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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- Required meta tags -->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-1BmE4kWBq78iYhFldvKuhfTAU6auU8tT94WrHftjDbrCEXSU1oBoqyl2QvZ6jIW3" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg py-3 navbar-dark bg-primary fixed-top" >
<div class="container">
<a class="navbar-brand mr-auto" href="#">
<img src="img/Logo.png" class="mr-auto" alt="" height="80px">
</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div style="font-size: medium;" class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
<ul class="navbar-nav mx-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#introduction">Introduction</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#itelos">iTelos Methodology</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#purpose">Purpose Formalization</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#inception">Inception</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#informal">Informal Modelling</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#formal">Formal Modelling</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#knowledgegraph">Knowledge Graph</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#resources">Resources</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<!-- Section 1: Header -->
<div class="container" >
<div class ="row" style="padding-top: 250px; padding-bottom: 150px;">
<div class="col col-6 container-fluid flex-wrap justify-content-between align-items-center">
<div class="ml-auto" style="padding-top: 10%;">
<h1 class="mx-auto display-1 lh-1 mb-3 fw-bolder" style=" font-size:4rem; color:#6c757d" >Making Healthcare Facilities Accessible to People of Trento</h1>
<p class="mx-auto fw-bolder " style="padding-top:3%; color:#6c757d" > A service that lays out the complete healthcare facilities available in the Trentino region that helps the patients discover the most suitable options by covering end-to-end healthcare services based on the individual's background and health status, symptoms, complaints, and preventive medicine needs.
<div class="d-grid gap-2 col-3" style="padding-top: 5%"><a class="btn btn-primary" href="#introduction" role="button">Discover More</a></div>
</div></div>
<div class="col">
<div class="col col 3">
<img src="img/6301.jpg" class="img-fluid hover-shadow rounded d-block mx-auto" alt="Responsive image">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Section II: Introduction -->
<div class="container-flex" style="background-color:#0d6efd">
<div id="introduction" class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col col-3 d-flex align-items-center">
<img src="img/Map_Region_of_Trentino_Alto_Adige.svg" class="img-fluid rounded d-block mx-auto" style="max-width:200%;" alt="Responsive image">
</div>
<div class="col col-9" style="padding-top: 8%; padding-bottom: 8%;">
<p class="text-white fw-bolder">Healthcare is a complex system involving many different facilities and services. In order to improve the accessibility of the system, it is crucial to have a clear organization of the system knowledge. Clarity of the system provides efficient delivery of services when people admit to the right place at the right time.
<br><br>Healthcare systems have different stages based on the course of the disease or emergency. Medical treatment or preventive care along with ongoing therapies and residential places for the elderly, disabled people, and people with special needs such as autism or drug addiction. <br><br>Facilities can be either private or public which means different administrative protocols and differ by the preference of different socioeconomic situations.
Some chronic diseases require consistent check-ups and laboratories and health centers provide the needed tests for the regular care of these people.
Emergencies are particularly a type of category in the healthcare system and the first place to admit is usually a hospital. <br><br>
<p class=" fw-bolder" style="color: rgb(170, 255, 1);">Since Trentino is surrounded by mountains and hiking, alpinism, and skiing are common sports, these types of emergencies and injuries are common cases in the region.
Also considering the elderly population and Trentino as a developed region, elderly care facilities such as Alzheimer's residences and senior diurnal centers play an important role in providing healthcare services to elderly people in the region.</p>
</div>>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Section III: iTelos Methodology and purpose -->
<div class="container" id="itelos">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col col-3 d-flex align-items-center">
<img style="max-width:100%;" src="img/Reuse.png">
</div>
<div class="col col-9" style="padding-top: 8%; padding-bottom: 8%;">
<h2 style="color: #0d6efd"> iTelos Methodology </h2>
<p><br>iTelos mythology provides support to the user in solving all the issues encountered building purpose-specific KGs
while implicitly producing reusable resources, enforcing a circular data (re)use, thus reducing the effort in creating new resources.
