Port : Enhance badge API to require authorization

[sahibamittal]

Description

Enables Dependency-Track to offer badges in a secure manner and change the badge API from an opt-in-able, unauthenticated one into one requiring authentication with the new permission VIEW_BADGES, either via HTTP header or URI query parameter.

Addressed Issue

Port change DependencyTrack/hyades#1358

Checklist

• I have read and understand the contributing guidelines
• This PR fixes a defect, and I have provided tests to verify that the fix is effective
• This PR implements an enhancement, and I have provided tests to verify that it works as intended
• This PR introduces changes to the database model, and I have updated the migration changelog accordingly
• This PR introduces new or alters existing behavior, and I have updated the documentation accordingly

[codacy-production]

Coverage summary from Codacy

See diff coverage on Codacy

Coverage variation	Diff coverage
✅ -0.05% (target: -1.00%)	✅ 76.99% (target: 70.00%)

Coverage variation details

	Coverable lines	Covered lines	Coverage
Common ancestor commit (a71f939)	22001	18181	82.64%
Head commit (318cb58)	22096 (+95)	18249 (+68)	82.59% (-0.05%)

Coverage variation is the difference between the coverage for the head and common ancestor commits of the pull request branch: <coverage of head commit> - <coverage of common ancestor commit>

Diff coverage details

	Coverable lines	Covered lines	Diff coverage
Pull request (#941)	113	87	76.99%

Diff coverage is the percentage of lines that are covered by tests out of the coverable lines that the pull request added or modified: <covered lines added or modified>/<coverable lines added or modified> * 100%

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