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nativeImage

Create tray, dock, and application icons using PNG or JPG files.

Process: Main, Renderer

The nativeImage module provides a unified interface for manipulating system images. These can be handy if you want to provide multiple scaled versions of the same icon or take advantage of macOS template images.

Electron APIs that take image files accept either file paths or NativeImage instances. An empty and transparent image will be used when null is passed.

For example, when creating a Tray or setting a BrowserWindow's icon, you can either pass an image file path as a string:

const { BrowserWindow, Tray } = require('electron')

const tray = new Tray('/Users/somebody/images/icon.png')
const win = new BrowserWindow({ icon: '/Users/somebody/images/window.png' })

or generate a NativeImage instance from the same file:

const { BrowserWindow, nativeImage, Tray } = require('electron')

const trayIcon = nativeImage.createFromPath('/Users/somebody/images/icon.png')
const appIcon = nativeImage.createFromPath('/Users/somebody/images/window.png')
const tray = new Tray(trayIcon)
const win = new BrowserWindow({ icon: appIcon })

Supported Formats

Currently, PNG and JPEG image formats are supported across all platforms. PNG is recommended because of its support for transparency and lossless compression.

On Windows, you can also load ICO icons from file paths. For best visual quality, we recommend including at least the following sizes:

  • Small icon
    • 16x16 (100% DPI scale)
    • 20x20 (125% DPI scale)
    • 24x24 (150% DPI scale)
    • 32x32 (200% DPI scale)
  • Large icon
    • 32x32 (100% DPI scale)
    • 40x40 (125% DPI scale)
    • 48x48 (150% DPI scale)
    • 64x64 (200% DPI scale)
    • 256x256

Check the Icon Scaling section in the Windows App Icon Construction reference.

:::note

EXIF metadata is currently not supported and will not be taken into account during image encoding and decoding.

:::

High Resolution Image

On platforms that support high pixel density displays (such as Apple Retina), you can append @2x after image's base filename to mark it as a 2x scale high resolution image.

For example, if icon.png is a normal image that has standard resolution, then [email protected] will be treated as a high resolution image that has double Dots per Inch (DPI) density.

If you want to support displays with different DPI densities at the same time, you can put images with different sizes in the same folder and use the filename without DPI suffixes within Electron. For example:

images/
├── icon.png
├── [email protected]
└── [email protected]

const { Tray } = require('electron')
const appTray = new Tray('/Users/somebody/images/icon.png')

The following suffixes for DPI are also supported:

  • @1x
  • @1.25x
  • @1.33x
  • @1.4x
  • @1.5x
  • @1.8x
  • @2x
  • @2.5x
  • @3x
  • @4x
  • @5x

Template Image macOS

On macOS, template images consist of black and an alpha channel. Template images are not intended to be used as standalone images and are usually mixed with other content to create the desired final appearance.

The most common case is to use template images for a menu bar (Tray) icon, so it can adapt to both light and dark menu bars.

To mark an image as a template image, its base filename should end with the word Template (e.g. xxxTemplate.png). You can also specify template images at different DPI densities (e.g. [email protected]).

Methods

The nativeImage module has the following methods, all of which return an instance of the NativeImage class:

nativeImage.createEmpty()

Returns NativeImage

Creates an empty NativeImage instance.

nativeImage.createThumbnailFromPath(path, size) macOS Windows

  • path string - path to a file that we intend to construct a thumbnail out of.
  • size Size - the desired width and height (positive numbers) of the thumbnail.

Returns Promise<NativeImage> - fulfilled with the file's thumbnail preview image, which is a NativeImage.

Note: The Windows implementation will ignore size.height and scale the height according to size.width.

nativeImage.createFromPath(path)

  • path string - path to a file that we intend to construct an image out of.

Returns NativeImage

Creates a new NativeImage instance from a file located at path. This method returns an empty image if the path does not exist, cannot be read, or is not a valid image.

const { nativeImage } = require('electron')

const image = nativeImage.createFromPath('/Users/somebody/images/icon.png')
console.log(image)

nativeImage.createFromBitmap(buffer, options)

  • buffer Buffer
  • options Object
    • width Integer
    • height Integer
    • scaleFactor Number (optional) - Defaults to 1.0.

Returns NativeImage

Creates a new NativeImage instance from buffer that contains the raw bitmap pixel data returned by toBitmap(). The specific format is platform-dependent.

nativeImage.createFromBuffer(buffer[, options])

  • buffer Buffer
  • options Object (optional)
    • width Integer (optional) - Required for bitmap buffers.
    • height Integer (optional) - Required for bitmap buffers.
    • scaleFactor Number (optional) - Defaults to 1.0.

Returns NativeImage

Creates a new NativeImage instance from buffer. Tries to decode as PNG or JPEG first.

nativeImage.createFromDataURL(dataURL)

  • dataURL string

Returns NativeImage

Creates a new NativeImage instance from dataUrl, a base 64 encoded Data URL string.

nativeImage.createFromNamedImage(imageName[, hslShift]) macOS

  • imageName string
  • hslShift number[] (optional)

Returns NativeImage

Creates a new NativeImage instance from the NSImage that maps to the given image name. See Apple's NSImageName documentation for a list of possible values.

