (3.12, amd64)	7m 40s
shared / Format	31s
shared / Bandit	28s
shared / Sort	31s
shared / Static Code Analysis	2m 37s
shared / Unit test for Python 3.10 on ubuntu-22.04	43s
shared / Unit test for Python 3.11 on ubuntu-22.04	42s
shared / Unit test for Python 3.12 on ubuntu-22.04	39s
shared / Unit test for Python 3.13.0-rc.1 on ubuntu-22.04	1m 16s
E2E tests (amd64)	5m 34s
install (ubuntu-20.04)	1m 51s
install (ubuntu-22.04)	1m 27s
	32m 26s

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