Merge pull request #23 from YouSchnabel/main

extending neutrino description and adding optional use case

VOHE-Note.bib

@@ -176,6 +176,33 @@ @article{gammapy:2023
     pages = "A157",
 }
 
+@article{doi:10.1126/science.adc9818,
+      author = {IceCube Collaboration*† and R. Abbasi  and M. Ackermann  and J. Adams  and J. A. Aguilar  and M. Ahlers  and M. Ahrens  and J. M. Alameddine  and A. A. Alves  and N. M. Amin  and K. Andeen  and T. Anderson  and G. Anton  and C. Argüelles  and Y. Ashida  and S. Athanasiadou  and S. Axani  and X. Bai  and A. Balagopal V.  and S. W. Barwick  and V. Basu  and S. Baur  and R. Bay  and J. J. Beatty  and K.-H. Becker  and J. Becker Tjus  and J. Beise  and C. Bellenghi  and S. Benda  and S. BenZvi  and D. Berley  and E. Bernardini  and D. Z. Besson  and G. Binder  and D. Bindig  and E. Blaufuss  and S. Blot  and M. Boddenberg  and F. Bontempo  and J. Y. Book  and J. Borowka  and S. Böser  and O. Botner  and J. Böttcher  and E. Bourbeau  and F. Bradascio  and J. Braun  and B. Brinson  and S. Bron  and J. Brostean-Kaiser  and R. T. Burley  and R. S. Busse  and M. A. Campana  and E. G. Carnie-Bronca  and C. Chen  and Z. Chen  and D. Chirkin  and K. Choi  and B. A. Clark  and K. Clark  and L. Classen  and A. Coleman  and G. H. Collin  and A. Connolly  and J. M. Conrad  and P. Coppin  and P. Correa  and D. F. Cowen  and R. Cross  and C. Dappen  and P. Dave  and C. De Clercq  and J. J. DeLaunay  and D. Delgado López  and H. Dembinski  and K. Deoskar  and A. Desai  and P. Desiati  and K. D. de Vries  and G. de Wasseige  and T. DeYoung  and A. Diaz  and J. C. Díaz-Vélez  and M. Dittmer  and H. Dujmovic  and M. Dunkman  and M. A. DuVernois  and T. Ehrhardt  and P. Eller  and R. Engel  and H. Erpenbeck  and J. Evans  and P. A. Evenson  and K. L. Fan  and A. R. Fazely  and A. Fedynitch  and N. Feigl  and S. Fiedlschuster  and A. T. Fienberg  and C. Finley  and L. Fischer  and D. Fox  and A. Franckowiak  and E. Friedman  and A. Fritz  and P. Fürst  and T. K. Gaisser  and J. Gallagher  and E. Ganster  and A. Garcia  and S. Garrappa  and L. Gerhardt  and A. Ghadimi  and C. Glaser  and T. Glauch  and T. Glüsenkamp  and N. Goehlke  and A. Goldschmidt  and J. G. Gonzalez  and S. Goswami  and D. Grant  and T. Grégoire  and S. Griswold  and C. Günther  and P. Gutjahr  and C. Haack  and A. Hallgren  and R. Halliday  and L. Halve  and F. Halzen  and M. Ha Minh  and K. Hanson  and J. Hardin  and A. A. Harnisch  and A. Haungs  and K. Helbing  and F. Henningsen  and E. C. Hettinger  and S. Hickford  and J. Hignight  and C. Hill  and G. C. Hill  and K. D. Hoffman  and K. Hoshina  and W. Hou  and F. Huang  and M. Huber  and T. Huber  and K. Hultqvist  and M. Hünnefeld  and R. Hussain  and K. Hymon  and S. In  and N. Iovine  and A. Ishihara  and M. Jansson  and G. S. Japaridze  and M. Jeong  and M. Jin  and B. J. P. Jones  and D. Kang  and W. Kang  and X. Kang  and A. Kappes  and D. Kappesser  and L. Kardum  and T. Karg  and M. Karl  and A. Karle  and U. Katz  and M. Kauer  and M. Kellermann  and J. L. Kelley  and A. Kheirandish  and K. Kin  and J. Kiryluk  and S. R. Klein  and A. Kochocki  and R. Koirala  and H. Kolanoski  and T. Kontrimas  and L. Köpke  and C. Kopper  and S. Kopper  and D. J. Koskinen  and P. Koundal  and M. Kovacevich  and M. Kowalski  and T. Kozynets  and E. Krupczak  and E. Kun  and N. Kurahashi  and N. Lad  and C. Lagunas Gualda  and J. L. Lanfranchi  and M. J. Larson  and F. Lauber  and J. P. Lazar  and J. W. Lee  and K. Leonard  and A. Leszczyńska  and Y. Li  and M. Lincetto  and Q. R. Liu  and M. Liubarska  and E. Lohfink  