Translation

README.md

@@ -1,45 +1,42 @@
-# Website
+# 网站
 
-This website is built using [Docusaurus](https://docusaurus.io/), a modern
-static website generator.
+该网站使用现代静态网站生成器[Docusaurus 3](https://docusaurus.io/)制作。
 
-### Installation
+### 安装
 
 ```
 $ pnpm install
 ```
 
-### Local Development
+### 本地开发
 
 ```
 $ pnpm run start
 ```
 
-This command starts a local development server and opens up a browser window.
-Most changes are reflected live without having to restart the server.
+该命令启动本地开发服务器并打开浏览器窗口。
+大多数更改都是实时反映的，而无需重新启动服务器。
 
-### Build
+### 构建
 
 ```
 $ pnpm build
 ```
 
-This command generates static content into the `build` directory and can be
-served using any static contents hosting service.
+该命令生成静态内容到 `build`目录中，并且可以使用任何静态内容托管服务提供服务。
 
-### Deployment
+### 开发
 
-Using SSH:
+使用SSH:
 
 ```
 $ USE_SSH=true pnpm deploy
 ```
 
-Not using SSH:
+不使用SSH:
 
 ```
 $ GIT_USER=<Your GitHub username> pnpm deploy
 ```
 
-If you are using GitHub pages for hosting, this command is a convenient way to
-build the website and push to the `gh-pages` branch.
+如果您正在使用GitHub Pages进行托管，则此命令是一种方便的方法建立网站并推送到`gh-pages`分支。

docs/architecture/_category_.json

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
-  "label": "Architecture Deep Dive",
+  "label": "架构深入探讨",
   "position": 4,
   "link": {
     "type": "generated-index",
-    "description": "Deep Dive into all the concepts associated with Kakarot zkEVM: from what is a zkEVM to how it works under the hood"
+    "description": "深入探讨与Kakarot zkEVM相关的所有概念：从什么是zkEVM到它在幕后是如何工作的。"
   }
 }

docs/architecture/understanding-kakarot.md

@@ -1,162 +1,93 @@
 ---
-title: Kakarot zkEVM under the hood
+title: Kakarot zkEVM 在幕后运行
 sidebar_position: 2
 ---
 
-## Kakarot, the zkEVM built in Cairo
+## 在Cairo建造的zkEVM Kakarot
 
-Kakarot is a zkEVM built in [Cairo](https://www.cairo-lang.org/), the provable
-language that powers [Starknet](https://starkware.co/starknet/) and all the
-StarknetOS chains (also called CairoVM chains, or Starknet appchains). Kakarot
-is an Ethereum-compatible Layer 2, a
-[so-called zkRollup](https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/scaling/zk-rollups).
-Beyond compatibility, Kakarot strives to push more innovations to the L2 space,
-and to add new features such as native account abstraction to the EVM. Kakarot's
-driving ethos is to _Prove, Scale and Innovate_ 🥕.
+Kakarot 是一个在 [Cairo](https://www.cairo-lang.org/) 中构建的 zkEVM，这是一个可证明的语言，为 [Starknet](https://starkware.co/starknet/) 和所有 StarknetOS 链（也称为 CairoVM 链或 Starknet 应用链）提供支持。Kakarot 是一个与以太坊兼容的 Layer 2，一个所谓的 [zkRollup](https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/scaling/zk-rollups)。除了兼容性外，Kakarot 还致力于向 L2 领域推动更多创新，并添加新功能，如原生账户抽象到 EVM。Kakarot 的主导理念是“证明、扩展和创新” 🥕。
 
-In concrete terms, Kakarot is an Ethereum-compatible zk-Rollup:
 
-- Ethereum-compatible: use Kakarot and Ethereum in the same way.
-- Zero-Knowledge (zk): no compromise on security, maximized integrity derived
-  from maths.
-- Rollup: Enjoy lower costs than on Ethereum mainnet.
+具体而言，Kakarot 是一个与以太坊兼容的 zk-Rollup：
 
-For users:
+- 与以太坊兼容：以与以太坊相同的方式使用 Kakarot 和以太坊。
+- 零知识（zk）：不妥协于安全性，通过数学实现最大化的数据完整性。
+- Rollup：享受比以太坊主网更低的成本。
 
-- For end users, use Kakarot in the same way as Ethereum mainnet: interact with
-  dApps using any EVM wallet, e.g. Metamask or Rabby.
-- For developers and teams, you can build on Kakarot using the Ethereum
-  ecosystem's standard tools: Solidity or Vyper, Foundry, Hardhat, Etherjs etc.
+对于用户：
 