<br><br>
iTelos, at different levels of granularity, allows to create and compose KGs representing popularity-based DoI, defined by the purpose used to develop the KGE process.</p>
<p class="fw-bolder">Purpose</p>
<p>A service that lays out the complete healthcare facilities available in the Trentino region that helps the patients discover the most suitable options by covering end-to-end healthcare services based on the individual's background and health status, symptoms, complaints, and preventive medicine needs.</p>
<p class="fw-bolder">DoI</p>
<p>DoI: Azienda Provinciale Servizi Sanitari Trento (Healthcare Service Provider Trento District) leveraging the data sources of Parapharmacy, Healthcare Facilities and Blood Test Center between 2014 and 2016.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Section IV: Purpose Formalization -->
<div id="purpose" class="container-flex" style="background-color: #0d6efd; overflow:auto;">
<h1 class="text-white" style="padding-top: 25px; padding-bottom:25px; float:left;padding-left: 10%">Purpose Formalization</h1>
<img src="img/White_arrow_down.svg.png" height= "15" width="35" style="float:right; margin: 3% 3% 3% 3%">
</div>
</div>
<!-- Scenarios -->
<div class="container-flex">
<div class="container" >
<div class="row">
<div class="col fw-bolder" style="padding-top: 10%; padding-bottom: 5%;">
<h2 style="color: #0d6efd">Scenarios</h2>
<p>Scenarios are related to location where and when the incident happens and people seek
out healthcare services. All of the locations are attached to the file with the inception
sheet.</p>
<ul>
<li>Trento, city center, during the week</li>
<li>Trento, city center, during the weekend</li>
<li>Trento, outside the city center</li>
<li>Mezzolombardo, city center, during the weekend</li>
<li>Folgaria, city center, during the week</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col" style="padding-top: 5%; padding-bottom: 10%;">
<div id="carouselExampleIndicators" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="carousel">
<div class="carousel-indicators">
<button type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-bs-slide-to="0" class="active" aria-current="true" aria-label="Slide 1"></button>
<button type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-bs-slide-to="1" aria-label="Slide 2"></button>
<button type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-bs-slide-to="2" aria-label="Slide 3"></button>
</div>
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="carousel-item active">
<img src="img/Piazza-Duomo_imagefull.jpeg" class="d-block w-100" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img src="img/Piazza-Duomo_imagefull.jpeg" class="d-block w-100" alt="...">
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img src="img/Piazza-Duomo_imagefull.jpeg" class="d-block w-100" alt="...">
</div>
</div>
<button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-bs-slide="prev">
<span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span>
</button>
<button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselExampleIndicators" data-bs-slide="next">
<span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="visually-hidden">Next</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Personas with Tooltips -->
<div class="container d-flex align-items-center">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row align-items-center">
<h2 style="margin-top:35px; margin-bottom:25px; color: #0d6efd">Personas</h2>
<div class="col 1">
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;">
<img style="height: 15rem; object-fit: cover;" src="img/john.jpg" class="card-img-top" alt="...">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">John, 40 years old</h5>
<p class="card-text">
Employee in public administration
overweight person, high blood pressure, pain in the heart
He is admitted to hospital to a
cardiovascular medical examination.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col 1">
<div class="row align-items-center">
<div class="col 3">
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;">
<img style="height: 15rem; object-fit: cover;" src="img/peter.jpg" class="card-img-top" alt="...">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">Peter, 85 years old</h5>
<p class="card-text">Unemployed, Elderly person, Lone person
Lost memory, Social
problems, Depression
He goes to Alzheimer Diurnal Center to
check for alzheimer and dementia forgetting
old friend names and what has been eating
during the day</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col 1">
<div class="row align-items-center">
<div class="col 3">
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;">
<img style="height: 15rem; object-fit: cover;" src="img/jennifer.jpg" class="card-img-top" alt="...">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">Jennifer, 17 years old</h5>
<p class="card-text">
Runner, She regularly
working out for marathons
Numbness in limb,
Loss strength and
dexterity in her leg
During her training sessions, she has
problems with coordination and balance.
