DBZ-8046 Add workflow to manually deploy connector to docker hub for local testing

[ShuranZhang]

This pull request resolves the incompatibility of the Kafka Connect Maven plugin with Debezium 3, which previously prevented us from manually deploying the connector for testing.

Key Changes:

• New Profile (pack-local-changes): This profile uses the maven-assembly-plugin to generate a directory containing all the runtime JAR files needed for running the connector. This directory can be directly installed on a Kafka Connect base image through dockerfile.

• Testing dockerfile updates: JDK 11 was uninstalled and replaced with JDK 17 due to the limitation of the confluentinc/cp-kafka-connect-base:latest image. This is necessary because our connector jar can't be executed with Java 11. Also removed the usage of confluent-hub install and directly install the connector plugin with COPY.

Long-Term Recommendation:

• To avoid future compatibility issues, we should update our testing infrastructure to use Debezium-based ecosystem. This will ensure smoother integration with future releases.

[jpechane]

@ShuranZhang LGTM, thanks!
@nancyxu123 I am doing an Alpha1 release today so I took the liberty and merged the PR. If fixes are needed please open a follow-up one. Sorry for the hassle but I thought it might be good test bed.