Merge branch 'astroclubiitk:main' into main

README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,25 @@
 # Astronomy Club IITK Wiki
 
+## Setup
+
+1. Install [Ruby](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/installation/) on your system
+2. Install [Jekyll](https://jekyllrb.com/docs/installation/), a static site generator
+3. Install [Bundler](https://bundler.io/) to manage Ruby dependencies
+4. Clone this repository
+5. Install the dependencies using:
+
+```bash
+bundle install
+```
+
+6. Start the Jekyll server using:
+
+```bash
+bundle exec jekyll serve --livereload
+```
+
+7. Open [http://localhost:4000](http://localhost:4000) in your browser to view the site
+
 ## Credits
 
 A big shoutout to [Patrick Marsceill](https://www.thismodernweb.com/) and team, who developed the [just-the-docs](https://github.com/just-the-docs/just-the-docs-template) theme ❤️.

club/competitions/inter iit.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ nav_order: 4
 <br />
 The [Inter-IIT Tech Meet](#inter-iit-tech-meet) is one of the, if not the most important and prestigeous [competitions](./) the club paritipates in. Participants from 22 IITs compete in this annual showdown to prove their mettle in the fields of science and technology.
 
-Ever since the inception of [Inter-IIT Tech Meet](#inter-iit-tech-meet) in 2012, Astronomy Club has excelled in astro-specific problem statements, achieving podium finishes **every single time**. Be it Messeir Marathon, Data Analysis or Case Studies, the club has never failed to make its mark and have always helped the contingent of IIT Kanpur win laurels year after year. All this motivates us to preserve out legacy and work & prepare even harder than the year before.
+Ever since the inception of [Inter-IIT Tech Meet](#inter-iit-tech-meet) in 2012, Astronomy Club has excelled in astro-specific problem statements, achieving podium finishes **every single time**. Be it Messier Marathon, Data Analysis or Case Studies, the club has never failed to make its mark and have always helped the contingent of IIT Kanpur win laurels year after year. All this motivates us to preserve out legacy and work & prepare even harder than the year before.
 
 ### Tech Meet 11.0
 

observation/night sky/deep sky objects.md

@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ nav_order: 5
 ## Deep Sky Objects
 
 <br />
-In simple terms, any celestial object or a group of celestial objects that is / are not a part of the solar system or individual star is known as a [Deep Sky Object](#deep-sky-objects) (DSO). They're objects of interest among the astronomy community and are treated differently, one of the reasons being that while [tracking](../../astrophotography/tracking.html) the object using an [equatorial](../celestial%20sphere/equatorial.html) mount, you only need to move the mount in the RA axis to make sure that the object is always in frame. The list of DSOs includes but not limited to:
+In simple terms, any celestial object or a group of celestial objects that is / are not a part of the solar system or individual star is known as a [Deep Sky Object](#deep-sky-objects) (DSO). They're objects of interest among the astronomy community and are treated differently, one of the reasons being that while [tracking](../../astrophotography/tracking.html) the object using an [equatorial](../celestial%20sphere/equatorial.html) mount, you only need to move the mount in the RA axis to make sure that the object is always in frame. The list of [DSOs](#deep-sky-objects) includes but not limited to:
 
 - Star Clusters
 - Nebulae
 - Galaxies
 
-In order to know what is what, astronomers have come up with catalogues, "cataloguing" DSOs. Many widely used catalogues include the [Messier Objects Catalogue](#deep-sky-objects) and [NGC Objects Catalogue](#ngc-objects).
+In order to know what is what, astronomers have come up with catalogues, "cataloguing" [DSOs](#deep-sky-objects). Many widely used catalogues include the [Messier Objects Catalogue](#deep-sky-objects) and [NGC Objects Catalogue](#ngc-objects).
 
 ### Messier Objects
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Initially containing only 45 [DSOs](#deep-sky-objects), the yet unnumbered [Mess
 
 > Charles Messier initially wanted to hunt down coments. But due to the relatively rare occurence of comets visible from the naked eye and the abundancec of DSOs, the frustrated Messier created a list of objects that were causing a problem for his hunt of comets.
 