She goes to neurology to check up for MS
and diseases.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col 1">
<div class="row align-items-center">
<div class="col 3">
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;">
<img style="height: 15rem; object-fit: cover;" src="img/allen.jpg" class="card-img-top"" alt="...">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">Allen, 32 years old</h5>
<p class="card-text">
Laboratory technician
technician exposed to
radiation regularly
He diagnosed with cancer. He goes to the
polyclinic for chemotherapy.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Competency Questions -->
<div class="container-flex">
<div class="container">
<h2 style="margin-top:35px; margin-bottom:25px;color: #0d6efd">Competency Questions (CQs)</h2>
<div class="accordion accordion-flush" id="accordionFlushExample">
<div class="accordion-item">
<h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingOne">
<button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#flush-collapseOne" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flush-collapseOne">
John has a high blood pressure and fell pang in the heart. He is admitted to hospital to a cardiovascular medical examination
</button>
</h2>
<div id="flush-collapseOne" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="flush-headingOne" data-bs-parent="#accordionFlushExample">
</div>
</div>
<div class="accordion-item">
<h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingTwo">
<button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#flush-collapseTwo" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flush-collapseTwo">
Allen is diagnosed with cancer. He goes to the polyclinic for chemotherapy. </button>
</h2>
<div id="flush-collapseTwo" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="flush-headingTwo" data-bs-parent="#accordionFlushExample">
</div>
</div>
<div class="accordion-item">
<h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingThree">
<button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#flush-collapseThree" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flush-collapseThree">
Peter has both social problems, depression and memory problems. He goes to Alzheimer Diurnal Center to check for alzheimer and dementia. </button>
</h2>
<div id="flush-collapseThree" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="flush-headingThree" data-bs-parent="#accordionFlushExample">
</div>
</div>
<div class="accordion-item">
<h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingFour">
<button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#flush-collapseFour" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flush-collapseThree">
Alex is diagnosed with bipolar disorder and goes to a mental healthcare centre to receive treatment.
</button>
</h2>
<div id="flush-collapseFour" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="flush-headingFour data-bs-parent="#accordionFlushExample">
</div>
</div>
<div class="accordion-item">
<h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingFive">
<button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#flush-collapseFive" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flush-collapseThree">
Antonio also abuses drugs and has addiction problems. He tries to overcome addiction and goes to a anti-drug clinic. </button>
</h2>
<div id="flush-collapseFive" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="flush-headingFive" data-bs-parent="#accordionFlushExample">
</div>
</div>
<div class="accordion-item">
<h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingSix">
<button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#flush-collapseSix" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flush-collapseThree">
Lucia goes to the healthcare centre to have a check up on her pregnancy with an ultrasound scan.
</button>
</h2>
<div id="flush-collapseSix" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="flush-headingSix" data-bs-parent="#accordionFlushExample">
</div>
</div>
<div class="accordion-item">
<h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingSeven">
<button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#flush-collapseSeven" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flush-collapseThree">
Johanna enters labour and goes to hospital to deliver the baby.
</button>
</h2>
<div id="flush-collapseSeven" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="flush-headingSeven" data-bs-parent="#accordionFlushExample">
</div>
</div>
<div class="accordion-item">
<h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingEi">
<button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#flush-collapseEi" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flush-collapseThree">
Mario is admitted to hospital for peripheral arterial disease cause by diabetes type 1.
