[Deferred intent] Prevent duplicated / mistaken payment processing of orders

[a-danae]

Problem

We must only attempt to create and confirm an intent for orders with a pending/failed status.

We could check that $order->needs_payment() before processing a payment for this.

There could also be other variables to consider for preventing this behavior, like webhooks processing a payment or changing the order status, or caching that doesn't reflect the actual status of the order.

Acceptance criteria

• Spike: Identify the scenarios where we may mistakenly process a payment.
• Provide fixes for them, or create separate issues if it's more convenient for handling each scenario.

Context

• Issue created from @mattallan 's comment here Implement PE with deferred intent for the card payment method in the classic checkout #2753 (comment)
• We have a logic around this in verify_intent_after_checkout() for the legacy PE integration. It may or may not be relevant when using a deferred intent.
• WooPayments have a couple of classes for around handling this we may use for reference: Duplicate_Payment_Prevention_Service and WC_Payments_Order_Service
• There's an open issue with legacy PE that we may want to consider when working on this issue UPE payments and webhooks have a race condition #2536

[github-actions]

Hi,
This issue has gone 150 days (5 months) without any activity. This means it is time for a check-in to make sure it is still relevant. If you are still experiencing this issue with the latest version, you can help the project by responding to confirm the problem and by providing any updated reproduction steps.
Thanks for helping out.

[github-actions]

This issue has gone 180 days (6 months) without any activity.