-A list of the most famous Messier Objects, their number and the constellation in which they're found is given below:
+A list of the most famous [Messier Objects](#messier-objects), their number and the constellation in which they're found is given below:
 
 | Number | Name                         | Constellation                                  |
 | ------ | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
@@ -39,10 +39,12 @@ A list of the most famous Messier Objects, their number and the constellation in
 | M27    | Dumbbell Nebula              | Vulpecula                                      |
 | M101   | Pinwheel Galaxy              | [Ursa Major](./constellations.html#ursa-major) |
 | M104   | Sombrero Galaxy              | [Virgo](./constellations.html#virgo)           |
-| M1     | Crab Nebula                  | Taurus                                         |
+| M1     | Crab Nebula                  | [Taurus](./constellations.html#taurus)         |
 | M51    | Whirpool Galaxy              | Canes Venatici                                 |
 | M57    | Ring Nebula                  | Lyra                                           |
 
+You can download the complete list of [messier objects](#messier-objects) from [here](../../assets/docs/observation/night%20sky/deep%20sky%20objects/Messier%20Catalogue.pdf)
+
 ### NGC Objects
 
 The New General Catalogu of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars ([NGC](#ngc-objects)) is **the** most widely used astronomy catalogue published in 1888 by John Louis Email Dreyer. It contains 7,840 objects and supplements to it, known as Index Catalogies (ICs) contain an additional 5,386 objects, making it one of the, if not the most exhaustive catalogues of [DSOs](#deep-sky-objects). Some of the most stunning images of the universe you see or will see ever are the images of one or multiple of these objects.

observation/night sky/magnitudes.md

@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ nav_order: 1
 ## Magnitudes
 
 <br />
-Magnitude is essentially a measure of the brightness of an object. It doesn't have any units of measurement. The lower the magnitude, the brighter the object. The magnitude scale is logarithmic in nature, i.e., a difference of 1 magnitude corresponds to a difference of ~2.5 times in brightness.
+[Magnitude](#magnitudes) is essentially a measure of the brightness of an object. It doesn't have any units of measurement. The lower the magnitude, the brighter the object. The magnitude scale is logarithmic in nature, i.e., a difference of 1 magnitude corresponds to a difference of ~2.5 times in brightness.
 
 The scale was originally invented by the Alexandrian astronomer, Ptolemy, where he classified the objects on a six-point scale. In the northern hemisphere, Vega is one of the brightest stars, earning itself a magnitude of 0. The other stars were classified with Vega as reference.
 
 More recently, the modern logarithmic magnitude scale was adopted and the Sun was placed at an [apparent magnitude](#apparent-magnitude) of approximately -27. The rest of the celestial bodies (and satellites like the ISS) followed suit.
 
 ### Apparent Magnitude
 
-Apparent magnitude is the most widely used type of magnitude. If you have a reference object, whose magnitude is fixed (or known), the magnitude of any other object can be very easily calculated using the following formula:
+[Apparent magnitude](#apparent-magnitude) is the most widely used type of magnitude. If you have a reference object, whose magnitude is fixed (or known), the magnitude of any other object can be very easily calculated using the following formula:
 
 $$
 \begin{equation}
@@ -27,46 +27,46 @@ $$
 
 where:
 
-- $$m_1$$ = Apparent magnitude of the object you're interested in
+- $$m_1$$ = [Apparent magnitude](#apparent-magnitude) of the object you're interested in
 - $$F_1$$ = Flux from the object you're interested in
-- $$m_{ref}$$ = Apparent magnitude of the reference object
+- $$m_{ref}$$ = [Apparent magnitude](#apparent-magnitude) of the reference object
 - $$F_{ref}$$ = Flux from the reference object
 