</button>
</h2>
<div id="flush-collapseEi" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="flush-headingEi" data-bs-parent="#accordionFlushExample">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Entities -->
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="container">
<div>
<h2 style="margin-top:35px;color: #0d6efd">Entities</h2>
<p> Concept of the Entities
<ol>
<li>Person as either patient, patient relative or physician </li>
<li>Buildings as type of facility and >department under certain type of facilities like hospital</li>
<li>Event as admission reason/disease and type of treatment</li>
</ol>
<p>Some of the entities in the purpose formalization</p>
<img style="max-width:100%" src="img/word-cloud (1).png">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Inception Table & Explanations-->
<div id="inception" class="container-flex" style="background-color: #0d6efd; overflow:auto;">
<h1 class="text-white" style="padding-top: 25px; padding-bottom:25px; float:left;padding-left: 10%">Inception</h1>
<img src="img/White_arrow_down.svg.png" height= "15" width="35" style="float:right; margin: 3% 3% 3% 3%">
</div>
<div class="container-flex" style="padding: 10px; margin: 10px 10px 10px 10px">
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<ul>
<li>Since the description of the dataset covers the Trento Provence of Trentino region, the columns with redundant information are cleaned and this information is specified in the report. </li>
<li>In order to navigate the patient to the right healthcare facility, the class facility as either private or public and also type of facility such as diurnal center, hospital, healthcare center etc. were crucial. These information was missing in the dataset and defined by collecting information from the websites of facilities and healthcare authority resources. </li>
<li>While creating the entities in purpose formalization, is the disease/admission reason to hospital emergency or not is defined. </li>
<li>One of the challenges in dataset was that type of facilities were described in Italian. In order to merge with knowledge resources available on schema org, the certain columns in the dataset are standardized in English. </li>
</ul>
</div>
<p class="fw-bolder">Table I: Inception Sheet</p>
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
<thead><tr><th title="Field #1">Scenarios</th>
<th title="Field #2">Personas</th>
<th title="Field #3">Competency Questions</th>
<th title="Field #4">Common Entities</th>
<th title="Field #5">Core Entities</th>
<th title="Field #6">Contextual Entities</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>Rovereto in city center, during the week</td>
<td>John is 40 years old, overweight and works at public institution.</td>
<td>John has a high blood pressure and fell pang in the heart. He is admitted to hospital to a cardiovascular medical examination</td>
<td>location, move, adult</td>
<td>Hospital, Cardiovascular Diseases</td>
<td>heart pain, overweigth, high blood pressure,cardiovascular medical examination</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Riva del Garda, during the week</td>
<td>Allen is 32 years old laboratory technician and he works at a nuclear medicine laboratory and is exposed to radiation regularly.</td>
<td>Allen is diagnosed with cancer. He goes to the polyclinic for chemotherapy.</td>
<td>location, move, adult</td>
<td>Polyclinic, Oncology</td>
<td>cancer, radiation, chemotherapy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Trento in city center, during the week</td>
<td>Peter is 85 years old. He lives alone. He start forgetting old friend names and what has been eating during the day</td>
<td>Peter has both social problems, depression and memory problems. He goes to Alzheimer Diurnal Center to check for alzheimer and dementia.</td>
<td>location, move, elderly</td>
<td>Alzheimer Diurnal Center, Dementia</td>
<td>depression, social issues, alzheimer, forgetfulness, elderly assistant department, residence</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Trento in city center</td>
<td>Jennifer is 17 years old and a runner. She regularly working out for marathons. She start feel numbness causing loss strength and dexterity in her leg.</td>
<td>During her training sessions, she has problems with coordination and balance. She goes to neurology to check up for MS and diseases.</td>
<td>location, move, young adult</td>
<td>Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, MS </td>
<td>coordination problem, neurology, clinical activiy,</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mezzocorona in the city center, during the week</td>
<td>Alex is a 26 years old engineer and he consistently experiences strong mood alterations and pass from a state of starting a lot of activities to a state of isolation and depression.</td>
<td>Alex is diagnosed with bipolar disporder and goes to a mental healthcare centre to receive treatment.</td>
<td>location, move, adult, young adult</td>
<td>Psychiatry, Mental Healthcare Center</td>
<td>social Issues, bipolar disorder, psychiatric assistance</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<h1 class="text-white" style="padding-top: 25px; padding-bottom:25px; float:left;padding-left: 10%">Informal Modeling</h1>
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<p class="fw-bolder"> Decision I:</p>
