KBAC Statistic Implementation

This is repository for the R implementation of KBAC statistic for association testing.

Methodology

This program implements the KBAC statistic in Liu and Leal 2010((Dajiang J. Liu and Suzanne M. Leal (2010). A Novel Adaptive Method for the Analysis of Next-Generation Sequencing Data to Detect Complex Trait Associations with Rare Variants Due to Gene Main Effects and Interactions. PLoS Genetics)). It carries out case-control association testing for rare variants for whole exome association studies. Briefly, consider a gene of length (N) which harbors (M) rare variants. Genotype on the (M) variant sites & the disease status (case/control) are known for each individual. The program takes as input the (M)-site genotype and disease status (case/control) data files, and computes a (p) value indicating the significance of association. In order to speed up permutation testing we use an "adaptive" approach to obtain (p) values.

Latest Version

You can install the latest version of ''KBAC'' via the R script below:

if (!require("devtools", character.only=TRUE, quietly=TRUE)) {
   install.packages("devtools")
}
devtools::install_github("gaow/kbac")

Dataset

• Example dataset [download]

ChangeLog

• 2016.04.09 Move source code to github. No updates made to the package.
• 2013.02.22 Output the weights for the original genotype patterns, in response to user requests
• 2011.05.27 GSL portability: I keep updating the package trying to port the GSL libraries into the program for a speedy hypergeometric routine. Complexities thus arise (various dependency problems) that I keep resolving. Please let me know if you fail to compile the package on your computer
• 2011.05.18 Improved R/CPP interface
• 2011.04.12 A more proper implementation of two-sided test
• 2010.12.02 Initial release

Documentation

Note

In this R implementation

• Only hyper-geometric kernel implemented
• Only single candidate region analysis is supported (no covariates allowed)
  • The length of candidate region reported in ''KBAC'' log is the number of variant sites analyzed (excluding sites with zero MAF or MAF above given threshold)
• Allows for testing of both protective and deleterious mutations (set alternative = 2); Genotypes codings are 0 or 1 or 2. Invalid codings will be re-coded as 0 (wild-type). Phenotype codings are 0 for ctrls, 1 for cases
• Genotype should consist only of the rare variants of interest -- synonymous, non-polymophic sites and common variants (MAF > 0.01) must be excluded;
• Variant sites must be SNPs with numeric coding, no missing data allowed.

The purpose of this R packages to demonstration the KBAC methodology. It is not designed for analysis of real-world next-generation sequencing data, for which I suggest VAT as a resort.

Input

Genotype for each locus are coded as 0 for wild type, 1 for heterozygotes and 2 for homozygotes, e.g.

STATUS	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6	M7	M8	M9	M10	M11	M12
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Example

Getting started

Install the package, start R, and type the following to load the package and read the usage

library("KBAC")
?KbacTest

A quick demonstration

casectrl.dat <- read.table("phengen.dat", skip = 1)
# Set parameters and use the KbacTest() function to obtain p-value
alpha <- 0.05
num.permutation <- 3000
quiet <- 1
alternative <- 1
maf.upper.bound <- 0.05
kbac.pvalue <- KbacTest(casectrl.dat, alpha, num.permutation, quiet, maf.upper.bound, alternative)
print(kbac.pvalue)
# To evaluate test at small alpha we need huge number of permutations. Adaptive approach is thus necessary.
kbac.pvalue <- KbacTest(casectrl.dat, 0.00001, 1000000, quiet, maf.upper.bound, alternative)
print(kbac.pvalue)
# Not using adaptive p-value calculation; will take longer time
kbac.pvalue <- KbacTest(casectrl.dat, 9, 1000000, quiet, maf.upper.bound, alternative)
print(kbac.pvalue)

Result

If you set ''quiet = F'' then you will see the screen output like this:

    Number of each unique individual genotype patterns (totaling 16 patterns excluding wildtype):
    3, 4, 4, 1, 29, 1, 16, 6, 40, 19, 1, 1, 51, 1, 1, 1,
    
    Unique genotype patterns weights (model 1):
    0.124812 0.687688 0.312312 1 0.98844 0.5 0.962177 0.656485 0.925138 0.821517 0.5 0.5 0.922296 0.5 0.5 1

Take the first genotype pattern for example. There are 3 individuals having this genotype pattern in the input data, all of whom are controls.

> casectrl.dat[c(507,525,549),]
      V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21
    507  0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    525  0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    549  0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      V22 V23 V24 V25 V26 V27 V28
    507   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    525   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    549   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

To see how the weight 0.124812 is tabulated, consider the ''phyper(x,m,n,k)'' notation in R where

• x: number of cases (for model 1) having this genotype pattern
• m: total number of cases
• n: total number of ctrls
• k: total number of samples having this genotype pattern

Then the weight is computed by ''phyper(0,1000,1000,3)'' which is 0.124812

Compare with CMC method

An R script for the CMC method Li and Leal 2008((Bingshan Li and Suzanne M. Leal (2008). Methods for Detecting Associations with Rare Variants for Common Diseases: Application to Analysis of Sequence Data. The American Journal of Human Genetics)) via Fisher's exact test is provided for comparison purpose:

arg <- commandArgs()

Cmc <- function(fn) {
    pgdata <- as.matrix(read.table(fn, as.is=T, skip = 1))
    y <- pgdata[,1];
    x `<- ((rowSums(as.matrix(pgdata[,-1])))>`0);
    m <- matrix(nrow=2,ncol=2);
    m[1,1] <- sum(x==1 & y==1);
    m[1,2] <- sum(x==0 & y==1);
    m[2,1] <- sum(x==1 & y==0);
    m[2,2] <- sum(x==0 & y==0);
    print(m);
    stat <- fisher.test(m)$p.value;
    return(stat);
}

Cmc(arg[3])

To use this script:

R --no-save phengen.dat < cmc.R