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// Gmsh project created on Wed Dec 4 14:27:19 2024 | ||
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
// | ||
// Gmsh GEO tutorial 1 | ||
// | ||
// Geometry basics, elementary entities, physical groups | ||
// | ||
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
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// The simplest construction in Gmsh's scripting language is the | ||
// `affectation'. The following command defines a new variable `lc': | ||
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lc = 1e-1; | ||
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// This variable can then be used in the definition of Gmsh's simplest | ||
// `elementary entity', a `Point'. A Point is uniquely identified by a tag (a | ||
// strictly positive integer; here `1') and defined by a list of four numbers: | ||
// three coordinates (X, Y and Z) and the target mesh size (lc) close to the | ||
// point: | ||
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// The distribution of the mesh element sizes will then be obtained by | ||
// interpolation of these mesh sizes throughout the geometry. Another method to | ||
// specify mesh sizes is to use general mesh size Fields (see `t10.geo'). A | ||
// particular case is the use of a background mesh (see `t7.geo'). | ||
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// If no target mesh size of provided, a default uniform coarse size will be | ||
// used for the model, based on the overall model size. | ||
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// We can then define some additional points. All points should have different | ||
// tags: | ||
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Point(1) = {0, -1.0000, 0, lc}; | ||
Point(2) = {0, 1.0000, 0, lc}; | ||
Point(3) = {1.9015, 1.6190, 0, lc}; | ||
Point(4) = {3.0777, 0, 0, lc}; | ||
Point(5) = {1.9015, -1.6190, 0, lc}; | ||
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// Point(1) = {0.8507, 0, 0, lc}; | ||
// Point(2) = {0.2629, 0.8090, 0, lc}; | ||
// Point(3) = {-0.6882, 0.5000, 0, lc}; | ||
// Point(4) = {-0.6882, -0.5000, 0, lc}; | ||
// Point(5) = {0.2629, -0.8090, 0, lc}; | ||
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// Curves are Gmsh's second type of elementary entities, and, amongst curves, | ||
// straight lines are the simplest. A straight line is identified by a tag and | ||
// is defined by a list of two point tags. In the commands below, for example, | ||
// the line 1 starts at point 1 and ends at point 2. | ||
// | ||
// Note that curve tags are separate from point tags - hence we can reuse tag | ||
// `1' for our first curve. And as a general rule, elementary entity tags in | ||
// Gmsh have to be unique per geometrical dimension. | ||
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Line(1) = {1, 2}; | ||
Line(2) = {2, 3}; | ||
Line(3) = {3, 4}; | ||
Line(4) = {4, 5}; | ||
Line(5) = {5, 1}; | ||
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// The third elementary entity is the surface. In order to define a simple | ||
// rectangular surface from the four curves defined above, a curve loop has | ||
// first to be defined. A curve loop is also identified by a tag (unique amongst | ||
// curve loops) and defined by an ordered list of connected curves, a sign being | ||
// associated with each curve (depending on the orientation of the curve to form | ||
// a loop): | ||
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Curve Loop(1) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; | ||
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// We can then define the surface as a list of curve loops (only one here, | ||
// representing the external contour, since there are no holes--see `t4.geo' for | ||
// an example of a surface with a hole): | ||
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Plane Surface(1) = {1}; | ||
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// At this level, Gmsh knows everything to display the rectangular surface 1 and | ||
// to mesh it. An optional step is needed if we want to group elementary | ||
// geometrical entities into more meaningful groups, e.g. to define some | ||
// mathematical ("domain", "boundary"), functional ("left wing", "fuselage") or | ||
// material ("steel", "carbon") properties. | ||
// | ||
// Such groups are called "Physical Groups" in Gmsh. By default, if physical | ||
// groups are defined, Gmsh will export in output files only mesh elements that | ||
// belong to at least one physical group. (To force Gmsh to save all elements, | ||
// whether they belong to physical groups or not, set `Mesh.SaveAll=1;', or | ||
// specify `-save_all' on the command line.) Physical groups are also identified | ||
// by tags, i.e. strictly positive integers, that should be unique per dimension | ||
// (0D, 1D, 2D or 3D). Physical groups can also be given names. | ||
// | ||
// Here we define a physical curve that groups the left, bottom and right curves | ||
// in a single group (with prescribed tag 5); and a physical surface with name | ||
// "My surface" (with an automatic tag) containing the geometrical surface 1: | ||
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Physical Line("l1") = {1}; | ||
Physical Line("l2") = {2}; | ||
Physical Line("l3") = {3}; | ||
Physical Line("l4") = {4}; | ||
Physical Line("l5") = {5}; | ||
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Physical Curve(“b1”) = {1, 2, 4}; | ||
Physical Curve("b2") = {3}; | ||
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Physical Surface("My surface") = {1}; | ||
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// Now that the geometry is complete, you can | ||
// - either open this file with Gmsh and select `2D' in the `Mesh' module to | ||
// create a mesh; then select `Save' to save it to disk in the default format | ||
// (or use `File->Export' to export in other formats); | ||
// - or run `gmsh t1.geo -2` to mesh in batch mode on the command line. | ||
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// You could also uncomment the following lines in this script: | ||
// | ||
Mesh 2; | ||
Save "pentagon_mesh.msh"; | ||
// | ||
// which would lead Gmsh to mesh and save the mesh every time the file is | ||
// parsed. (To simply parse the file from the command line, you can use `gmsh | ||
// t1.geo -') | ||
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// By default, Gmsh saves meshes in the latest version of the Gmsh mesh file | ||
// format (the `MSH' format). You can save meshes in other mesh formats by | ||
// specifying a filename with a different extension in the GUI, on the command | ||
// line or in scripts. For example | ||
// | ||
// Save "t1.unv"; | ||
// | ||
// will save the mesh in the UNV format. You can also save the mesh in older | ||
// versions of the MSH format: | ||
// | ||
// - In the GUI: open `File->Export', enter your `filename.msh' and then pick | ||
// the version in the dropdown menu. | ||
// - On the command line: use the `-format' option (e.g. `gmsh file.geo -format | ||
// msh2 -2'). | ||
// - In a `.geo' script: add `Mesh.MshFileVersion = x.y;' for any version | ||
// number `x.y'. | ||
// - As an alternative method, you can also not specify the format explicitly, | ||
// and just choose a filename with the `.msh2' or `.msh4' extension. | ||
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// Note that starting with Gmsh 3.0, models can be built using other geometry | ||
// kernels than the default built-in kernel. By specifying | ||
// | ||
// SetFactory("OpenCASCADE"); | ||
// | ||
// any subsequent command in the `.geo' file would be handled by the OpenCASCADE | ||
// geometry kernel instead of the built-in kernel. Different geometry kernels | ||
// have different features. With OpenCASCADE, instead of defining the surface by | ||
// successively defining 4 points, 4 curves and 1 curve loop, one can define the | ||
// rectangular surface directly with | ||
// | ||
// Rectangle(2) = {.2, 0, 0, .1, .3}; | ||
// | ||
// The underlying curves and points could be accessed with the `Boundary' or | ||
// `CombinedBoundary' operators. | ||
// | ||
// See e.g. `t16.geo', `t18.geo', `t19.geo' or `t20.geo' for complete examples | ||
// based on OpenCASCADE, and `examples/boolean' for more. |
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