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```{note} | ||
Przykłądem bazy ortonormalnej jest baza kanoniczna w $\mathbb{R}^3$. | ||
``` | ||
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Aby wyliczyć współrzędne wektora w bazie ortogonalnej?: | ||
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$$ | ||
\alpha_a = \frac{\left<v, b_1\right>}{||b_1||^2} | ||
$$ | ||
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```{note} | ||
$\left<v, b_1\right>$ to $||v_{b_1}|| * ||b_1|$ po podzieleniu zostaje | ||
$\frac{||v_{b_1}||}{||b_1||}$ | ||
gdzie $v_{B_1}$ to długość rzutu $v$ na $b_k$ | ||
``` | ||
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### Metoda ortogonalizacji Gramma-Schmidta | ||
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Jeżeli istnieje basa generujaca jakąś podprzestrzeń to istnieje | ||
też inna **ortogonalna** baza która generuje tą podprzestrzeń. | ||
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0. najpierw warto sprawdzić, czy zadana baza nie jest już przypadkiem ortogonalna ;-) | ||
1. $c_1 = b_1$ | ||
2. aby $c_2$ generował tą samą przestrzeć co $lin\left\{c_1, b_2\right\}$ musi on być kombinacją liniową tych wektorów $c_2 = b_2 + \alpha c_1$. | ||
3. to samo należy zrobić dla 3 wektora. Również $c_2 = \left<c_2, b_2\right> = 0$ | ||
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### Rzut Ortogonalny | ||
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```{tip} | ||
również znany jako rzut prostokątny w $\mathbb{r}^2$ | ||
``` |
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## Przestrzenie unitarne | ||
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```{admonition} Macierze ortogonalne | ||
TO takie macierze, które $A^T * A = I$. | ||
::::{note} | ||
$$ | ||
detA \neq \left( \land detA^2 = 1 \Rightarrow detA = 1 \lor detA = -1 \right) | ||
$$ | ||
::: | ||
``` | ||
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```{tip} | ||
Jeżeli macierze A i B są ortogonalne, wtedy $A * B$ też jest ortogonalna. | ||
``` | ||
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```{admonition} Izometrie liniowe | ||
to przekształcenia któ©e nie zmieniają odległości między wektorami. | ||
``` |
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<!--This file is auto-generated by Makefile | ||
----DO NOT EDIT --> | ||
--- | ||
_Notatki z pliku `notes/mechanika_cw/mechanika_cw_2024.01.08.md`_ | ||
```{include} ../notes/mechanika_cw/mechanika_cw_2024.01.08.md | ||
``` | ||
--- | ||
_Notatki z pliku `notes/mechanika_cw/mechanika_cw_24.11.2023.md`_ | ||
```{include} ../notes/mechanika_cw/mechanika_cw_24.11.2023.md | ||
``` |
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| Bryła | I | | ||
|---|---| | ||
| kula | $\frac{2}{5}$ | | ||
| walec | $\frac{1}{2}$ | | ||
| sfera | $\frac{2}{3}$ | | ||
| obręcz | $1$ | |