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This is the combined Black CappedPRs sfrom Red Hat Summit 2024. This superseeds #873 Co-authored-by: AsierCidon <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: JJ Asghar <[email protected]>
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knowledge/science/animals/birds/black_capped_chickadee/attribution.txt
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Title of work: Black-capped chickadee | ||
Link to work: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-capped_chickadee | ||
Revision: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black-capped_chickadee&oldid=1219937468 | ||
License of the work: CC-BY-SA-4.0 | ||
Creator names: Wikipedia Authors |
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knowledge/science/animals/birds/black_capped_chickadee/qna.yaml
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created_by: juliadenham | ||
version: 3 | ||
domain: animals | ||
seed_examples: | ||
- context: | | ||
The **black-capped chickadee** (***Poecile atricapillus***) is a small, | ||
nonmigratory, North American [passerine](passerine "wikilink") bird that | ||
lives in deciduous and mixed forests. It is a member of the | ||
[Paridae](Paridae "wikilink") [family](family_(biology) "wikilink"), | ||
also known as tits. It has a distinct black cap on its head, a black bib | ||
underneath, and white cheeks. It has a white belly, buff sides, and grey | ||
wings, back, and tail. The bird is well known for its vocalizations, | ||
including its *fee-bee* call and its *chick-a-dee-dee-dee* call, from | ||
which it derives its name. | ||
The black-capped chickadee is widely distributed throughout North | ||
America, ranging from the northern United States to southern Canada and | ||
all the way up to Alaska and [Yukon](Yukon "wikilink"). It feeds | ||
primarily on insects and seeds, and is known for its ability to | ||
[cache](Hoarding_(animal_behavior) "wikilink") food for use during the | ||
winter. The [hippocampus](hippocampus "wikilink") of the black-capped | ||
chickadee grows during the caching season, which is believed to help it | ||
better remember its cache locations. The black-capped chickadee is a | ||
social bird and forms strict [dominance | ||
hierarchies](Dominance_hierarchy "wikilink") within its flock. During | ||
the winter, these flocks include other bird species. It has the ability | ||
to lower its body temperature during cold winter nights, allowing it to | ||
conserve energy. | ||
questions_and_answers: | ||
- question: | | ||
Where do black-capped chickadees live? | ||
answer: | | ||
The black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) is a small, | ||
nonmigratory, North American passerine bird that lives in deciduous | ||
and mixed forests. | ||
- question: | | ||
What sound does a black-capped chickadee make? | ||
answer: | | ||
The black-capped chickadee is well known for its vocalizations, | ||
including its fee-bee call and its chick-a-dee-dee-dee call, from | ||
which it derives its name. | ||
- question: | | ||
What does a black-capped chickadee eat? | ||
answer: | | ||
Black-capped chickadees feed primarily on insects and seeds, and is | ||
known for its ability to cache food for use during the winter. | ||
- context: | | ||
The black-capped chickadee has a black cap and "bib" with white cheeks. | ||
Its underparts are white with buff-colored flanks. Its back is | ||
unstreaked and greenish gray, and the tail and wings are slate gray. It | ||
has a black [beak](beak "wikilink") and legs, and dark brown | ||
[irises](iris_(anatomy) "wikilink"). Males and females are generally | ||
similar, although males have a larger bib. They can also be | ||
distinguished based on a combination of weight and tail length. | ||
[Tarsus](Bird_feet_and_legs "wikilink") length does not significantly | ||
differentiate sexes. Males have a wing length of 63.5–67.5 mm (2.50–2.66 in), | ||
a tail length of 58–63 mm (2.3–2.5 in), a bill length of 8–9.5 mm (0.31–0.37 in), | ||
and a tarsus length of 16–17 mm (0.63–0.67 in). Females are on average slightly | ||
smaller, with a wing length of 60.5–66.5 mm (2.38–2.62 in), a tail length of | ||
56.3–63 mm (2.22–2.48 in), a bill length of 9–9.5 mm (0.35–0.37 in), and a | ||
tarsus length of 16–17 mm (0.63–0.67 in). Both sexes weigh 10–14 g (0.35–0.49 oz). | ||
Juveniles are visually similar to adults but with fluffier plumage. | ||
questions_and_answers: | ||
- question: | | ||
What color cheeks does the black capped chickadee have? | ||
answer: | | ||
The black-capped chickadee has a black cap and "bib" with white | ||
cheeks. | ||
- question: | | ||
Do male black capped chickadees have a larger bib than the females? | ||
answer: | | ||
Yes, males and females are generally similar, although males have a | ||
larger bib. | ||
- question: | | ||
How can you tell that a black capped chickadee is a juvenile? | ||
answer: | | ||
Juveniles are visually similar to adults but with fluffier plumage. | ||
- context: | | ||
One of the most recognizable sounds produced, particularly by the males, | ||
is the two-note *fee-bee* song. It is a simple, clear whistle of two | ||
notes, identical in rhythm, the first roughly a | ||
[whole-step](Major_second "wikilink") above the second. The | ||
frequency of their songs will typically start around | ||
400 [Hz](Hertz "wikilink"), and various tones spanning roughly 1 kHz | ||