and C. J. Lozano Mariscal  and L. Lu  and F. Lucarelli  and A. Ludwig  and W. Luszczak  and Y. Lyu  and W. Y. Ma  and J. Madsen  and K. B. M. Mahn  and Y. Makino  and S. Mancina  and I. C. Mariş  and I. Martinez-Soler  and R. Maruyama  and S. McHale  and T. McElroy  and F. McNally  and J. V. Mead  and K. Meagher  and S. Mechbal  and A. Medina  and M. Meier  and S. Meighen-Berger  and Y. Merckx  and J. Micallef  and D. Mockler  and T. Montaruli  and R. W. Moore  and K. Morik  and R. Morse  and M. Moulai  and T. Mukherjee  and R. Naab  and R. Nagai  and R. Nahnhauer  and U. Naumann  and J. Necker  and L. V. Nguyen  and H. Niederhausen  and M. U. Nisa  and S. C. Nowicki  and D. Nygren  and A. Obertacke Pollmann  and M. Oehler  and B. Oeyen  and A. Olivas  and E. O'Sullivan  and H. Pandya  and D. V. Pankova  and N. Park  and G. K. Parker  and E. N. Paudel  and L. Paul  and C. Pérez de los Heros  and L. Peters  and J. Peterson  and S. Philippen  and S. Pieper  and A. Pizzuto  and M. Plum  and Y. Popovych  and A. Porcelli  and M. Prado Rodriguez  and B. Pries  and G. T. Przybylski  and C. Raab  and J. Rack-Helleis  and A. Raissi  and M. Rameez  and K. Rawlins  and I. C. Rea  and Z. Rechav  and A. Rehman  and P. Reichherzer  and R. Reimann  and G. Renzi  and E. Resconi  and S. Reusch  and W. Rhode  and M. Richman  and B. Riedel  and E. J. Roberts  and S. Robertson  and G. Roellinghoff  and M. Rongen  and C. Rott  and T. Ruhe  and D. Ryckbosch  and D. Rysewyk Cantu  and I. Safa  and J. Saffer  and D. Salazar-Gallegos  and P. Sampathkumar  and S. E. Sanchez Herrera  and A. Sandrock  and M. Santander  and S. Sarkar  and S. Sarkar  and K. Satalecka  and M. Schaufel  and H. Schieler  and S. Schindler  and T. Schmidt  and A. Schneider  and J. Schneider  and F. G. Schröder  and L. Schumacher  and G. Schwefer  and S. Sclafani  and D. Seckel  and S. Seunarine  and A. Sharma  and S. Shefali  and N. Shimizu  and M. Silva  and B. Skrzypek  and B. Smithers  and R. Snihur  and J. Soedingrekso  and A. Sogaard  and D. Soldin  and C. Spannfellner  and G. M. Spiczak  and C. Spiering  and M. Stamatikos  and T. Stanev  and R. Stein  and J. Stettner  and T. Stezelberger  and B. Stokstad  and T. Stürwald  and T. Stuttard  and G. W. Sullivan  and I. Taboada  and S. Ter-Antonyan  and J. Thwaites  and S. Tilav  and F. Tischbein  and K. Tollefson  and C. Tönnis  and S. Toscano  and D. Tosi  and A. Trettin  and M. Tselengidou  and C. F. Tung  and A. Turcati  and R. Turcotte  and C. F. Turley  and J. P. Twagirayezu  and B. Ty  and M. A. Unland Elorrieta  and N. Valtonen-Mattila  and J. Vandenbroucke  and N. van Eijndhoven  and D. Vannerom  and J. van Santen  and J. Veitch-Michaelis  and S. Verpoest  and C. Walck  and W. Wang  and T. B. Watson  and C. Weaver  and P. Weigel  and A. Weindl  and M. J. Weiss  and J. Weldert  and C. Wendt  and J. Werthebach  and M. Weyrauch  and N. Whitehorn  and C. H. Wiebusch  and N. Willey  and D. R. Williams  and M. Wolf  and G. Wrede  and J. Wulff  and X. W. Xu  and J. P. Yanez  and E. Yildizci  and S. Yoshida  and S. Yu  and T. Yuan  and Z. Zhang  and P. Zhelnin },
+      title = {Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane},
+      journal = {Science},
+      volume = {380},
+      number = {6652},
+      pages = {1338-1343},
+      year = {2023},
+      doi = {10.1126/science.adc9818},
+      URL = {https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.adc9818},
+      eprint = {https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.adc9818}
+}
+
+@article{ANTARES2014,
+   title={A search for neutrino emission from the Fermi bubbles with the ANTARES telescope},
