Adds LSP sample using Rust analyzer (#281)

* Added Rust LSP server example

New_Extensibility_Model/Samples/RustLanguageServerProvider/.vsextension/string-resources.json

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+{
+  "RustLspExtension.RustLanguageServerProvider.DisplayName": "Rust Analyzer LSP server"
+}

New_Extensibility_Model/Samples/RustLanguageServerProvider/README.md

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+---
+title: Rust Language Server Provider Sample Reference
+description: Language server provider that runs the rust analyzer when a matching document is opened. 
+date: 2023-10-31
+---
+
+# Walkthrough: Rust Language Server Provider Sample
+
+This sample creates a Rust Language Server Provider extension that serves intellisense and tooltips when a rust file is opened in Visual Studio.
+
+## Prerequisites
+This sample requires installing [Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install)  and copying [rust-analyzer.exe](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-analyzer) found under releases named "rust-analyzer-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.zip" into the project folder.
+
+## Language Server Provider definition
+
+The extension contains a code file that defines a language server provider and its properties starting with the `VisualStudioContribution` class attribute which makes the server available to Visual Studio:
+
+```csharp
+	[VisualStudioContribution]
+	internal class RustLanguageServerProvider : LanguageServerProvider
+	{
+```
+
+The `LanguageServerProviderConfiguration` property defines information about the server that is available to Visual Studio even before the extension is loaded:
+
+```csharp
+	public override LanguageServerProviderConfiguration LanguageServerProviderConfiguration => new(
+		"%RustLspExtension.RustLanguageServerProvider.DisplayName%",
+		new[] 
+		{ 
+			DocumentFilter.FromDocumentType(RustDocumentType) 
+		});
+```
+
+This configuration object allows setting the display name for the server and specifying one or more document filters. You can also specify a localized string as a display name from [string-resoures.json](./.vsextension/string-resources.json):
+
+```json
+{
+	"RustLspExtension.RustLanguageServerProvider.DisplayName": "Rust Analyzer LSP server"
+}
+```
+
+## Activating the Language Server
+
+Once a document that has a matching document type is opened, Visual Studio calls into `CreateServerConnectionAsync` and requests an `IDuplexPipe` that will be used to communicate with the language server. 
+
+In our sample, the rust-analyzer executable is launched and a duplex pipe is used to communicate with the process.
+
+```csharp
+	public override Task<IDuplexPipe?> CreateServerConnectionAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+	{
+		ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo();
+		info.FileName = Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location)!, @"rust-analyzer.exe");
+		info.RedirectStandardInput = true;
+		info.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
+		info.UseShellExecute = false;
+		info.CreateNoWindow = true;
+
+		Process process = new Process();
+		process.StartInfo = info;
+
+		if (process.Start())
+		{
+			return Task.FromResult<IDuplexPipe?>(new DuplexPipe(
+				PipeReader.Create(process.StandardOutput.BaseStream),
+				PipeWriter.Create(process.StandardInput.BaseStream)));
+		}
+
+		return Task.FromResult<IDuplexPipe?>(null);
+	}
+```
+
+## Disabling the server
+
+`LanguageServerProvider` contains a public Boolean property `Enabled`, which is set to `true` by default. This property defines if Visual Studio should activate your server when a matching document type is opened. When `Enabled` is set to `False`, all currently running servers will be stopped and no new instances will be activated until re-enabled.
+
+## Capturing and handling activation failures
+
+After `CreateServerConnectionAsync` completes, Visual Studio will attempt to initialize the server via the provided duplex pipe following standard LSP protocol. Once this step is done, `OnServerInitializationResultAsync` is called where `ServerInitializationResult` denotes if the server succeeded or failed to initialize, and if it failed `LanguageServerInitializationFailureInfo` will contain the exception and message provided by the language server.
+
+```csharp
+	public override Task OnServerInitializationResultAsync(ServerInitializationResult serverInitializationResult, LanguageServerInitializationFailureInfo? initializationFailureInfo, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+	{
+		if (serverInitializationResult == ServerInitializationResult.Failed)
+		{
+			// Log telemetry for failure and disable the server from being activated again.
+			this.Enabled = false;
+		}
+
+		return base.OnServerInitializationResultAsync(serverInitializationResult, initializationFailureInfo, cancellationToken);
+	}
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+Once deployed, the language server will automatically start once an applicable document type is opened.