will be sung within the song. A decrease of roughly 200 Hz occurs when | ||
the first note (*fee*) is sung, and then another decrease around 400 Hz | ||
takes place between the end of *fee* and the beginning of *bee*. In | ||
spite of these multiple changes in frequency, though, anybody listening | ||
to the song only hears a pure, high-frequency tone. This is | ||
distinguished from the Carolina chickadee's four-note call *fee-bee | ||
fee-bay*; the lower notes are nearly identical but the higher *fee* | ||
notes are omitted, making the black-capped song like *bee bay*. The | ||
males sing the song only in relative isolation from other chickadees | ||
(including their mates). In late summer, some young birds sing only a | ||
single note. | ||
questions_and_answers: | ||
- question: | | ||
What is the black-capped chickadee's fee-bee song? | ||
answer: | | ||
It is a simple, clear whistle of two notes, identical in rhythm, | ||
the first roughly a whole-step above the second. | ||
- question: | | ||
What is the frequency of the black-capped chickadee's fee-bee | ||
song? | ||
answer: | | ||
The frequency of their songs will typically start around 400 Hz, | ||
and various tones spanning roughly 1 kHz will be sung within the | ||
song. A decrease of roughly 200 Hz occurs when the first note (fee) | ||
is sung, and then another decrease around 400 Hz takes place between | ||
the end of fee and the beginning of bee. | ||
- question: | | ||
Do male black-capped chickadees sing their fee-bee song with other | ||
chickadees around? | ||
answer: | | ||
No, the males sing the song only in relative isolation from other | ||
chickadees (including their mates). | ||
- context: | | ||
Insects (especially caterpillars) form a large part of their diet in | ||
summer. The birds hop along tree branches searching for food, sometimes | ||
hanging upside down or hovering; they may make short flights to catch | ||
insects in the air. Seeds and berries become more important in winter, | ||
though insect eggs and pupae are eaten when available. Black-capped | ||
chickadees have also been known to eat the fat off of dead mammals. | ||
Sunflower seeds are readily taken from bird feeders. The birds take a | ||
seed in their beak and commonly fly from the feeder to a tree, where | ||
they proceed to hammer the seed on a branch to open it. | ||
Like many other species in the family Paridae, black-capped chickadees | ||
commonly [cache](Hoarding_(animal_behavior) "wikilink") food, mostly | ||
seeds, but sometimes insects, also. Items are stored singly in | ||
various sites such as bark, dead leaves, clusters of conifer needles, or | ||
knothole. Memory for the location of caches can last up to 28 days. | ||
Within the first 24 hours, the birds can even remember the relative | ||
quality of the stored items. | ||
questions_and_answers: | ||
- question: What do black-capped chickadees eat? | ||
answer: | | ||
Insects (especially caterpillars) form a large part of their diet | ||
in summer. Seeds and berries become more important in winter, | ||
though insect eggs and pupae are eaten when available. | ||
- question: How do black-capped chickadees eat seeds? | ||
answer: | | ||
Black-capped chickadees take a seed in their beak and commonly | ||
fly from the feeder to a tree, where they proceed to hammer the | ||
seed on a branch to open it. | ||
- question: | | ||
How long can black-capped chickadees remember where they cached | ||
their food? | ||
answer: | | ||
Memory for the location of caches can last up to 28 days. | ||
- context: | | ||
Black-capped chickadees are primarily subject to predation by [birds of | ||
prey](birds_of_prey "wikilink"), including owls, hawks, and shrikes. | ||
Nest-predation also occurs, primarily by raccoons, squirrels, opossums, | ||
and snakes. Nest sites are also sometimes raided by [house | ||
wrens](house_wren "wikilink"), who will destroy chickadee eggs in order | ||
to reuse the location for their nest. | ||
Like many birds, black-capped chickadees are susceptible to [West Nile | ||
Virus](West_Nile_Virus "wikilink"). They are also known to be affected | ||
by blood parasites, including those that cause | ||
[malaria](malaria "wikilink"), but particularly high rates of infection | ||
have not been detected. Black-capped chickadees are also known to | ||
be affected by [avian keratin | ||
disorder](avian_keratin_disorder "wikilink"). | ||
questions_and_answers: | ||
- question: | | ||
What birds of prey eat black-capped chickadees? | ||
answer: | | ||
Black-capped chickadees are primarily subject to predation by birds | ||
of prey, including owls, hawks, and shrikes. | ||
- question: | | ||
What is a big danger to black-capped chickadee nests? | ||
answer: | | ||
Nest sites are also sometimes raided by house wrens, who will | ||
destroy chickadee eggs in order to reuse the location for their nest. | ||
- question: | | ||
Do black-capped chickadees carry the West Nile virus? | ||
answer: | | ||
Like many birds, black-capped chickadees are susceptible to West | ||
Nile Virus. | ||
document_outline: | | ||
Information about the black capped chickadee including distribution, appearance, | ||
vocalization, diet, and predators. | ||
document: | ||
repo: https://github.com/juliadenham/Summit_knowledge | ||
commit: 5f7158a5ce83c4ff493bfe341fe31ecad64ff697 | ||
patterns: | ||
- chickadee.md |