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feat: up 10/15 #500

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11 changes: 10 additions & 1 deletion 0xRory.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -157,6 +157,15 @@ timezone: Asia/Taipei

[WTF Academy Solidity 103 54 跨鏈橋 Note](/content/0xRory/120-跨鏈橋/跨鏈橋.md)

[WTF Academy Solidity 103 55 MultiCall Note](/content/0xRory/120-Multicall/Multicall.md)
[WTF Academy Solidity 103 55 MultiCall Note](/content/0xRory/120-MultiCall/MultiCall.md)

### 2024.10.15

day23:

[WTF Academy Solidity 103 56 去中心化交易所 Note](/content/0xRory/120-去中心化交易所/DEX.md)

[WTF Academy Solidity 103 57 Flashloan Note](/content/0xRory/120-Flashloan/Flashloan.md)


<!-- Content_END -->
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266 changes: 266 additions & 0 deletions content/0xRory/120-Flashloan/Flashloan.md
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### 57. 閃電貸

「閃電貸攻擊」這個詞大家一定聽過,但是什麼是閃電貸?如何寫閃電貸合約?這一講,我們將介紹區塊鏈中的閃電貸。

閃電貸(Flashloan)是DeFi的一種創新,它允許用戶在一個交易中藉出並迅速歸還資金,而無需提供任何抵押。

想像一下,你突然在市場中發現了一個套利機會,但需要準備100萬u的資金才能完成套利。

在Web2,你去銀行申請貸款,需要審批,很可能錯過套利的機會。另外,如果套利失敗,你不光要支付利息,還需要歸還損失的本金。

而在Web3,你可以在DeFI平台(Uniswap,AAVE,Dodo)中進行閃電貸獲取資金,就可以在無擔保的情況下借100萬u的代幣,執行鏈上套利,最後再歸還貸款和利息。

閃電貸利用了以太坊交易的原子性:

一個交易(包括其中的所有操作)要么完全執行,要么完全不執行。

如果一個用戶嘗試使用閃電貸並在同一個交易中沒有歸還資金,那麼整個交易都會失敗並被回滾,就像它從未發生過一樣。因此,DeFi平台不需要擔心借款人還不上款,因為還不上的話就意味著錢沒借出去;

同時,借款人也不用擔心套利不成功,因為套利不成功的話就還不上款,也就代表借錢沒成功。


![alt text](image.png)

首先,要理解閃電貸會需要知道他就是在一筆交易內完成 借貸,操作,所以如果可以在短時間內到可以支付fee 的費用,與所借的資金,那麼就可以進行閃電貸。

```
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import "./Lib.sol";

// UniswapV2闪电贷回调接口
interface IUniswapV2Callee {
function uniswapV2Call(address sender, uint amount0, uint amount1, bytes calldata data) external;
}

// UniswapV2闪电贷合约
contract UniswapV2Flashloan is IUniswapV2Callee {
address private constant UNISWAP_V2_FACTORY =
0x5C69bEe701ef814a2B6a3EDD4B1652CB9cc5aA6f;

address private constant DAI = 0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F;
address private constant WETH = 0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2;

IUniswapV2Factory private constant factory = IUniswapV2Factory(UNISWAP_V2_FACTORY);

IERC20 private constant weth = IERC20(WETH);

IUniswapV2Pair private immutable pair;

constructor() {
pair = IUniswapV2Pair(factory.getPair(DAI, WETH));
}

// 闪电贷函数
function flashloan(uint wethAmount) external {
// calldata长度大于1才能触发闪电贷回调函数
bytes memory data = abi.encode(WETH, wethAmount);

// amount0Out是要借的DAI, amount1Out是要借的WETH
pair.swap(0, wethAmount, address(this), data);
}

// 闪电贷回调函数,只能被 DAI/WETH pair 合约调用
function uniswapV2Call(
address sender,
uint amount0,
uint amount1,
bytes calldata data
) external {
// 确认调用的是 DAI/WETH pair 合约
address token0 = IUniswapV2Pair(msg.sender).token0(); // 获取token0地址
address token1 = IUniswapV2Pair(msg.sender).token1(); // 获取token1地址
assert(msg.sender == factory.getPair(token0, token1)); // ensure that msg.sender is a V2 pair

// 解码calldata
(address tokenBorrow, uint256 wethAmount) = abi.decode(data, (address, uint256));

// flashloan 逻辑,这里省略
require(tokenBorrow == WETH, "token borrow != WETH");

// 计算flashloan费用
// fee / (amount + fee) = 3/1000
// 向上取整
uint fee = (amount1 * 3) / 997 + 1;
uint amountToRepay = amount1 + fee;

// 归还闪电贷
weth.transfer(address(pair), amountToRepay);
}
}
```

- 计算闪电贷费用:
- Uniswap V2 收取借贷金额的 0.3% 作为费用。
- 公式:fee = (amount1 * 3) / 997 + 1,并向上取整。
- 计算需要偿还的总金额:amountToRepay = amount1 + fee。

- 归还闪电贷
weth.transfer(address(pair), amountToRepay);

