Add ADR for "entry(s)" (#12127)

* Replace "entry(ies)" by "entry(s)"

* Add ADR-0040

* Fix typo

* Update 0040-use-one-form-for-singular-and-plural.md

Refine Option 1

docs/code-howtos/localization.md

@@ -45,8 +45,9 @@ To write a localized string in FXML file, prepend it with `%`, like in this code
 ## General hints
 
 * Use the String you want to localize directly, do not use members or local variables: `Localization.lang("Translate me");` instead of `Localization.lang(someVariable)` (possibly in the form `someVariable = Localization.lang("Translate me")`
-* Use `%x`-variables where appropriate: `Localization.lang("Exported %0 entries.", number)` instead of `Localization.lang("Exported ") + number + Localization.lang(" entries.");`
+* Use `%x`-variables where appropriate: `Localization.lang("Exported %0 entry(s).", number)` instead of `Localization.lang("Exported ") + number + Localization.lang(" entry(s).");`
 * Use a full stop/period (".") to end full sentences
+* For pluralization, use a combined form. E.g., `Localization.lang("checked %0 entry(s)")`.
 
 ## Checking for correctness
 

docs/decisions/0040-use-one-form-for-singular-and-plural.md

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+---
+nav_order: 40
+parent: Decision Records
+---
+<!-- we need to disable MD025, because we use the different heading "ADR Template" in the homepage (see above) than it is foreseen in the template -->
+<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line MD025 -->
+# Use one language string for pluralization localization
+
+## Context and Problem Statement
+
+For user-facing messages, sometimes, it needs to be counted: E.g., 1 entry updated, 2 entries updated, etc.
+
+In some languages, there is not only "one" and "more than one", but other forms:
+
+* zero → “لم نزرع أي شجرة حتى الآن”
+* one → “لقد زرعنا شجرة ١ حتى الآن”
+* two → “لقد زرعنا شجرتين ٢ حتى الآن”
+* few → “لقد زرعنا ٣ شجرات حتى الآن”
+* many → “لقد زرعنا ١١ شجرة حتى الآن”
+* other → “لقد زرعنا ١٠٠ شجرة حتى الآن”
+
+(Example is from [Pluralization: A Guide to Localizing Plurals](https://phrase.com/blog/posts/pluralization/))
+
+How to localize pluralization?
+
+## Decision Drivers
+
+* Good English language
+* Good localization to other languages
+
+## Considered Options
+
+* Use one language string for pluralization (no explicit pluralization)
+* Use singular and plural
+* Handling of multiple forms
+
+## Decision Outcome
+
+Chosen option: "Use one form only (no explicit pluralization)", because it is the most easiest to handle in the code.
+
+## Pros and Cons of the Options
+
+### Use one language string for pluralization (no explicit pluralization)
+
+Example:
+
+- `Imported 0 entry(s)`
+- `Imported 1 entry(s)`
+- `Imported 12 entry(s)`
+
+There are sub alternatives here:
+
+* `Imported %0 entry(ies)`.
+* `Number of entries imported: %0` (always use "other" plural form)
+
+These arguments are for the general case of using a single text for all kinds of numbers:
+
+* Good, because easy to handle in the code
+* Bad, because reads strange in English UI
+
+### Use singular and plural
+
+Example:
+
+- `Imported 0 entries`
+- `Imported 1 entry`
+- `Imported 12 entries`
+
+* Good, because reads well in English
+* Bad, because all localizations need to take an `if` check for the count
+* Bad, because Arabic not localized properly
+
+### Handling of multiple forms
+
+Example:
+
+- `Imported 0 entries`
+- `Imported 1 entry`
+- `Imported 12 entries`
+
+Code: `Localization.lang("Imported %0 entries", "Imported %0 entry.", "Imported %0 entries.", "Imported %0 entries.", "Imported %0 entries.", "Imported %0 entries.", count)`
+
+* Good, because reads well in English
+* Bad, because sophisticated localization handling is required
+* Bad, because no Java library for handling pluralization is known
+* Bad, because Arabic not localized properly
+
+## More Information
+
+- [Language Plural Rules](https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/43/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
+- [Unicode CLDR Project's Plural Rules](https://cldr.unicode.org/index/cldr-spec/plural-rules)
+- [Implementation in Mozilla Firefox](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl/PluralRules)
+- [SX discussion on plural forms](https://english.stackexchange.com/a/90283/66058)
+
+<!-- markdownlint-disable-file MD004 -->

src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/LibraryTab.java

@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ public void insertEntries(final List<BibEntry> entries) {
     public void copyEntry() {
         int entriesCopied = doCopyEntry(getSelectedEntries());
         if (entriesCopied >= 0) {
-            dialogService.notify(Localization.lang("Copied %0 entry(ies)", entriesCopied));
+            dialogService.notify(Localization.lang("Copied %0 entry(s)", entriesCopied));
         } else {
             dialogService.notify(Localization.lang("Copy failed", entriesCopied));
         }
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ public void cutEntry() {
         int entriesDeleted = doDeleteEntry(StandardActions.CUT, mainTable.getSelectedEntries());
 
         if (entriesCopied == entriesDeleted) {
-            dialogService.notify(Localization.lang("Cut %0 entry(ies)", entriesCopied));
+            dialogService.notify(Localization.lang("Cut %0 entry(s)", entriesCopied));
         } else {
             dialogService.notify(Localization.lang("Cut failed", entriesCopied));
             undoManager.undo();
@@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ public void cutEntry() {
      */
     public void deleteEntry() {
         int entriesDeleted = doDeleteEntry(StandardActions.DELETE_ENTRY, mainTable.getSelectedEntries());
-        dialogService.notify(Localization.lang("Deleted %0 entry(ies)", entriesDeleted));
+        dialogService.notify(Localization.lang("Deleted %0 entry(s)", entriesDeleted));
     }
 
     public void deleteEntry(BibEntry entry) {

src/main/java/org/jabref/gui/externalfiles/DownloadFullTextAction.java

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 /**
- * Try to download fulltext PDF for selected entry(ies) by following URL or DOI link.
+ * Try to download fulltext PDF for selected entry(s) by following URL or DOI link.
  */
 public class DownloadFullTextAction extends SimpleCommand {
 

src/main/resources/l10n/JabRef_en.properties

@@ -2769,9 +2769,9 @@ Pushing\ citations\ to\ TeXShop\ is\ only\ possible\ on\ macOS\!=Pushing citatio
 
 Single\ instance=Single instance
 
-Copied\ %0\ entry(ies)=Copied %0 entry(ies)
-Cut\ %0\ entry(ies)=Cut %0 entry(ies)
-Deleted\ %0\ entry(ies)=Deleted %0 entry(ies)
+Copied\ %0\ entry(s)=Copied %0 entry(s)
+Cut\ %0\ entry(s)=Cut %0 entry(s)
+Deleted\ %0\ entry(s)=Deleted %0 entry(s)
 
 Enable\ Journal\ Information\ Fetching?=Enable Journal Information Fetching?
 Would\ you\ like\ to\ enable\ fetching\ of\ journal\ information?\ This\ can\ be\ changed\ later\ in\ %0\ >\ %1.=Would you like to enable fetching of journal information? This can be changed later in %0 > %1.