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# Maxim MAX30102 MicroPython driver

A port of the SparkFun driver for Maxim MAX30102 sensor to MicroPython.

It _should_ work for MAX30105, too. If you have the chance to test this library with a MAX30105, please leave your feedback in the Discussions section.

## Aknowledgements

This work is a lot based on:

- [SparkFun MAX3010x Sensor Library](https://github.com/sparkfun/SparkFun_MAX3010x_Sensor_Library "GitHub | SparkFun MAX3010x Sensor Library")

Written by **Peter Jansen** and **Nathan Seidle** (SparkFun)
This is a library written for the Maxim MAX30105 Optical Smoke Detector
It should also work with the MAX30102. However, the MAX30102 does not have a Green LED.
These sensors use I2C to communicate, as well as a single (optional)
interrupt line that is not currently supported in this driver.
Written by Peter Jansen and Nathan Seidle (SparkFun)
BSD license, all text above must be included in any redistribution.

- [esp32-micropython](https://github.com/kandizzy/esp32-micropython/blob/master/PPG/ppg/MAX30105.py "GitHub | esp32-micropython")

A port of the library to MicroPython by **kandizzy**

## Disclaimer

This work is not intended to be used in professional environments, and there are no guarantees on its functionalities. Please do not rely on it for medical purposes or professional usage.

## Repository organisation

- Driver: `./max30102`
- Example: `./example`
## Usage

## Changelog
- v0.3.4
- The package has been refactored to be compliant to PEP standards.
- v0.3.3
- Made a PyPi package. Now you can install this package with upip.
- Tested with Raspberry Pi Pico and non-genuine sensors.
- v0.3
- Tested with TinyPico board (based on ESP32-D4) and genuine Maxim MAX30102 sensor.
Driver usage is quite straightforward. You just need to import the library, and to set up a `SoftI2C` instance.

A full example is provided in `/example` directory.

## How to import the library and run the example
Important note: the library will load the default TinyPico ESP32 board I2C configuration (SDA Pin 21, SCL Pin 22, 400kHz speed). If you're using a different board, follow the instructions given below, in *Setup and configuration* section.
### 1 - Including this library into your project

### Including this library into your project (**network-enabled MicroPython ports**)
To include the library into a network-enabled MicroPython project, it's sufficient to install the package:
#### 1a - **network-enabled MicroPython ports**
To include the library into a network-enabled MicroPython project, it's sufficient to install the package using `upip`:

```python
import upip
Expand All @@ -57,68 +33,58 @@ Make sure that your firmware runs these lines **after** an Internet connection h

To run the example in `./example` folder, please set your WiFi credentials in `boot.py` and then upload `./example` content into your microcontroller. If you prefer, you can perform a manual install as explained below.

### Including this library into your project (**manual way**)
#### 1b - **manual way** (no Internet access required)

To directly include the library into a MicroPython project, it's sufficient to copy `max30102/circular_buffer.py` and `max30102/max30102.py` next to your `main.py` file, or into a `lib` directory. Then, import the constructor as follows:
To directly include the library into a MicroPython project, it's sufficient to copy `max30102/circular_buffer.py` and `max30102/max30102.py` next to your `main.py` file, into a `lib` directory. Then, import the constructor as follows:

```python
from max30102 import MAX30102
```

To run the example in `./example` folder, copy `max30102/circular_buffer.py` and `max30102/max30102.py` into the `./example/lib` directory. Then, upload the `./example` directory content into your microcontroller.
The content of the board root should appear as follows:
```
/
└── root.py
└── main.py
└── lib
└── circular_buffer.py
└── max30102.py
```
After the upload, press the reset button of your board are you're good to go.
To run the example in `./example` folder, copy `max30102/circular_buffer.py` and `max30102/max30102.py` into the `./example/lib` directory. Then, upload the `./example` directory content into your microcontroller. After the upload, press the reset button of your board are you're good to go.

### Setup and configuration
#### I2C pins

When creating a sensor instance, if you leave the arguments empty, the library will load the default TinyPico ESP32 board I2C configuration (SDA Pin 21, SCL Pin 22, 400kHz speed).
### 2 - I2C setup and sensor configuration

If you have a different board, you can set different I2C pins as shown in the following example:
#### I2C connection

```python
# Default config (ESP32):
sensor = MAX30102()
Create a `SoftI2C` instance as in the following example:

# Alternative:
```python
from machine import SoftI2C, Pin

my_SDA_pin = 21 # I2C SDA pin number here!
my_SCL_pin = 22 # I2C SCL pin number here!
my_i2c_freq = 400000 # I2C frequency (Hz) here!

i2c = SoftI2C(sda=Pin(my_SDA_pin),
scl=Pin(my_SCL_pin),
freq=100000)
sensor = MAX30102(i2cHexAddress = 0x57, i2c = i2cInstance)
freq=my_i2c_freq)

sensor = MAX30102(i2c=i2c)
```

The I2C pin numbers depend on the board that you are using, and how you wired the sensor to it.

