diff --git a/y-octo-node/index.d.ts b/y-octo-node/index.d.ts
index 685a85f..10a5a16 100644
--- a/y-octo-node/index.d.ts
+++ b/y-octo-node/index.d.ts
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ export class Doc {
   createArray(): YArray
   createText(): YText
   createMap(): YMap
-  applyUpdate(update: Buffer): Buffer
-  encodeUpdateV1(): Buffer
+  applyUpdate(update: Buffer): void
+  encodeStateAsUpdateV1(state?: Buffer | undefined | null): Buffer
   gc(): void
   onUpdate(callback: (result: Uint8Array) => void): void
 }
diff --git a/y-octo-node/src/doc.rs b/y-octo-node/src/doc.rs
index 3b9b641..e37ab80 100644
--- a/y-octo-node/src/doc.rs
+++ b/y-octo-node/src/doc.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use napi::{
     bindgen_prelude::{Buffer as JsBuffer, JsFunction},
     threadsafe_function::{ErrorStrategy, ThreadsafeFunction, ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode},
 };
-use y_octo::{Doc as YDoc, History};
+use y_octo::{CrdtRead, Doc as YDoc, History, RawDecoder, StateVector};
 
 use super::*;
 
@@ -85,19 +85,24 @@ impl Doc {
     }
 
     #[napi]
-    pub fn apply_update(&mut self, update: JsBuffer) -> Result<JsBuffer> {
-        self.doc
-            .apply_update_from_binary_v1(update)
-            .and_then(|u| u.encode_v1().map(|v| v.into()))
-            .map_err(anyhow::Error::from)
+    pub fn apply_update(&mut self, update: JsBuffer) -> Result<()> {
+        self.doc.apply_update_from_binary_v1(update)?;
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[napi]
-    pub fn encode_update_v1(&self) -> Result<JsBuffer> {
-        self.doc
-            .encode_update_v1()
-            .map(|v| v.into())
-            .map_err(anyhow::Error::from)
+    pub fn encode_state_as_update_v1(&self, state: Option<JsBuffer>) -> Result<JsBuffer> {
+        let result = match state {
+            Some(state) => {
+                let mut decoder = RawDecoder::new(state.as_ref());
+                let state = StateVector::read(&mut decoder)?;
+                self.doc.encode_state_as_update_v1(&state)
+            }
+            None => self.doc.encode_update_v1(),
+        };
+
+        result.map(|v| v.into()).map_err(anyhow::Error::from)
     }
 
     #[napi]
diff --git a/y-octo-node/tests/doc.spec.mts b/y-octo-node/tests/doc.spec.mts
index 800cf28..d854746 100644
--- a/y-octo-node/tests/doc.spec.mts
+++ b/y-octo-node/tests/doc.spec.mts
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ test("doc test", { concurrency: false }, async (t) => {
     text.insert(2, "c");
 
     let doc2 = new Doc(client_id);
-    doc2.applyUpdate(doc.encodeUpdateV1());
+    doc2.applyUpdate(doc.encodeStateAsUpdateV1());
 
     let array2 = doc2.getOrCreateArray("array");
     let map2 = doc2.getOrCreateMap("map");
diff --git a/y-octo-node/tests/map.spec.mts b/y-octo-node/tests/map.spec.mts
index 0095473..f499766 100644
--- a/y-octo-node/tests/map.spec.mts
+++ b/y-octo-node/tests/map.spec.mts
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ test("map test", { concurrency: false }, async (t) => {
     sub_text.insert(2, "c");
 
     let doc2 = new Y.Doc();
-    Y.applyUpdate(doc2, doc.encodeUpdateV1());
+    Y.applyUpdate(doc2, doc.encodeStateAsUpdateV1());
 
     let map2 = doc2.getMap<any>("map");
     let sub_array2 = map2.get("array") as Y.Array<any>;
diff --git a/y-octo/src/doc/document.rs b/y-octo/src/doc/document.rs
index 148d86e..a180ffc 100644
--- a/y-octo/src/doc/document.rs
+++ b/y-octo/src/doc/document.rs
@@ -220,16 +220,15 @@ impl Doc {
         Ok(doc)
     }
 
-    pub fn apply_update_from_binary_v1<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(&mut self, binary: T) -> JwstCodecResult<Update> {
+    pub fn apply_update_from_binary_v1<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(&mut self, binary: T) -> JwstCodecResult {
         let mut decoder = RawDecoder::new(binary.as_ref());
         let update = Update::read(&mut decoder)?;
         self.apply_update(update)
     }
 
-    pub fn apply_update(&mut self, mut update: Update) -> JwstCodecResult<Update> {
+    pub fn apply_update(&mut self, mut update: Update) -> JwstCodecResult {
         let mut store = self.store.write().unwrap();
         let mut retry = false;
-        let before_state = store.get_state_vector();
         loop {
             for (mut s, offset) in update.iter(store.get_state_vector()) {
                 if let Node::Item(item) = &mut s {
@@ -288,7 +287,7 @@ impl Doc {
             }
         }
 
-        store.diff_state_vector(&before_state, false)
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     pub fn keys(&self) -> Vec<String> {
diff --git a/y-octo/src/doc/store.rs b/y-octo/src/doc/store.rs
index cb5ac95..cea9364 100644
--- a/y-octo/src/doc/store.rs
+++ b/y-octo/src/doc/store.rs
@@ -780,7 +780,6 @@ impl DocStore {
                     let first_block = items.get(index).unwrap();
                     let offset = first_block.clock() - clock;
                     if offset != 0 {
-                        // needs to implement Content split first
                         vec_struct_info.push_back(first_block.clone().split_at(offset)?.1);
                     } else {
                         vec_struct_info.push_back(first_block.clone());
@@ -800,17 +799,10 @@ impl DocStore {
         let mut delete_set = DeleteSet::default();
 
         for (client, nodes) in refs {
-            let ranges = nodes
+            nodes
                 .iter()
                 .filter(|n| n.deleted())
-                .map(|n| {
-                    let clock = n.id().clock;
-                    clock..clock + n.len()
-                })
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-            if !ranges.is_empty() {
-                delete_set.batch_add_ranges(*client, ranges);
-            }
+                .for_each(|n| delete_set.add(*client, n.clock(), n.len()));
         }
 
         delete_set