<p>Since healthcare facilities represent a heterogeneous group of institutions and each institutions may have different parameters, healthcare facilities are presented as subclasses based on the services they offer. </p>
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<p class="fw-bolder"> Decision II:</p>
<p>While Senior Diurnal Center, Alzheimer Diurnal Center, Psychiatric Diurnal Center and Dementia Diurnal Center offer different type of treatment and services to patients; these facilities are shown in the same class as they share common parameters belong to diurnal center. A parameter called “Type of Diurnal Center” helps differentiate the type of the diurnal center in the dataset. </p>
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<p class="fw-bolder"> Decision III:</p>
<p>Similar to Diurnal Center, Community Rehab Center, Temporary Community Center, Minor Community Center, AIDS Community Center, Group Talk Community Center despite offering different type of services represented under the Community Center class. A new variable defined as “Type of Community Center” to reflect the type of the services offered by the facility. </p>
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<p class="fw-bolder" style="margin-top:15px">In order to generalize the model in accordance with the purpose we defined in earlier phases, we aligned reference ontologies with our previously developed teleology. </p>
<p>Diagram includes the final properties included in the datasets after reference ontologies are matched. </p>
<p>In our data sources and knowledge sources covering our purpose; there are 4 types of entities. </p>
<ol>
<li> <p class="fw-bolder">Organization</p>Parapharmacies, healthcare facilities and blood sampling centers are organizations available in our data sources. </li>
<li> <p class="fw-bolder">Patient</p>Patients as a beneficiary of the services provided </li>
<li> <p class="fw-bolder">Practitioner</p>Practitioners as ones providing the services are taken into account leveraging knowledge resources.</li>
<li><p class="fw-bolder">Region</p>Finally, We used Region ontology to map spatial context in our dataset.</li>
</ol>
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<p class="fw-bolder"> Decision IV:</p>
<p>Definition of the region ontology one of the challenging points for us to describe the identifier either as Trento region with code 42 or each town as unique identifier. We decided to use town_id as a unique identifier since it will querying easier and cover our CQs if we want to search particular type of facilities in a given region.
</p>
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<h2 style="color: #0d6efd; margin-bottom: 35px; margin-top:35px;"> Language Alignment</h2>
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<p>In the following paragraph, we explain the procedure we implement for using the Universal Knowledge Core (UKC). This procedure can permit the transformation of Annotation from the informal term present in the teleontology to a formal concept that can have these 3 main characteristics:</p>
<ul>
<li>Representing each informal concept in the teleontology with the unique identifier (GID) from UKC, thus, rendering each concept formal and absorbing conceptual diversity</li>
<li>We align the existing concepts with their equivalents in the UKC Concept Core (CC) and extend the UKC CC by adding (only) the new concepts (with new GIDs), thus, absorbing conceptual as well as language diversity.</li>
<li>Due to the Language Concept (LC), each concept can also be rendered multilingually, thus opening up the possibility to adapt the teleontology in any language or culture.</li>
</ul>
<p> NOTE: original UKC KB states the information if the word has a description already, No means that we defined the word based on our dataset.</p>
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
<thead><tr><th title="Field #1">Word</th>
<th title="Field #2">Description</th>
<th title="Field #3">Original UKC KB</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Laboratory</td>
<td>It is a particular Healthcare Facility similar to a Polyclinic. That means there are present equipment for the diagnosis belonging to various specialist sectors.</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Family_Counselling</td>
<td>It is a particular Healthcare Facility where is provide a type of psychological counseling (psychotherapy) that can help family members improve communication and resolve conflicts</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Province_Healthcare_Center</td>
<td>It is a particular Healthcare Facility specialized in the supply of diagnostic imaging services and specialist visits</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Anti_Drug_Clinic</td>
<td>It is a particular Healthcare Facility where is create a safer and healthier environment through coordinated efforts to prevent use and treat dependency of illicit drugs</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Organization_Blood_Test_Center</td>
<td>Blood Test Center is a facility where a nurse or a doctor take blood sample to be later analyzed for a particular test</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Organization_Parapharmacy</td>
