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CSWebViewJavascriptBridge

一个优雅的hybrid方案:native,JS端两端实现

CSWebViewJavascriptBridge是一套hybrid方案,包括iOS端与Web端的实现,可以为任意webView提供hybrid能力,也可以直接使用webBrowViewController提供的hybrid能力。JS端的依赖脚本提前注入到native的webview中,业务JS中可直接根据业务模块进行调用,扩充。

整体框架如图:

1.Bridge:

Alt text

2.Handler,Action:

Alt text

3.JS

Alt text

说点其他的,hybrid能力分两大类

  1. web主动调用native,native处理完业务逻辑后回调web,web再处理相关业务逻辑;
  2. native主动调用web,web处理完业务逻辑后回调native;

在iOS端可通过UIWebView ,WKWebView进行web业务的展示,基于两种webview的native交互方法不同,本套方案中的JS-native交互使用的不是假跳转,如果native端使用UIWebView,则通过javascriptcore框架来进行hybrid交互,如果native端使用WKWebView,则通过window.webkit.messageHandlers方式来进行交互。

在本方案中,native-JS交互核心功能由CSWebViewJavascriptBridge提供,配合不同的webview提供子类化的业务定制, 比如:CSUIWebViewJavascriptBridge提供UIWebview的hybrid交互,CSWKWebViewJavascriptBridge提供WKWebview的hybrid的交互。

下面来分别讲述本方案中native调用JS,JS调用native的流程及技术实现:

本方案技术实现:

1. JS调用native:

JS中webCallNative方法进行JS对native的业务调用,该方法挂载在CSJSBridgeCore上,调用时传入一个callback作为回调,每次调用时生成一个callbackID与callback映射到一个map中去。然后真正调用根据native端平台的判定,调不同方法。

对于iOS,由于UIWebView,WKWebView的交互通信方法不同,提供不同的交互方案,对于UIWebView,最终调用的是CSJSWebViewBridgeCore.callApp(msg),而WKWebView调用的是window.webkit.messageHandlers.CSJSWebViewBridgeCore.postMessage(msg)

以下是CSJSBridgeCore.js部分实现:

 CSJSBridgeCore.prototype.webCallNative = function(data,callback){
 var msgBody = {};
 msgBody.handler = data.handler;
 msgBody.action = data.action;
 msgBody.data = data.data;
 if(callback){
     msgBody.callbackID = _getCallbackID();
 }
 msgBody.callbackFunction = "jsBridge.callbackWeb";
 msgBody.nativeCallWebFunction = "jsBridge.nativeCallWeb";
 if (callback && typeof(callback) =='function') {
     this.msgCallbackMap[msgBody.callbackID] = callback;
 }else {
     console.log('error!callback is not function');
 }

_callIOSNative

function _callIOSNative(msg){
  var isWkWebView =  window.webkit.messageHandlers.CSJSWebViewBridgeCore ? true : false;
 if(!isWkWebView){
 CSJSWebViewBridgeCore.callApp(msg);
 }else {
 window.webkit.messageHandlers.CSJSWebViewBridgeCore.postMessage(msg);
 }
}

JS通过以上两个方法调用后,native端通过相应实现来接收通信:

1.UIWebView, CSUIWebViewJavascriptBridge:

CSUIWebViewJavascriptBridge.m

- (void)callApp:(id)message
{
    [super callAppNative:message];
}

JSContext注入

- (void)injectJSContext
{
    JSContext *jsContext = [self.webView valueForKeyPath:CSJSContext];
    jsContext [CSJSNativeObject] = self;
    self.jsContext = jsContext;
}

protocol方法定义:与JS约定的底层通信方法callApp定义

@protocol CSJavaScriptProtocolExport <JSExport>

- (void)callApp:(id)message;

@end
- (instancetype)init
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        class_addProtocol([self class], @protocol(CSJavaScriptProtocolExport));
    }
    return self;
}

这样在UIViewView内核下CSUIWebViewJavascriptBridge就收到了JS的callApp的调用,并且通过message收到了调用数据参数,根据数据参数,native进行相关业务的调用。

2.WKWebView, CSWKWebViewJavascriptBridge:

CSWKWebViewJavascriptBridge.m

在WKWebView内核下CSWKWebViewJavascriptBridge通过didReceiveScriptMessage方法接收通信

- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message
{
    [super callAppNative:message.body];
}