-Discover the Kakarot explorer and other useful links on the
-[survival guide](../survival-guide) page.
+- 对于终端用户，可以像使用以太坊主网一样使用 Kakarot：通过任何 EVM 钱包与 dApp 进行交互，例如 Metamask 或 Rabby。
+- 对于开发者和团队，您可以使用以太坊生态系统的标准工具构建 Kakarot：Solidity 或 Vyper、Foundry、Hardhat、Ether.js 等。
 
-Note: Kakarot is not a privacy chain. Zero-knowledge technologies can be used
-for two (non-excluding) purposes, Scaling or Privacy. Kakarot uses the former to
-scale Ethereum.
+在 [survival guide](../survival-guide) 页面上发现 Kakarot 浏览器和其他有用的链接。
 
-## How does Kakarot work under the hood?
+注意：Kakarot 不是一个隐私链。零知识技术可以用于两种（非排斥）目的，即扩展或隐私。Kakarot 使用前者来扩展以太坊。
 
-### Kakarot is an implementation of the EVM in Cairo
 
-Under the hood, Kakarot zkEVM is a Cairo program that implement the EVM
-instruction set. The EVM is the blueprint, Kakarot implements it in Cairo.
+## Kakarot 在底层是如何工作的？
 
-> Cairo is the first Turing-complete language for creating provable programs for
-> general computation.
+### Kakarot 是在 Cairo 中实现的 EVM
 
-Cairo is like any a programming language, but made for writing provable
-software. It means that whatever is written in Cairo is, by design, _zk_. Using
-Cairo means that we leverage cryptography without having to think about it, it
-sort of "comes for free" just by using this language and not, say, rust.
+在底层，Kakarot zkEVM 是一个实现了 EVM 指令集的 Cairo 程序。EVM 是蓝图，Kakarot 在 Cairo 中实现了它。
+
+> Cairo 是第一个用于创建可证明通用计算程序的图灵完备语言。
+> 通用计算。
+
+Cairo 跟其他任何编程语言都一样，但是专门用于编写可证明的软件。这意味着无论在 Cairo 中写什么，从设计上都是零知识的。使用 Cairo 意味着我们利用了密码学，而无需考虑它，使用这种语言而不是 Rust 等语言，这样的功能“免费”提供了。
 
 ---
 
-Diagram - Kakarot zkEVM high-level architecture:
+图表 - Kakarot zkEVM 的高级架构：
 
 ![Kakarot zkEVM architecture diagram](../../static/diagrams/kakarot_zkevm.png)
 
 ---
 
-Kakarot - the network - is composed of three parts: the Core EVM in Cairo, an
-RPC layer (RPC server and EVM indexer) and an underlying CairoVM client (a
-StarknetOS chain).
+Kakarot - 网络 - 由三个部分组成：Cairo 中的核心 EVM、一个 RPC 层（RPC 服务器和 EVM 索引器）和一个底层 CairoVM 客户端（一个 StarknetOS 链）。
+
+### Kakarot 运行在底层的 StarknetOS 客户端上
 
-### Kakarot runs on an underlying StarknetOS client
+Kakarot 核心 EVM，即前面提到的我们的新 EVM 实现，部署在一个底层的 StarknetOS 链上。这意味着 Kakarot 作为一组 Cairo 智能合约在 CairoVM 驱动的链上运行。这个 CairoVM 链对用户来说是“不可见”的。用户只能通过以太坊兼容的方式通过 RPC 层与 Kakarot 进行交互。在 Kakarot zkEVM 中唯一暴露的接口是以太坊 JSON-RPC 规范。在未来，我们可以利用这一点，允许开发者编写自己的 Cairo 预编译合约，就像 [Arbitrum Stylus](https://arbitrum.io/stylus) 引入了 Rust、C 和 C++ 一样。
 
-The Kakarot core EVM, i.e. as said previously our new EVM implementation, is
-deployed on an underlying StarknetOS chain. This means that Kakarot is running
-as a set of Cairo smart contracts on a CairoVM-powered chain. This CairoVM chain
-is "invisible" to the user. Users only interact with Kakarot through the RPC
-layer in an Ethereum-compatible way. The only exposed interface in Kakarot zkEVM
-is the Ethereum JSON-RPC specification. In the future, we could leverage this to
-allow developers to write their own Cairo-precompiled contracts, as
-[Arbitrum Stylus](https://arbitrum.io/stylus) introduced Rust, C, and C++
-together with the EVM.
 
