Refactor GitHub workflows and prepare release 0.12.0 #510

Job	Run time
slow-test-detection	1s
Tests (Python-3.8)	7m 1s
Tests (Python-3.9)	6m 54s
Tests (Python-3.10)	6m 50s
Checks / Version Check	45s
Checks / Build Documentation	56s
Checks / Type Checking (Python-3.8)	57s
Checks / Linting (Python-3.8)	1m 1s
Checks / Type Checking (Python-3.9)	55s
Checks / Linting (Python-3.9)	59s
Checks / Type Checking (Python-3.10)	1m 0s
Checks / Linting (Python-3.10)	1m 1s
Checks / Type Checking (Python-3.11)	1m 0s
Checks / Linting (Python-3.11)	1m 1s
Checks / Tests (Python-3.8, Exasol-7.1.9)	3m 54s
Checks / Tests (Python-3.9, Exasol-7.1.9)	4m 7s
Checks / Tests (Python-3.10, Exasol-7.1.9)	4m 27s
Checks / Tests (Python-3.11, Exasol-7.1.9)	4m 12s
Gate 1 - Regular CI	1s
metrics / Generate Status Report	48s
run-slow-tests	0s
Gate 2 - Allow Merge	0s
	47m 50s

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