#### Sensor setup
Then, the sensor has to be setup. The library provides a method to setup the sensor at once. Leaving the arguments empty, makes the library load their default values.

> Default configuration values:
>
> Led mode: 2 (RED + IR)
>
> ADC range: 16384
>
> Sample rate: 400 Hz
>
> Led power: maximum (50.0mA - Presence detection of ~12 inch)
>
> Averaged samples: 8
The library provides a method to setup the sensor at once. Leaving the arguments empty, makes the library load the default values.

> **Default configuration values:**
>
> pulse width: 411
> _Led mode_: 2 (RED + IR)
> _ADC range_: 16384
> _Sample rate_: 400 Hz
> _Led power_: maximum (50.0mA - Presence detection of ~12 inch)
> _Averaged samples_: 8
> _Pulse width_: 411
```python
# Setup with default values
sensor.setup_sensor()

# Alternative example:
setup_sensor(self, LED_MODE=2, ADC_RANGE=16384, SAMPLE_RATE=400)
setup_sensor(self, led_mode=2, adc_range=16384, sample_rate=400)
```

The library provides the methods to change the configuration parameters one by one, too. Remember that the `setup_sensor()` method has still to be called before modifying the single parameters.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -165,12 +131,14 @@ LED_POWER = MAX30105_PULSEAMP_MEDIUM
sensor.set_active_leds_amplitude(LED_POWER)
```

#### Data acquisition
### 3 - Data acquisition

The sensor will store all the readings into a FIFO register (FIFO_DATA). Based on the number of active LEDs and other configuration paramenters, the sensor instance will read data from that register, putting it into the_storage_. The_storage_ is a circular buffer, that can be read using the provided methods.

The `check()` method polls the sensor to check if new samples are available in the FIFO queue. If data is available, it will be read and put into the _storage_. We can access those samples using the provided methods such as `popRedFromStorage()`.

#### Read data from sensor

As a consequence, this is an example on how the library can be used to read data from the sensor:

```python
Expand All @@ -190,7 +158,7 @@ while (True):
print(red_sample, ",", ir_sample)
```

#### Data acquisition rate
#### Notes on data acquisition rate

Considering the sensor configuration, two main parameters will affect the data throughput of the sensor itself:

Expand All @@ -213,27 +181,27 @@ However, there are some limitations on sensor side and on micropocessor side tha
# (Assuming that the sensor instance has been already set-up)
from utime import ticks_diff, ticks_ms

# Starting time of the acquisition
t_start = ticks_ms()
# Number of samples that has been collected
samples_n = 0

while (True):
sensor.check()

if (sensor.available()):
# Access the storage FIFO and gather the readings (integers)
red_sample = sensor.pop_red_from_storage()
ir_sample = sensor.pop_ir_from_storage()

# We can compute the real frequency at which we receive data
if (compute_frequency):
samples_n = samples_n + 1
if (ticks_diff(ticks_ms(), t_start) > 999):
f_HZ = samples_n / 1
samples_n = 0
t_start = ticks_ms()
print("Acquisition frequency = ", f_HZ)
t_start = ticks_us() # Starting time of the acquisition
samples_n = 0 # Number of samples that have been collected

while True:
sensor.check()
if sensor.available():
red_reading = sensor.pop_red_from_storage()
ir_reading = sensor.pop_ir_from_storage()

# Print the acquired data (so that it can be plotted with a Serial Plotter)
print(red_reading, ",", ir_reading)

# Compute the real frequency at which we receive data (with microsecond precision)
if compute_frequency:
if ticks_diff(ticks_us(), t_start) >= 999999:
f_HZ = samples_n
samples_n = 0
print("acquisition frequency = ", f_HZ)
t_start = ticks_us()
else:
samples_n = samples_n + 1
```

#### Die temperature reading
Expand All @@ -248,23 +216,62 @@ print("Die temperature: ", temperature_C, "°C")

Note: as stated in the [datasheet](https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX30102.pdf), the internal die temperature sensor is intended for calibrating the temperature dependence of the SpO2 subsystem. It has an inherent resolution of 0.0625°C, but be aware that the accuracy is ±1°C.