New_Extensibility_Model/Samples/RustLanguageServerProvider/RustExtension.cs

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+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+
+namespace RustLanguageServerProviderExtension;
+
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Extensibility;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Extension entry point for the VisualStudio.Extensibility extension.
+/// </summary>
+[VisualStudioContribution]
+internal class RustExtension : Extension
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override ExtensionConfiguration ExtensionConfiguration => new()
+    {
+        Metadata = new(
+                id: "RustLspExtension.003741dc-9931-47c3-ad95-8804705cfbb9",
+                version: this.ExtensionAssemblyVersion,
+                publisherName: "Microsoft",
+                displayName: "RustLspExtension",
+                description: "Rust Language Server Extension"),
+    };
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    protected override void InitializeServices(IServiceCollection serviceCollection)
+    {
+        base.InitializeServices(serviceCollection);
+
+        // You can configure dependency injection here by adding services to the serviceCollection.
+    }
+}

New_Extensibility_Model/Samples/RustLanguageServerProvider/RustLanguageServerProvider.cs

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+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+
+namespace RustLanguageServerProviderExtension;
+
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO.Pipelines;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Extensibility;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Extensibility.Editor;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Extensibility.LanguageServer;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.RpcContracts.LanguageServerProvider;
+using Nerdbank.Streams;
+
+/// <inheritdoc/>
+[VisualStudioContribution]
+internal class RustLanguageServerProvider : LanguageServerProvider
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the document type for rust code files.
+    /// </summary>
+    [VisualStudioContribution]
+    public static DocumentTypeConfiguration RustDocumentType => new("rust")
+    {
+        FileExtensions = new[] { ".rs", ".rust" },
+        BaseDocumentType = LanguageServerBaseDocumentType,
+    };
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override LanguageServerProviderConfiguration LanguageServerProviderConfiguration => new(
+        "%RustLspExtension.RustLanguageServerProvider.DisplayName%",
+        new[]
+        {
+            DocumentFilter.FromDocumentType(RustDocumentType),
+        });
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override Task<IDuplexPipe?> CreateServerConnectionAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        ProcessStartInfo info = new ProcessStartInfo();
+        info.FileName = Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location)!, @"rust-analyzer.exe");
+        info.RedirectStandardInput = true;
+        info.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
+        info.UseShellExecute = false;
+        info.CreateNoWindow = true;
+
+#pragma warning disable CA2000 // The process is disposed after Visual Studio sends the stop command.
+        Process process = new Process();
+#pragma warning restore CA2000 // Dispose objects before losing scope.
+        process.StartInfo = info;
+
+        if (process.Start())
+        {
+            return Task.FromResult<IDuplexPipe?>(new DuplexPipe(
+                PipeReader.Create(process.StandardOutput.BaseStream),
+                PipeWriter.Create(process.StandardInput.BaseStream)));
+        }
+
+        return Task.FromResult<IDuplexPipe?>(null);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc/>
+    public override Task OnServerInitializationResultAsync(ServerInitializationResult serverInitializationResult, LanguageServerInitializationFailureInfo? initializationFailureInfo, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        if (serverInitializationResult == ServerInitializationResult.Failed)
+        {
+            // Log telemetry for failure and disable the server from being activated again.
+            this.Enabled = false;
+        }
+
+        return base.OnServerInitializationResultAsync(serverInitializationResult, initializationFailureInfo, cancellationToken);
+    }
+}

New_Extensibility_Model/Samples/RustLanguageServerProvider/RustLanguageServerProvider.csproj

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+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-windows</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <LangVersion>10</LangVersion>
+    <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);VSEXTAPI0001;</NoWarn>
+
+    <!-- The VisualStudio.Extensibility preview packages are available from the azure-public/vside/msft_consumption feed -->
+    <RestoreAdditionalProjectSources>https://pkgs.dev.azure.com/azure-public/vside/_packaging/msft_consumption/nuget/v3/index.json;$(RestoreAdditionalProjectSources)</RestoreAdditionalProjectSources>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup Condition="Exists('.\rust-analyzer.exe')">
+    <Content Include="rust-analyzer.exe" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Extensibility.Sdk" Version="17.9.42-preview-1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Extensibility.Build" Version="17.9.42-preview-1" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>