 ---
 
-Diagram - Kakarot RPC Layer
+图表 - Kakarot RPC 层
 
 ![Kakarot RPC Layer](../../static/diagrams/kakarot_rpc.png)
 
 ---
+Kakarot L2由用Cairo编写的EVM和一个RPC层组成，以允许用户以以太坊格式与之交互。所有Cairo执行跟踪都是可证明的，这使得Kakarot能够批处理区块并使用[Starkware Shared prover](https://starkware.co/tech-stack/)(SHARP)提交证明到L1。由于Cairo是一个充满活力的生态系统，未来将出现其他证明器实现，比如[Stark Platinum Prover](https://github.com/lambdaclass/lambdaworks/tree/main/provers)。这将实现多重证明安全，并增加Kakarot网络的健壮性。
+
+在Kakarot zkEVM中，关于EVM程序及其Cairo等价物的设计选择如下所述。它们可能随着时间的推移而发生架构变化。免责声明：所有这些设计选择对用户都是不可见的：
+
+- 每个EVM智能合约（称为Contract Account）都部署为一个唯一的Starknet智能合约。这个Starknet智能合约存储着自己的字节码和EVM存储槽。
+- 每个EVM用户拥有的账户（称为Externally Owned Account (EOA)）都部署为一个Starknet智能合约钱包。
+  - 它具有一个Starknet格式的地址（31字节的十六进制字符串），该地址与用户EOA EVM地址（20字节的十六进制字符串）唯一映射。对于用户来说，这是不可见的。
+  - 它的ETH（代币与通证）原生余额在Kakarot系统中是以ERC20原生通证的形式计价的。对于用户来说，这是不可见的。
+  - 它的行为完全像一个EOA，使用与以太坊主网相同的签名和验证方案，未来可以扩展支持创新功能！
+- 用户发送的EVM交易被包装在Starknet交易中。衍生的EVM交易哈希与底层Starknet交易哈希一一对应。由于签名验证是在Cairo程序中完成的，因此交易在RPC层被打包（[despite being wrapped at the RPC level](https://github.com/kkrt-labs/kakarot-rpc/blob/bcadfc9b38ac934f73832b3a3485c15f08d66218/src/eth_rpc/servers/eth_rpc.rs#L236)）时仍然可以被证明地进行处理。对于用户来说，这是不可见的。
+- 新的状态根使用Pedersen哈希计算，而不是keccak，因为keccak在零知识友好性方面存在问题。这不会对EVM兼容性产生影响。
+- 状态trie使用Pedersen MPT计算，而不是[Keccak MPT](https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/patricia-merkle-trie)。请注意，交易trie和收据trie都是作为keccak MPT进行计算的，用于区块浏览器，但作为证明承诺的Pedersen MPT进行计算。
+
+总之，任何在Cairo中编写的东西都是可以证明的。Kakarot在Cairo中实现了EVM规范。这是设计上可证明的。所有Cairo的工作都是在幕后完成的。对于用户来说，这是不可见的。他们正在与一个EVM链进行交互。
+
+Kakarot与其他zkEVM的区别
+
+Kakarot zkEVM可能是最高级的zkEVM。在数学语言和多项式到人类可理解的语言之间的尺度上，Kakarot比其他zkEVM更接近于人类可读的语言。这对用户有两方面的影响：
+
+- 由于Kakarot是建立在Cairo之上的，因此Kakarot作为一个代码库非常精简（比其他zkEVM轻一个数量级），因此非常容易维护、适应以太坊的变化或添加新功能（例如本地账户抽象）。
+- Cairo（通过Starknet）是一个充满活力的生态系统，Kakarot可以轻松受益于其所有创新（相同的底层技术栈）。长期的想法可能包括并行执行、seed-less钱包（例如只依赖于面部识别）、Celestia DA集成等。
+
+总之，通过在未来几年押注于CairoVM，Kakarot利用了整个Cairo（因此Starknet）生态系统。Cairo是生产中最先进的高级零知识工具箱，首先是[StarkEx](https://www.theblock.co/post/237064/starkex-layer-2-records-1-trillion-in-on-chain-trading-volume-since-june-2020)，现在是Starknet。
 
