build: Upgrade django-stubs even further, to fix mypy

Rather than constraining django-stubs' major version to our django
major version (4.x.x), we are going to go one ahead (5.x.x), as
recommended by python/mypy#17958

Also includes an unrelated common_constraints update.

requirements/constraints.txt

@@ -61,11 +61,13 @@ django-webpack-loader==0.7.0
 djangorestframework<3.15.0
 
 # Date: 2024-07-19
-# Generally speaking, the major version of django-stubs should match the major version of django.
-# Specifically, we need to perpetually constrain django-stubs to a compatible version based on:
+# Generally speaking, the major version of django-stubs must either match the major version
+# of django, or exceed it by 1. So, we will need to perpetually constrain django-stubs and
+# update it as we perform django upgrades. For more details, see:
 # https://github.com/typeddjango/django-stubs?tab=readme-ov-file#version-compatibility
+# including the note on "Partial Support".
 # Issue: https://github.com/openedx/edx-platform/issues/35275
-django-stubs<5
+django-stubs<6
 
 # Date: 2024-07-23
 # django-storages==1.14.4 breaks course imports

requirements/edx/development.txt

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ asgiref==3.8.1
     #   django
     #   django-cors-headers
     #   django-countries
+    #   django-stubs
 asn1crypto==1.5.1
     # via
     #   -r requirements/edx/doc.txt
@@ -577,7 +578,7 @@ django-storages==1.14.3
     #   -r requirements/edx/doc.txt
     #   -r requirements/edx/testing.txt
     #   edxval
-django-stubs==4.2.7
+django-stubs==5.1.1
     # via
     #   -c requirements/edx/../constraints.txt
     #   -r requirements/edx/development.in
@@ -625,7 +626,7 @@ djangorestframework==3.14.0
     #   openedx-learning
     #   ora2
     #   super-csv
-djangorestframework-stubs==3.14.5
+djangorestframework-stubs==3.15.2
     # via -r requirements/edx/development.in
 djangorestframework-xml==2.0.0
     # via
@@ -1293,9 +1294,7 @@ multidict==6.1.0
     #   aiohttp
     #   yarl
 mypy==1.14.1
-    # via
-    #   -c requirements/edx/../constraints.txt
-    #   -r requirements/edx/development.in
+    # via -r requirements/edx/development.in
 mypy-extensions==1.0.0
     # via mypy
 mysqlclient==2.2.6
@@ -2120,8 +2119,6 @@ tqdm==4.67.1
     #   -r requirements/edx/testing.txt
     #   nltk
     #   openai
-types-pytz==2024.2.0.20241221
-    # via django-stubs
 types-pyyaml==6.0.12.20241230
     # via
     #   django-stubs