-Note that the flux referred to here is generally known as intensity in physics, which can be measured in units such as watts per square metre ($$Wm^{-2}$$). You can find the apparent magnitude of some of the popular objects, arranged in decreasing order, in the following table:
-
-| Object             | Apparent Magnitude |
-| ------------------ | ------------------ |
-| Sun                | -26.832            |
-| Full Moon          | -12.90             |
-| Venus              | -4.14              |
-| Jupiter            | -2.20              |
-| Sirius             | -1.46              |
-| Canopus            | -0.72              |
-| Arcturus           | -0.04              |
-| Vega               | +0.03              |
-| Saturn             | +0.46              |
-| Betelgeuse         | +0.58              |
-| Mars               | +0.71              |
-| Altair             | +0.77              |
-| Deneb              | +1.25              |
-| Polaris            | +1.98              |
-| Andromeda (M31)    | +3.44              |
-| Orion Nebula (M42) | +4                 |
+Note that the flux referred to here is generally known as intensity in physics, which can be measured in units such as watts per square metre ($$Wm^{-2}$$). You can find the [apparent magnitude](#apparent-magnitude) of some of the popular objects, arranged in decreasing order, in the following table:
+
+| Object             | [Apparent Magnitude](#apparent-magnitude) |
+| ------------------ | ----------------------------------------- |
+| Sun                | -26.832                                   |
+| Full Moon          | -12.90                                    |
+| Venus              | -4.14                                     |
+| Jupiter            | -2.20                                     |
+| Sirius             | -1.46                                     |
+| Canopus            | -0.72                                     |
+| Arcturus           | -0.04                                     |
+| Vega               | +0.03                                     |
+| Saturn             | +0.46                                     |
+| Betelgeuse         | +0.58                                     |
+| Mars               | +0.71                                     |
+| Altair             | +0.77                                     |
+| Deneb              | +1.25                                     |
+| Polaris            | +1.98                                     |
+| Andromeda (M31)    | +3.44                                     |
+| Orion Nebula (M42) | +4                                        |
 
 {: .fun }
 
-> Objects with apparent magnitude less than
+> Objects with [apparent magnitude](#apparent-magnitude) less than
 >
 > - -4 are visibile when the Sun is high, and can cast shadows at night
 > - +4.5 are visible from IIT Kanpur with naked eye
 > - +7 can be captured using the [Observatory](https://astroclubiitk.github.io/resources/observatory) at IIT Kanpur
 > - +34 are observable in the visible light by the JWST
 >
-> Rumor has it that Naveen can see objects with apparent magnitude less than 10
+> Rumor has it that Naveen can see objects with [apparent magnitude](#apparent-magnitude) less than 10
 
-### Absolte Magnitude
+### Absolute Magnitude
 
-It is a well-known theorum in physics that the intensity is inversely proportional to distance squared. Hence, one can calculate the absolute magnitude of any object if the [apparent magnitude](#apparent-magnitude) and the distance of the object from the observer is known using the following formula:
+It is a well-known theorum in physics that the intensity is inversely proportional to distance squared. Hence, one can calculate the [absolute magnitude](#absolute-magnitude) of any object if the [apparent magnitude](#apparent-magnitude) and the distance of the object from the observer is known using the following formula:
 
 $$
 \begin{equation}
@@ -76,6 +76,6 @@ $$
 
 where:
 
-- $$M$$ = Absolute magnitude of the object you're interested in
-- $$m$$ = Apparent magnitude of the object you're interested in
+- $$M$$ = [Absolute magnitude](#absolute-magnitude) of the object you're interested in
+- $$m$$ = [Apparent magnitude](#apparent-magnitude) of the object you're interested in
 - $$d$$ = Distance of the object you're interested in from you

observation/night sky/star hopping.md

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Coming to the possibly one of the most recognizable [constellation](./constellat
 
 The three stars of [Orion](#orion)'s belt point to the bright orange star Aldebaran in [Taurus](./constellations.html#taurus), the Bull by extending the line 22 degrees in the north-west direction.
 
-Extending the line further by around 14 degrees, we reach the Pleiades ([Messeir](./deep%20sky%20objects.html#messier-objects) 45), a beautiful cluster of stars in [Taurus](./constellations.html#taurus).
+Extending the line further by around 14 degrees, we reach the Pleiades ([Messier](./deep%20sky%20objects.html#messier-objects) 45), a beautiful cluster of stars in [Taurus](./constellations.html#taurus).
 