<td>Parapharmacy is a commercial activity, where it is possible to purchase parapharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical products, commonly called SOP and OTC, for which there is no obligation to submit a specific medical prescription</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Everything</td>
<td>a thing of any kind</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Organization_Healthcare_Facilities</td>
<td>building where medicine is practiced</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mental_Health_Center</td>
<td>It is a particular Healthcare Facility specialized in the treatment of mental disorders</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Polyclinic</td>
<td>It is a particular Healthcare Facility with a variety of equipment for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases belonging to various specialist sectors.</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Public_Social_Service_Company</td>
<td>It is a particular Healthcare Facility dedicated to non-self-sufficient elderly people, but also to disabled adults, who need full-time medical, nursing and rehabilitation assistance.</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dialysis_Center</td>
<td>It is a particular Healthcare Facility where they treat renal disease and renal dysfunction problem</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Thermal_Bath</td>
<td>Thermal baths are pools of water with mineral properties at various extreme temperatures that aim to recalibrate your body, relax your mind and recharge your spirit.</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Community_Center</td>
<td>It is a particular Healthcare Facility where set of individuals who share the same environment and forming a recognizable group are united by a common interest, disability, disease, rehab process and therapy</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Multiple_Scelorsis_Clinic</td>
<td>It is a particular Healthcare Facility where is treat the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Psychiatric_Residence</td>
<td>It is a particular Healthcare Facility where patients with psychiatric disorders live while receiving treatment</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Practitioner</td>
<td>Someone who practices a medical profession like a doctor and work in a particular Healthcare structure</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Diurnal_Center</td>
<td>It is a particular Healthcare Facility that ensures that non self-sufficient elderly people are able to carry out daytime activities, with functions of a psycho-social-welfare nature, maintaining the potential and autonomy of the social - personal relationships.</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>has_part_of</td>
<td>Connection between a general spatial location (define by word Everything) to a specific Region</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<h2 style="margin-top:30px;color: #0d6efd">Data Integration</h2>
<p class="fw-bolder">In the data integration part, we encountered several issues from software bugs to some mistakes in the ontology. Using the KarmaLinker software, we imported the ETG file retrieved from KOS and the available datasets.</p>
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<p class="fw-bolder"> Decision V:</p>
<p>We realized that in the former part, there was an issue with the direction of the object properties that was a problem in the data integration. We redefined the data properties with direction shown in the entity diagram for mapping </p>
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<p class="fw-bolder"> Decision VI:</p>
<p>To integrate the dataset with multiple classes, we decided to create multiple columns that contains a unique id for each class. The dataset was the healthcare facilities dataset and the subclasses was types of healthcare facilities like community center, diurnal center, healthcare center and so on. </p>
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<p class="fw-bolder"> Decision VII:</p>
<p>Because patient and practitioner datasets were empty, having empty id column causing some problems with saving the dataset, we created random sample to map the datasets. </p>
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<p class="fw-bolder"> Decision VIII:</p>
<p>Another decision we made was creating a common identifier to merge the columns between datasets. For patient and practitioner we created one column for each dataset/entity type since the identifier information was in different format. An alternative option would be to create a common identifier format for each organization dataset. </p>
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<p class="fw-bolder" style="font-size: 24px;">After mapping the datasets with the final ETG file, we imported data models created in the Karma to GraphDB software to visualize the graph and query the graph.</p>
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</div>
<!-- Section VII: Knowledge Graph -->
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<h1 class="text-white" style="padding-top: 25px; padding-bottom:25px; color: black; float:left;padding-left: 10%">Knowledge Graph</h1>