#### 2. Uniswap V3闪电贷
与Uniswap V2在swap()交换函数中间接支持闪电贷不同,Uniswap V3在Pool池合约中加入了flash()函数直接支持闪电贷。

```
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import "./Lib.sol";

// UniswapV3闪电贷回调接口
// 需要实现并重写uniswapV3FlashCallback()函数
interface IUniswapV3FlashCallback {
/// 在实现中,你必须偿还池中由 flash 发送的代币及计算出的费用金额。
/// 调用此方法的合约必须经由官方 UniswapV3Factory 部署的 UniswapV3Pool 检查。
/// @param fee0 闪电贷结束时,应支付给池的 token0 的费用金额
/// @param fee1 闪电贷结束时,应支付给池的 token1 的费用金额
/// @param data 通过 IUniswapV3PoolActions#flash 调用由调用者传递的任何数据
function uniswapV3FlashCallback(
uint256 fee0,
uint256 fee1,
bytes calldata data
) external;
}

// UniswapV3闪电贷合约
contract UniswapV3Flashloan is IUniswapV3FlashCallback {
address private constant UNISWAP_V3_FACTORY = 0x1F98431c8aD98523631AE4a59f267346ea31F984;

address private constant DAI = 0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F;
address private constant WETH = 0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2;
uint24 private constant poolFee = 3000;

IERC20 private constant weth = IERC20(WETH);
IUniswapV3Pool private immutable pool;

constructor() {
pool = IUniswapV3Pool(getPool(DAI, WETH, poolFee));
}

function getPool(
address _token0,
address _token1,
uint24 _fee
) public pure returns (address) {
PoolAddress.PoolKey memory poolKey = PoolAddress.getPoolKey(
_token0,
_token1,
_fee
);
return PoolAddress.computeAddress(UNISWAP_V3_FACTORY, poolKey);
}

// 闪电贷函数
function flashloan(uint wethAmount) external {
bytes memory data = abi.encode(WETH, wethAmount);
IUniswapV3Pool(pool).flash(address(this), 0, wethAmount, data);
}

// 闪电贷回调函数,只能被 DAI/WETH pair 合约调用
function uniswapV3FlashCallback(
uint fee0,
uint fee1,
bytes calldata data
) external {
// 确认调用的是 DAI/WETH pair 合约
require(msg.sender == address(pool), "not authorized");

// 解码calldata
(address tokenBorrow, uint256 wethAmount) = abi.decode(data, (address, uint256));

// flashloan 逻辑,这里省略
require(tokenBorrow == WETH, "token borrow != WETH");

// 归还闪电贷
weth.transfer(address(pool), wethAmount + fee1);
}
}
```
Uniswap V3每笔闪电贷的手续费与交易手续费一致。

#### 3. AAVE V3闪电贷


```solidity
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import "./Lib.sol";

interface IFlashLoanSimpleReceiver {
/**
* @notice 在接收闪电借款资产后执行操作
* @dev 确保合约能够归还债务 + 额外费用,例如,具有
* 足够的资金来偿还,并已批准 Pool 提取总金额
* @param asset 闪电借款资产的地址
* @param amount 闪电借款资产的数量
* @param premium 闪电借款资产的费用
* @param initiator 发起闪电贷款的地址
* @param params 初始化闪电贷款时传递的字节编码参数
* @return 如果操作的执行成功则返回 True,否则返回 False
*/
function executeOperation(
address asset,
uint256 amount,
uint256 premium,
address initiator,
bytes calldata params
) external returns (bool);
}

// AAVE V3闪电贷合约
contract AaveV3Flashloan {
address private constant AAVE_V3_POOL =
0x87870Bca3F3fD6335C3F4ce8392D69350B4fA4E2;

address private constant WETH = 0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2;

ILendingPool public aave;

constructor() {
aave = ILendingPool(AAVE_V3_POOL);
}

// 闪电贷函数
function flashloan(uint256 wethAmount) external {
aave.flashLoanSimple(address(this), WETH, wethAmount, "", 0);
}

// 闪电贷回调函数,只能被 pool 合约调用
function executeOperation(address asset, uint256 amount, uint256 premium, address initiator, bytes calldata)
external
returns (bool)
{
// 确认调用的是 DAI/WETH pair 合约
require(msg.sender == AAVE_V3_POOL, "not authorized");
// 确认闪电贷发起者是本合约
require(initiator == address(this), "invalid initiator");

// flashloan 逻辑,这里省略

// 计算flashloan费用
// fee = 5/1000 * amount
uint fee = (amount * 5) / 10000 + 1;
uint amountToRepay = amount + fee;

// 归还闪电贷
IERC20(WETH).approve(AAVE_V3_POOL, amountToRepay);

return true;
}
}
```

- 计算闪电贷费用:
- AAVE V3 收取借贷金额的 0.5% 作为费用。
- 公式:fee = (amount * 5) / 10000 + 1。
- 计算需要偿还的总金额:amountToRepay = amount + fee。

- 归还闪电贷
IERC20(WETH).approve(AAVE_V3_POOL, amountToRepay);



閃電貸很創新,但我感覺就是包裝起來可以一次性借貸的服務,只是用合約實現真的是很屌,感覺也不是對程式的理解而是對金融的理解,這樣的合約也是很有價值的。 之後還是要複習一下。

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