 The three stars of [Orion](#orion)'s belt also point to Sirius, the brightest star in the [night sky](../night%20sky/), in [Canis Major](./constellations.html#canis-major), the Great Dog, around 20 degrees south-east of the belt.
 

observation/night sky/visibility.md

@@ -10,20 +10,20 @@ nav_order: 1
 
 ### Bortle Dark-Sky Scale
 
-It is a nine-level numeric scale that measures the night sky's and the stars' brightness (naked-eye and stellar limiting magnituded) of a particular location. It quantifies the observability of celestial objects and the interference caused by [light pollution](./visibility.html#light-pollution) and sky glow.
+It is a nine-level numeric scale that measures the [night sky](../night%20sky/)'s and the stars' brightness (naked-eye and stellar limiting [magnitude](./magnitudes.html)) of a particular location. It quantifies the observability of celestial objects and the interference caused by [light pollution](#light-pollution) and sky glow.
 
-John E. Bortle created the scale to help amateur astronomers compare the darkness of observing sites. The scale ranges from class 1, the darkest skies available on Earth, through class 9, inner-sky cities. The following image shows the Bortle classes and illustrates the relation it has to the visibility of celestial objects in the night sky. (Credits: [European Southern Observatory](https://www.eso.org/public/))
+John E. Bortle created the scale to help amateur astronomers compare the darkness of observing sites. The scale ranges from class 1, the darkest skies available on Earth, through class 9, inner-sky cities. The following image shows the Bortle classes and illustrates the relation it has to the visibility of celestial objects in the [night sky](../night%20sky/). (Credits: [European Southern Observatory](https://www.eso.org/public/))
 
 ![Bortle Scale](./../../assets/images/observation/night%20sky/visibility/bortle.jpg)
 
 [IIT Kanpur](https://www.iitk.ac.in/) lies in Bortle class 6. The darkest skies in India are in Ladakh, which is Bortle class 2, where the [Indian Astronomical Observatory, Hanle](https://www.iiap.res.in/?q=centres_iao.htm) and India's first Dark Sky Reserve is located. The lowest Bortle class in the world is 1, which is found in Antarctica. You can use the [Light Pollution Map Info](https://www.lightpollutionmap.info/) to find the Bortle class of any location on Earth.
 
 ### Light Pollution
 
-Astronomy is extremely sensitive to light pollution. Some of the most important factors that affect the visibility of celestial objects are:
+Astronomy is extremely sensitive to [light pollution](#light-pollution). Some of the most important factors that affect the visibility of celestial objects are:
 
 1. **Urban**: Skyglow, i.e., the scattering of light in the atmosphere at night, reduces the contrast between stars and galaxies and the sky itself, making it much harder to see fainter objects. This is the reason that most of the amateur astronomers go to and observatories are located far from urban areas.
 
-2. **Lunar**: The moon is the brightest object in the night sky, especially on a full moon. It can be so bright that it can wash out the entire sky, making it impossible to see fainter objects. Hence, it is usually recommended to observe the night sky during the new moon, unless you are observing the moon itself.
+2. **Lunar**: The moon is the brightest object in the [night sky](../night%20sky/), especially on a full moon. It can be so bright that it can wash out the entire sky, making it impossible to see fainter objects. Hence, it is usually recommended to observe the [night sky](../night%20sky/) during the new moon, unless you are observing the moon itself.
 
-3. **Climate**: Climate is also one of the key factors affecting night sky observation, For example, during winters, fog or smog may hamper your observations or during cloudy weather, the entirety of the sky may be covered. On the flip side, just after rainfall, the sky is usually extremely clear and ideal for [observations](../) and [astrophotography](../../astrophotography).
+3. **Climate**: Climate is also one of the key factors affecting [night sky](../night%20sky/) observation, For example, during winters, fog or smog may hamper your observations or during cloudy weather, the entirety of the sky may be covered. On the flip side, just after rainfall, the sky is usually extremely clear and ideal for [observations](../) and [astrophotography](../../astrophotography).