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<p class="fw-bolder" style="color:#6c757d; font-size: 24px;">Trentino Healthcare Knowledge Graph provides access to type of facilities in different regions and ability to search and filter by the parameters such as pediatric blood sample. Detailed steps in order to create the knowledge graph such as data integration and potential use cases through queries and query results are explained in this section. </p>
<div class="d-grid gap-2" style="padding-top: 5%"><a class="btn btn-primary" href="https://github.com/Morook97/Trentino_Healthcare_KGE_Project" role="button">Download Graph</a>
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<div class="col col-4"><h2 style="text-align:center; font-size: 90px; color: #6c757d;">23</h2><p style="text-align:center; font-size:24px; color: #6c757d;">Total Number of Classes</p></div>
<div class="col col-4"><h2 style="text-align:center; font-size: 90px;color: #6c757d;">6</h2><p style="text-align:center; font-size:24px; color: #6c757d;">Total Number of Object Properties</p></div>
<div class="col col-4"><h2 style="text-align:center; font-size:90px; color: #6c757d;">51</h2><p style="text-align:center; font-size:24px; color: #6c757d;">Total Number of Data Properties</p></div>
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<h2 style="margin-top:30px;color: #0d6efd">Potential Applications </h2>
<p>Using the knowledge graph some potential application area:</p>
<ul>
<li>Querying type of facility (i.e.anti-drug clinics) in a region through string matching in the name of the facility. This can be applied to over ~100% of the facilities since facility name also includes the type of facility in the dataset. Somehow, in the future there may be cases i.e. private clinics can have only names without explicitly stating the type of the facility then this ratio may be declined. Somehow still wide range of the facilities can be accessed through string matching. </li>
<li>Listing the patients admitted to a healthcare facility, parapharmacy or blood test center</li>
<li>Listing the doctors admitted to a hospital</li>
<li>Discovering the healthcare facilities in a selected region </li>
</ul>
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<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom: 30px; color: #0d6efd">Data Sources</h2>
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<a href="#" class="link-primary">Health Analysis Sampling Points @ Trento</a>
<p>List of all sampling points in the area covered by the Provincial Health Services Authority. The address, geographical coordinates, notes and timetable are reported for each office. The telephone number is also provided. Dataset is released on 2014-07-28.</p>
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<a href="https://dati.trentino.it/dataset/parafarmacie-pat" class="link-primary">Parapharmacies @ Trento</a>
<p>List of all parapharmacies operating in the Province of Trento. The address and geographical coordinates are given for each parapharmacy. The source is the Open Data system of the Ministry of Health, the data is processed by APSS. The original data are published by the Ministry of Health with Open Data License v2.0. Dataset is released on 2016-05-18 and last modified by 25-05-2018</p>
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<a href="https://dati.trentino.it/dataset/strutture-sanitarie-dell-azienda-sanitaria-e-convenzionate" class="link-primary">Public Heath Facilities @ Trento</a>
<p>The dataset contains the list of all public health facilities and those accredited with the Provincial Health Services Authority, including the APSP / RSA. For each structure, the address, the geographical coordinates, the type of structure (ambulatory, residential structure….), and the type of activity are reported. Telephone / fax number is provided. The source is the STS.11 model of the Ministry of Health, the data are processed and integrated by APSS. Dataset is released on 2016-05-18 and last modified by 12-04-2021</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom: 30px; color: #0d6efd">Knowledge Sources</h2>
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<a href="https://schema.org/DefinedRegion" class="link-primary">Region</a>
<p>A DefinedRegion is a geographic area defined by potentially arbitrary (rather than political, administrative or natural geographical) criteria. Properties are provided for defining a region by reference to sets of postal codes.</p>
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<a href="https://build.fhir.org/patient.html" class="link-primary">Patient</a>
<p>Demographics and other administrative information about an individual or animal receiving care or other health-related services.</p>
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<a href="https://build.fhir.org/practitioner.html" class="link-primary">Practitioner</a>
<p>A person who is directly or indirectly involved in the provisioning of healthcare or related services.</p>
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<a href="https://build.fhir.org/organization.html" class="link-primary">Organization</a>
<p>A formally or informally recognized grouping of people or organizations formed for the purpose of achieving some form of collective action. Includes companies, institutions, corporations, departments, community groups, healthcare practice groups, payer/insurer, etc.</p>
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