The hslShift is applied to the image with the following rules:

  • hsl_shift[0] (hue): The absolute hue value for the image - 0 and 1 map to 0 and 360 on the hue color wheel (red).
  • hsl_shift[1] (saturation): A saturation shift for the image, with the following key values: 0 = remove all color. 0.5 = leave unchanged. 1 = fully saturate the image.
  • hsl_shift[2] (lightness): A lightness shift for the image, with the following key values: 0 = remove all lightness (make all pixels black). 0.5 = leave unchanged. 1 = full lightness (make all pixels white).

This means that [-1, 0, 1] will make the image completely white and [-1, 1, 0] will make the image completely black.

In some cases, the NSImageName doesn't match its string representation; one example of this is NSFolderImageName, whose string representation would actually be NSFolder. Therefore, you'll need to determine the correct string representation for your image before passing it in. This can be done with the following:

echo -e '#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>\nint main() { NSLog(@"%@", SYSTEM_IMAGE_NAME); }' | clang -otest -x objective-c -framework Cocoa - && ./test

where SYSTEM_IMAGE_NAME should be replaced with any value from this list.

Class: NativeImage

Natively wrap images such as tray, dock, and application icons.

Process: Main, Renderer
This class is not exported from the 'electron' module. It is only available as a return value of other methods in the Electron API.

Instance Methods

The following methods are available on instances of the NativeImage class:

image.toPNG([options])

  • options Object (optional)
    • scaleFactor Number (optional) - Defaults to 1.0.

Returns Buffer - A Buffer that contains the image's PNG encoded data.

image.toJPEG(quality)

  • quality Integer - Between 0 - 100.

Returns Buffer - A Buffer that contains the image's JPEG encoded data.

image.toBitmap([options])

  • options Object (optional)
    • scaleFactor Number (optional) - Defaults to 1.0.

Returns Buffer - A Buffer that contains a copy of the image's raw bitmap pixel data.

image.toDataURL([options])

  • options Object (optional)
    • scaleFactor Number (optional) - Defaults to 1.0.

Returns string - The Data URL of the image.

image.getBitmap([options])

  • options Object (optional)
    • scaleFactor Number (optional) - Defaults to 1.0.

Returns Buffer - A Buffer that contains the image's raw bitmap pixel data.

The difference between getBitmap() and toBitmap() is that getBitmap() does not copy the bitmap data, so you have to use the returned Buffer immediately in current event loop tick; otherwise the data might be changed or destroyed.

image.getNativeHandle() macOS

Returns Buffer - A Buffer that stores C pointer to underlying native handle of the image. On macOS, a pointer to NSImage instance is returned.

Notice that the returned pointer is a weak pointer to the underlying native image instead of a copy, so you must ensure that the associated nativeImage instance is kept around.

image.isEmpty()

Returns boolean - Whether the image is empty.

image.getSize([scaleFactor])

  • scaleFactor Number (optional) - Defaults to 1.0.

Returns Size.

If scaleFactor is passed, this will return the size corresponding to the image representation most closely matching the passed value.

image.setTemplateImage(option)

  • option boolean

Marks the image as a macOS template image.

image.isTemplateImage()

Returns boolean - Whether the image is a macOS template image.

image.crop(rect)

  • rect Rectangle - The area of the image to crop.

Returns NativeImage - The cropped image.

image.resize(options)

  • options Object
    • width Integer (optional) - Defaults to the image's width.
    • height Integer (optional) - Defaults to the image's height.
    • quality string (optional) - The desired quality of the resize image. Possible values include good, better, or best. The default is best. These values express a desired quality/speed tradeoff. They are translated into an algorithm-specific method that depends on the capabilities (CPU, GPU) of the underlying platform. It is possible for all three methods to be mapped to the same algorithm on a given platform.

Returns NativeImage - The resized image.

If only the height or the width are specified then the current aspect ratio will be preserved in the resized image.

image.getAspectRatio([scaleFactor])

  • scaleFactor Number (optional) - Defaults to 1.0.

Returns Number - The image's aspect ratio (width divided by height).

If scaleFactor is passed, this will return the aspect ratio corresponding to the image representation most closely matching the passed value.

image.getScaleFactors()

Returns Number[] - An array of all scale factors corresponding to representations for a given NativeImage.

image.addRepresentation(options)

  • options Object
    • scaleFactor Number (optional) - The scale factor to add the image representation for.
    • width Integer (optional) - Defaults to 0. Required if a bitmap buffer is specified as buffer.
    • height Integer (optional) - Defaults to 0. Required if a bitmap buffer is specified as buffer.
    • buffer Buffer (optional) - The buffer containing the raw image data.
    • dataURL string (optional) - The data URL containing either a base 64 encoded PNG or JPEG image.

Add an image representation for a specific scale factor. This can be used to programmatically add different scale factor representations to an image. This can be called on empty images.

Instance Properties

nativeImage.isMacTemplateImage macOS

A boolean property that determines whether the image is considered a template image.

Please note that this property only has an effect on macOS.