与JS约定的对象注入

 WKUserContentController *userContentController = [[WKUserContentController alloc] init];
[userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:self name:CSJSNativeObject];

为了实现web,native两端统一的模块化开发,目前约定JS调用native根据业务模块的划分来进行调用,在JS调用时:

比如在JS端common业务,包括获取native的位置信息,用户信息,调用原生分享等等,这些统一定义为action,getLocationInfoAction,getUserInfoAction,shareAction等,均在模块commonHandler中定义,

另外调用原生showTipAction提示框,refreshAction刷新等这些均在commonUIHandler中定义, 比如:

CSJSCommonHandler.js:

CSJSCommonHandler.prototype = jsBridge;

CSJSCommonHandler.prototype.getUserInfo = function(callback){
    var msg = {};
    msg.handler = 'common';
    msg.action = 'getUserinfo';
    jsCommonHandler.webCallNative(msg, callback);
}

CSJSCommonHandler.prototype.getDeviceInfo = function(callback){
    var msg = {};
    msg.handler = 'common';
    msg.action = 'getDeviceInfo';
    jsCommonHandler.webCallNative(msg, callback);
}

如上getDeviceInfo调用:

jsCommonHandler.getDeviceInfo((data) => {
     
   });

native端根据webView类型不同,根据CSUIWebViewJavascriptBridge或者CSWKWebViewJavascriptBridge收到JS消息后,由基类CSWebViewJavascriptBridge统一处理:

callAppNative:

- (void)callAppNative:(id)message
{
    if ([message isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]])
    {
        CSJSMessage *messageBody = [CSJSMessage messageWithDictionary:message];
        if(![self checkJSMessageParameterValid:messageBody])
        {
            return;
        }
        [[CSJSBridgeActionHandlerManager shareManager] callHandler:messageBody.handler message:messageBody JSCallBackBlock:^(CSJSMessage *message) {
            
            self.nativeCallWebFunction = messageBody.nativeCallWebFunction;
           
            //有回调,处理回调:ios回调js,js中对应的对象及方法,如::bridge.callbackWeb,动态获取,非写死
            if (message.callbackID.length) {
                self.jsCallbackFunction = message.callbackFunction;
                NSString* script = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@('%@');", self.jsCallbackFunction,[message toJavascriptMessage]];
                CSLog(@"callJSWithScript:%@",script);
                [self callJSWithAction:message.action script:script];
            }
        }];
    }
}

native处理JS需要相应的业务处理,处理方案如下:

根据message中参数action,handler来选择对应模块handler中对应action来进行调用,对于如何调用handler,action来派分业务,笔者经过了几种不同的设计方案:

  1. 直接对bridge类增加xxAction category来处理action;

  2. 提前在load方法中注册对应action-actionName的映射,之后调用时通过actionName取映射action来进行调用;

  3. 将action首先通过manager分发到对应handler模块中,再由handler模块来分发到对应的action中,handlers通过plist映射注册到manager中,actions也通过plist文件映射注册到handler中;

方案一通过category来划分业务,略为粗旷,不够细;

方案二通load注册,action越来越多的情况下,对程序启动不太好(load方法在pre-main阶段执行);

方案三是目前使用的方案,即提供了模块化的方案,同时也能进行懒注册,plist方式的映射,岂不赏心悦目?

对于方案三,技术实现如下:

  1. handler由CSJSBridgeActionHandlerManager分发:

//CSJSBridgeActionHandlerManager.m

handler-handlername映射

/**
从CSJSSupportHandlers.plist加载所有JS调native所有handler的,并且通过handlerName,handler映射到内存中,通过动态调用handle模块

@return <#return value description#>
*/

- (NSMutableDictionary <NSString *,id<CSJSHandlerProtocol>>*)supportJSHandlersMap
{
   if (!_supportJSHandlersMap) {
       _supportJSHandlersMap = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:1];
       NSString *mapPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"CSJSSupportHandlers" ofType:@"plist"];
       NSParameterAssert(mapPath);
       NSDictionary *map = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:mapPath];
       [map enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(NSString* _Nonnull handlerName, NSString * _Nonnull handlerClassString, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
           Class handlerClass = NSClassFromString(handlerClassString);
           id handler = [[handlerClass alloc] init];
           if(!handler)
           {
               CSLog(@"handlerClass not exist:%@",handlerClassString);
           }
           else{
               if ([handler conformsToProtocol:@protocol(CSJSHandlerProtocol)]) {
                   //registerHandler:
                   [_supportJSHandlersMap setObject:handler forKey:handlerName];
                   CSJSHandler *jsHandler = (CSJSHandler *)handler;
                   jsHandler.handlerName = handlerName;
               }else{
                   CSLog(@"handler:%@ not conform to protocol:%@",handler, NSStringFromProtocol(@protocol(CSJSHandlerProtocol)));
               }
           }
       }];
       CSLog(@"supportJsHandlerMap:%@",_supportJSHandlersMap);
   }
   return _supportJSHandlersMap;
}