+   volume={74},
+   ISSN={1434-6052},
+   url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2701-6},
+   DOI={10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2701-6},
+   number={2},
+   journal={The European Physical Journal C},
+   publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
+   author={Adrián-Martínez, S. and Albert, A. and Al Samarai, I. and André, M. and Anton, G. and Anvar, S. and Ardid, M. and Astraatmadja, T. and Aubert, J.-J. and Baret, B. and Barrios-Martí, J. and Basa, S. and Bertin, V. and Biagi, S. and Bigongiari, C. and Bogazzi, C. and Bouhou, B. and Bouwhuis, M. C. and Brunner, J. and Busto, J. and Capone, A. and Caramete, L. and Cârloganu, C. and Carr, J. and Cecchini, S. and Charif, Z. and Charvis, Ph. and Chiarusi, T. and Circella, M. and Classen, F. and Coniglione, R. and Core, L. and Costantini, H. and Coyle, P. and Creusot, A. and Curtil, C. and De Bonis, G. and Dekeyser, I. and Deschamps, A. and Donzaud, C. and Dornic, D. and Dorosti, Q. and Drouhin, D. and Dumas, A. and Eberl, T. and Emanuele, U. and Enzenhöfer, A. and Ernenwein, J.-P. and Escoffier, S. and Fehn, K. and Fermani, P. and Flaminio, V. and Folger, F. and Fritsch, U. and Fusco, L. A. and Galatà, S. and Gay, P. and Geißelsöder, S. and Geyer, K. and Giacomelli, G. and Giordano, V. and Gleixner, A. and Gómez-González, J. P. and Graf, K. and Guillard, G. and van Haren, H. and Heijboer, A. J. and Hello, Y. and Hernández-Rey, J. J. and Herold, B. and Hößl, J. and Hugon, C. and James, C. W. and de Jong, M. and Kadler, M. and Kalekin, O. and Kappes, A. and Katz, U. and Kooijman, P. and Kouchner, A. and Kreykenbohm, I. and Kulikovskiy, V. and Lahmann, R. and Lambard, E. and Lambard, G. and Larosa, G. and Lattuada, D. and Lefèvre, D. and Leonora, E. and Lo Presti, D. and Loehner, H. and Loucatos, S. and Louis, F. and Mangano, S. and Marcelin, M. and Margiotta, A. and Martínez-Mora, J. A. and Martini, S. and Michael, T. and Montaruli, T. and Morganti, M. and Müller, C. and Neff, M. and Nezri, E. and Palioselitis, D. and Păvălaş, G. E. and Perrina, C. and Popa, V. and Pradier, T. and Racca, C. and Riccobene, G. and Richter, R. and Rivière, C. and Robert, A. and Roensch, K. and Rostovtsev, A. and Samtleben, D. F. E. and Sanguineti, M. and Sapienza, P. and Schmid, J. and Schnabel, J. and Schulte, S. and Schüssler, F. and Seitz, T. and Shanidze, R. and Sieger, C. and Simeone, F. and Spies, A. and Spurio, M. and Steijger, J. J. M. and Stolarczyk, Th. and Sánchez-Losa, A. and Taiuti, M. and Tamburini, C. and Tayalati, Y. and Trovato, A. and Vallage, B. and Vallée, C. and Van Elewyck, V. and Vecchi, M. and Vernin, P. and Visser, E. and Wagner, S. and Wilms, J. and de Wolf, E. and Yatkin, K. and Yepes, H. and Zornoza, J. D. and Zúñiga, J.},
+   year={2014},
+   month=feb
+}
+
 %FF technique
 @article{mattox:1996,
        author = {{Mattox}, J.~R. and {Bertsch}, D.~L. and {Chiang}, J. and {Dingus}, B.~L. and {Digel}, S.~W. and {Esposito}, J.~A. and {Fierro}, J.~M. and {Hartman}, R.~C. and {Hunter}, S.~D. and {Kanbach}, G. and {Kniffen}, D.~A. and {Lin}, Y.~C. and {Macomb}, D.~J. and {Mayer-Hasselwander}, H.~A. and {Michelson}, P.~F. and {von Montigny}, C. and {Mukherjee}, R. and {Nolan}, P.~L. and {Ramanamurthy}, P.~V. and {Schneid}, E. and {Sreekumar}, P. and {Thompson}, D.~J. and {Willis}, T.~D.},
@@ -189,4 +216,5 @@ @article{mattox:1996
           doi = {10.1086/177068},
        adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996ApJ...461..396M},
       adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
-}
+}
+