#### Realtime plot over Serial

The example proposed in this repository ([main.py](../src/main.py)) contains a print statement in this form: `print(red_reading, ",", IR_reading)`. If you open the Arduino IDE, and connect your board to it, then you will be able to open the *serial plotter* (Ctrl+Maiusc+L) and see a real-time plot of your readings (need help? take a look [here](https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/max30105-particle-and-pulse-ox-sensor-hookup-guide/all)).
## Changelog

- v0.3.5
- A `SoftI2C` instance is now required by the constructor.
- The constructor now raises `RuntimeError` when the sensor is not found on I2C bus.
- The example has been updated to intercept the errors thrown by the constructor.
- The example has been updated to estimate real acquisition frequency with a precision of 1 microsecond.
- The readme has been re-organized to improve readability.
- v0.3.4
- The package has been refactored to be compliant to PEP standards.
- v0.3.3
- Made a PyPi package. Now you can install this package with upip.
- Tested with Raspberry Pi Pico and non-genuine sensors.
- v0.3
- Tested with TinyPico board (based on ESP32-D4) and genuine Maxim MAX30102 sensor.


## Aknowledgements

This work is a lot based on:

- [SparkFun MAX3010x Sensor Library](https://github.com/sparkfun/SparkFun_MAX3010x_Sensor_Library "GitHub | SparkFun MAX3010x Sensor Library")

Written by **Peter Jansen** and **Nathan Seidle** (SparkFun)
This is a library written for the Maxim MAX30105 Optical Smoke Detector
It should also work with the MAX30102. However, the MAX30102 does not have a Green LED.
These sensors use I2C to communicate, as well as a single (optional)
interrupt line that is not currently supported in this driver.
Written by Peter Jansen and Nathan Seidle (SparkFun)
BSD license, all text above must be included in any redistribution.

- [esp32-micropython](https://github.com/kandizzy/esp32-micropython/blob/master/PPG/ppg/MAX30105.py "GitHub | esp32-micropython")

A port of the library to MicroPython by **kandizzy**


## Other useful things

### Realtime plot over Serial

The example proposed in this repository ([main.py](./example/main.py)) contains a print statement in a CSV-like format: `print(red_reading, ",", IR_reading)`. If you open Arduino IDE and connect your board, then you will be able to open the *serial plotter* (Ctrl+Maiusc+L) and see a real-time plot of your readings (need some help? take a look [here](https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/max30105-particle-and-pulse-ox-sensor-hookup-guide/all)).

For instance, this is an example of my heartbeat taken on the index finger:

![Serial Plotter picture](./img/arduino-IDE-serial-plotter-heartbeat.png "Serial Plotter picture")

### Tested platforms

The example works well on TinyPico (ESP32-D4 board) running 'tinypico-20210418-v1.15.bin' MicroPython firmware, connected to a genuine Maxim 30102 breakout board ([MAXREFDES117#](https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/design/reference-design-center/system-board/6300.html)).
The library has been tested on TinyPico (ESP32-D4 board) running 'tinypico-20210418-v1.15.bin' MicroPython firmware, connected to a genuine Maxim 30102 breakout board ([MAXREFDES117#](https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/design/reference-design-center/system-board/6300.html)).

Tested ([thanks to ebolisa](https://github.com/n-elia/MAX30102-MicroPython-driver/issues/4)) and working on Raspberry Pi Pico + non-Maxim breakout board.

### Other things that it's worth mentioning

- There is an issue involving chinese clones of the Maxim MAX30102: some of them appear to have the red and IR registers inverted (or maybe the LEDs swapped) (see [here](https://github.com/aromring/MAX30102_by_RF/issues/13)). You can easily check if your sensor is inverted by putting it in LED mode 1: only the red LED should work. If you see the IR LED (use your phone camera to check), then you have to collect IR samples as red ones and viceversa.
### Sensor clones

- The sensor has to be wired to the I2C pins of your board
There is an issue involving chinese clones of the Maxim MAX30102: some of them appear to have the red and IR registers inverted (or maybe the LEDs swapped) (see [here](https://github.com/aromring/MAX30102_by_RF/issues/13)). You can easily check if your sensor is inverted by putting it in LED mode 1: only the red LED should work. If you see the IR LED (use your phone camera to check), then you have to collect IR samples as red ones and viceversa.

- If you're looking for algorithms for extracting heartrate and SPO2 from your RAW data, take a look [here](https://github.com/aromring/MAX30102_by_RF) and [here](https://github.com/kandizzy/esp32-micropython/tree/master/PPG)
### Heartrate and SPO2 estimation
If you're looking for algorithms for extracting heartrate and SPO2 from your RAW data, take a look [here](https://github.com/aromring/MAX30102_by_RF) and [here](https://github.com/kandizzy/esp32-micropython/tree/master/PPG)

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