handler调用

- (void)callHandler:(NSString *)handlerName
           message:(CSJSMessage *)message
   JSCallBackBlock:(CSJSCallBackBlock)jsCallBackBlock
{
   id <CSJSHandlerProtocol>handler = self.supportJSHandlersMap[handlerName];
   if (!handler) {
       CSLog(@"error,handler:%@ not register",handlerName);
   }
   else
   {
       if([handler respondsToSelector:@selector(callAppAction:message:jsCallBackBlock:)])
       {
           [handler callAppAction:message.action message:message jsCallBackBlock:jsCallBackBlock];
       }
       else
       {
           NSLog(@"error,handler not respondsToSelector 'callAppActionWithMessage: '");
       }
   }
}

  1. action由CSHandler分发:

CSJSHandler.m

action-actionName映射

/**
从CSJSXXSupportAction.plist加载JS调native某个handler下的所有action的,并且通过actionName,action映射到内存中,通过动态调用action业务

@return <#return value description#>
*/

- (NSMutableDictionary <NSString *,id<CSJSActionProtocol>>*)supportJSActionsMap
{
   if (!_supportJSActionsMap) {
       _supportJSActionsMap = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:1];
       
       NSString *handlerName = [self.handlerName capitalizedStringWithLocale:[NSLocale currentLocale]];
       NSString *plistName = [[@"CSJS" stringByAppendingString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",handlerName]] stringByAppendingString:@"SupportActions"];
       NSString *mapPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:plistName ofType:@"plist"];
       NSParameterAssert(mapPath);
       NSDictionary *map = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:mapPath];
       [map enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(NSString* _Nonnull actionName, NSString * _Nonnull actionClassString, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
           Class actionClass = NSClassFromString(actionClassString);
           id action = [[actionClass alloc] init];
           if(!action)
           {
               CSLog(@"actionClass not exist:%@",actionClassString);
           }
           else{
               if ([action conformsToProtocol:@protocol(CSJSActionProtocol)]) {
                   //registerAction:
                   [_supportJSActionsMap setObject:action forKey:actionName];
                   CSJSAction *jsAction = (CSJSAction *)action;
                   jsAction.actionName = actionName;
               }else{
                   CSLog(@"action:%@ not conform to protocol:%@",action, NSStringFromProtocol(@protocol(CSJSHandlerProtocol)));
               }
           }
       }];
       NSLog(@"supportJsActiomMap:%@",_supportJSActionsMap);
   }
   return _supportJSActionsMap;
}

  1. action真正调用:
/**
JS主动调native,

@param actionName action,如share,getUserInfo,getDeviceInfo
@param message JS传递到native的数据
@param jsCallBackBlock native回调到JS的Block
*/
- (void)callAppAction:(NSString *)actionName message:(CSJSMessage *)message jsCallBackBlock:(CSJSCallBackBlock)jsCallBackBlock
{
   id <CSJSActionProtocol>action = self.supportJSActionsMap[actionName];
   if (!action) {
       CSLog(@"error,action:%@ not register",actionName);
   }
   else
   {
       if([action respondsToSelector:@selector(callAppActionWithMessage:jsCallBackBlock:)])
       {
           [action callAppActionWithMessage:message jsCallBackBlock:jsCallBackBlock];
       }
       else
       {
           CSLog(@"error,action not respondsToSelector 'callAppActionWithMessage:jsCallBackBlock:'");
       }
   }
}

比如 CSGetDeviceInfoAction:

在对应action中处理业务逻辑,处理完之后jsCallBackBlock进行回调,回到CSWebViewJavascriptBridge中进行callback

CSGetDeviceInfoAction.m

- (void)callAppActionWithMessage:(CSJSMessage *)message jsCallBackBlock:(CSJSCallBackBlock)jsCallBackBlock
{
    CSJSMessage *responceMessage  = message;
    //doSth
    
    jsCallBackBlock ? jsCallBackBlock(responceMessage) : nil;
}

callback逻辑如下:

CSWebViewJavascriptBridge.m

 [[CSJSBridgeActionHandlerManager shareManager] callHandler:messageBody.handler message:messageBody JSCallBackBlock:^(CSJSMessage *message) {
        if (message.callbackID.length) {
            self.jsCallbackFunction = message.callbackFunction;
            NSString* script = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@('%@');", self.jsCallbackFunction,[message toJavascriptMessage]];
            CSLog(@"callJSWithScript:%@",script);
            [self callJSWithAction:message.action script:script];
        }
   }];

callJSWithAction即是native调JS方法,在UIWebView,WKWebView中不同实现, 比如UIWebView中

[self.jsContext evaluateScript:script];

该callJSWithAction最终调用JS,调用方法为

jsBridge.callBackWeb(msg);

此时在JS端收到通信调用,大致思路为从之前的callbackID-callback映射map中根据callbackID取出callback,进行callback调用,如此整个JS-Native-JS的整个调用流程结束。是不是很酸爽?

CSJSBridgeCore.js

CSJSBridgeCore.prototype.callbackWeb = function(data){
    var message = JSON.parse(data);
    var callbackID = message['callbackID'];
    var callback = this.msgCallbackMap[callbackID];
    if(callback){
        callback(message);
    }
};

2. native调用JS:

这类业务普遍是native端提供相关事件,web端对native的事件进行注册监听。native一旦事件触发,web端对监听的事件进行响应。 一般监听事件两种:

  1. 为webViewController lifeCycle等方法,如viewWillAppear,viewDidAppear,
  2. 为系统application事件,包括ApplicationWillEnterForeground,ApplicationDidEnterBackground,ApplicationWillResignActive,ApplicationDidBecomeActiv等事件。

调用流程:

  1. native端:对以上两类事件进行监听:

CSWebBrowViewController.m

- (void)addViewControllerlifeCycleEvents
{
  [self.bridge listenEvent:CSJSWebViewWillAppearEvent eventDispatchBlock:^(id data) {
      [self.bridge callJS:CSJSWebViewWillAppearEvent message:nil JSCompletionBlock:^(id message) {
          
      }];
  }];
  [self.bridge listenEvent:CSJSWebViewDidAppearEvent eventDispatchBlock:^(id data) {
      [self.bridge callJS:CSJSWebViewDidAppearEvent message:nil JSCompletionBlock:^(id message) {
          
      }];
  }];
  ******
}

- (void)addApplicationNotificationEvents
{
  [self.bridge listenApplicationEvent:UIApplicationWillEnterForegroundNotification eventDispatchBlock:^(id data) {
      [self.bridge callJS:UIApplicationWillEnterForegroundNotification message:nil JSCompletionBlock:^(id message) {
          
      }];
  }];

  
  [self.bridge listenApplicationEvent:UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification eventDispatchBlock:^(id data) {
      [self.bridge callJS:UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification message:nil JSCompletionBlock:^(id message) {
          
      }];
  }];
}

事件触发后通知JS端,调用JS约定方法:

[self.bridge callJS:UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification message:nil JSCompletionBlock:^(id message) {
          
      }];
jsBridge.nativeCallWeb(msg)

  1. 在JS端的nativeCallWeb实现:

从nativeCallMap中取出对应监听事件event的function,进行回调,当然前提是JS端对该 event事件进行了注册监听,其实这个思路和JS端调用native的callback逻辑类似。

    CSJSBridgeCore.prototype.nativeCallWeb = function (action,data){
       var handler = this.nativeCallMap[action];
       if(handler){
         //不知道如何拿到js回调的结果:如以下执行调用(或者异步操作回调到native也未解决)
      //    jsCommonHandler.registerNativeCall('share',function (data) {
      //     jsCommonHandler.nativelog('callFromNative');
      //     return {};
      //   });
         // var msg = handler(data);
         handler(data);
         var msg = {};
         msg.action = action;
         msg.tip = 'jsCompletion';
         return msg;
      }
  } 

JS注册native监听事件方法:

 CSJSBridgeCore.prototype.registerNativeCall = function (action,handler) {  
 if(handler && typeof(handler) == 'function'){
     this.nativelog(`registerNativeCall action:${action} sucesss`)
     this.nativeCallMap[action] = handler;
 }
}
 

至此,native-JS流程结束。

3.其它

待更新。

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