VOHE-Note.tex

@@ -250,19 +250,20 @@ \subsection{KM3Net and neutrino detection}
 Using Earth as a shield from atmospheric particle interference by searching for upgoing particle tracks in the detectors,
 the measurement of astrophysical neutrinos can be performed almost continuously for a wide field of view that covers the
 full visible sky. For these particle events, extensive Monte Carlo simulations are performed to evaluate the
-statistical significance towards the various theoretical assumptions for galactic or cosmic neutrino signals.
+statistical significance towards the various theoretical assumptions for galactic or cosmic neutrino signals and extensive filtering of the events dominated by the atmospheric particle background by about $1:10^{6}$ is required.
 
 During the construction phase, the KM3NeT collaboration develops its interfaces for open science and builds on the data
 gathered by its predecessor ANTARES, from which neutrino event lists have already been published on the KM3NeT VO server
-as TAP service. However, {\bf reproducibility of the searches for point-like sources -> computation of astrophysical quantities}
-require information derived from  simulations like background estimate, PSF and detector acceptance which require linking
+as TAP service. However, for full reproducibility of searches for point-like astronomical sources as well as wider scientific use of dedicated neutrino selections,
+information derived from simulations like background estimate, PSF and detector acceptance are required and should be linked
 to the actual event list and interpolation for a given observation.
 
 With multiple detectors targeting high-energy neutrinos like IceCube, ANTARES, KM3NeT, Baikal and future projects, the
 chance to detect a significant amount of cosmic and galactic neutrinos increases, requiring an integrated approach to
-link event lists with instrument responses and to correctly interpret observation time and flux expectations.
-
-% mireille : what is specific for the community in terms of data interpretation and computation steps
+link event lists with instrument responses and to correctly interpret observation time and flux expectations. As observations
+generally encompass large continously taken data sets covering a large area of the sky for multiple years, with very low statistical
+expectations for actual neutrino observation, especially correctly interpreting the observation time interval and re-weighting and limiting any probabilistic
+measures to a dedicated study must be facilitated for proper use of neutrino data.
 
 \section{Common practices in the High Energy community}
 \label{sec:vhespec}
@@ -480,6 +481,15 @@ \subsection{UC4: Multi-wavelength and multi-messenger science}
 using X-ray and VHE data \citep{giunti2022}. A proof of concept of joint analysis of VHE gamma-ray and VHE neutrino,
 using simulated data, has been also published \citep{unbehaun2024}.
 
+\subsection{UC5: Extended source searches}
+
+Beyond the multimessenger approach towards a specific source type, an extension of this approach can be seen in the analysis
+of long-term and wide-angle observations for extended sky regions in the multimessenger domain. For these analyses, extensive filtering
+and statistical analyses of the datasets is required. This approach is especially dominant in low-countrate experiments like neutrinos,
+where former analyses included the mapping of neutrino emissions in the galactic plane to gamma-ray emissions \citep{doi:10.1126/science.adc9818}
+or search for neutrino emission from the fermi bubbles with ANTARES data \citep{ANTARES2014}.
+
+
 %
 %\subsection{Examples of multi-wavelength analysis}
 %