-To put it simply, Kakarot L2 is composed of an EVM written in Cairo and an RPC
-layer to allow users to interact with it in an Ethereum format. All Cairo
-execution traces are provable by design, which allows Kakarot to batch blocks
-and submit proofs to L1 using the
-[Starkware Shared prover](https://starkware.co/tech-stack/) (SHARP). Because
-Cairo is a vibrant ecosystem, other prover implementations in the future will
-emerge, such as Lambdaclass'
-[Stark Platinum Prover](https://github.com/lambdaclass/lambdaworks/tree/main/provers).
-This will enable multi-proof security and increase robustness of the Kakarot
-network.
-
-In Kakarot zkEVM, the design choices regarding EVM programs and their Cairo
-equivalents are explained below. They are subject to architecture changes over
-time. **🎙️ Disclaimer 🎙️: all these designs choices are invisible to the user**:
-
-- each EVM smart contract (so-called _Contract Account_) is deployed as a unique
-  Starknet smart contract. This Starknet smart contract stores its own bytecode
-  and EVM storage slots.
-- each EVM user-owned account (so-called _Externally Owned Account (EOA)_) is
-  deployed as a Starknet smart contract wallet.
-  - It has a Starknet formatted address (31 bytes hex string), which is uniquely
-    mapped to the user EOA EVM address (20 bytes hex string). For the user, this
-    is invisible.
-  - Its native balance in ETH (coin vs. token) is denominated in ERC20 native
-    token under the hood in the Kakarot system. For the user, this is invisible.
-  - It behaves exactly like an EOA, uses the same signature and validation
-    scheme as Ethereum mainnet, though it can be extended in the future to
-    support innovative features!
-- EVM transactions that are sent by users are wrapped in Starknet transactions.
-  The derived EVM Transaction hashes are mapped 1-to-1 with underlying Starknet
-  transaction hashes. Since signature verification is done in a Cairo program,
-  transactions are provably processed with integrity
-  [despite being wrapped at the RPC level](https://github.com/kkrt-labs/kakarot-rpc/blob/bcadfc9b38ac934f73832b3a3485c15f08d66218/src/eth_rpc/servers/eth_rpc.rs#L236).
-  For the user, this is invisible.
-- new state roots are computed using Pedersen hash and not keccak because of the
-  zk-unfriendliness of keccak. This does not hurt EVM compatibility at the
-  applicative level.
-- the state trie is computed using Pedersen MPT and not
-  [Keccak MPT](https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/patricia-merkle-trie).
-  Note that the transaction trie and receipt trie are both computed as keccak
-  MPTs, for block explorers, but as pedersen MPTs for the proof commitment.
-
-TL;DR - whatever is written in Cairo can be proven. Kakarot implements the EVM
-specification in Cairo. It is provable by design. All the Cairo magic is done
-under the hood. For the user, this is invisible. They are interacting with an
-EVM chain.
-
-## The difference between Kakarot and other zkEVMs
-
-Kakarot zkEVM is probably the most high-level zkEVM. On the scale of maths
-language and polynomials to human understandable language, Kakarot is closer to
-human readable language than any other zkEVM. This matters to users in two ways:
-
-- Because Kakarot is built on Cairo, Kakarot as a codebase is extremely slim (an
-  order of magnitude lighter than other zkEVMs) and thus extremely easy to
-  maintain, adapt to Ethereum changes, or add new features to (e.g. native
-  account abstraction).
-- Cairo (through Starknet) is a vibrant ecosystem and Kakarot can benefit from
-  all its innovations with ease (same underlying tech stack). Ideas on the long
-  term could include parallel execution, seed-less wallets (e.g. rely on face ID
-  only), Celestia DA integration and more.
-
-TL;DR - By betting on the CairoVM for the years to come, Kakarot leverages the
-entire Cairo (and thus Starknet) ecosystem. Cairo is the most advanced
-high-level zk-toolbox in production, first with
-[StarkEx](https://www.theblock.co/post/237064/starkex-layer-2-records-1-trillion-in-on-chain-trading-volume-since-june-2020)
-and now Starknet.
 
 ---
 
-Diagram - How to build a zkEVM:
+图表 - 如何构建 zkEVM：
 
 ![Different ways to build a zkEVM: low-level circuits or intermediary zkVM](../../static/diagrams/how_to_build_a_zkevm.png)
 
-We believe that in focusing only on engineering, our approach is scalable and
-sustainable.
+我们相信，只专注于工程设计，我们的方法是可扩展和可持续的。
 
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