update fix for coverity scan issue 1568450 (#28244)

### Details:
 - *fix below coverity scan issue*

*** CID 1568450: Concurrent data access violations (MISSING_LOCK)
/openvino/src/inference/src/os/lin/lin_system_conf.cpp: 225 in
ov::CPU::CPU()::[lambda() (instance 2)]::operator ()() const()
219 return -1;
220 } else if (valid_cpu_mapping_table.size() == (unsigned)_processors)
{
221 return 0;
222 } else {
223 _processors = valid_cpu_mapping_table.size();
224 _cpu_mapping_table.swap(valid_cpu_mapping_table);

CID 1568450: Concurrent data access violations (MISSING_LOCK)
Accessing "this->this->_proc_type_table" without holding lock
"ov::CPU._cpu_mutex". Elsewhere, "ov::CPU._proc_type_table" is written
to with "CPU._cpu_mutex" held 2 out of 3 times.
225 update_valid_processor_linux(std::move(phy_core_list),
226 _numa_nodes,
227 _cores,
228 _proc_type_table,
229 _cpu_mapping_table);
230 return 0;

### Tickets:
 - *CID 1568450*

src/inference/src/os/lin/lin_system_conf.cpp

@@ -221,14 +221,18 @@ CPU::CPU() {
         } else {
             _processors = valid_cpu_mapping_table.size();
             _cpu_mapping_table.swap(valid_cpu_mapping_table);
+            int cur_numa_nodes = _numa_nodes;
+            int cur_cores = _cores;
             {
                 std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock{_cpu_mutex};
                 update_valid_processor_linux(std::move(phy_core_list),
-                                             _numa_nodes,
-                                             _cores,
+                                             cur_numa_nodes,
+                                             cur_cores,
                                              _proc_type_table,
                                              _cpu_mapping_table);
             }
+            _cores = cur_cores;
+            _numa_nodes = cur_numa_nodes;
             return 0;
         }
     };