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golang-使用os-exec执行命令.html
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<p>go语言用来执行一切系统的命令相对python来说还是有点复杂的，执行命令是一个非常常见的需求，如调用一个系统命令，启一个exe等。</p>
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<h3 id="执行命令并获得输出结果"><a href="#执行命令并获得输出结果" class="headerlink" title="执行命令并获得输出结果"></a>执行命令并获得输出结果</h3><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> cmd := exec.Command(<span class="string">"ls"</span>, <span class="string">"-lah"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> log.Fatalf(<span class="string">"cmd.Run() failed with %s\n"</span>, err)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"combined out:\n%s\n"</span>, <span class="keyword">string</span>(out))</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="将stdout和stderr分别处理"><a href="#将stdout和stderr分别处理" class="headerlink" title="将stdout和stderr分别处理"></a>将stdout和stderr分别处理</h3><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> cmd := exec.Command(<span class="string">"ls"</span>, <span class="string">"-lah"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer</span><br><span class="line"> cmd.Stdout = &stdout</span><br><span class="line"> cmd.Stderr = &stderr</span><br><span class="line"> err := cmd.Run()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> log.Fatalf(<span class="string">"cmd.Run() failed with %s\n"</span>, err)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> outStr, errStr := <span class="keyword">string</span>(stdout.Bytes()), <span class="keyword">string</span>(stderr.Bytes())</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"out:\n%s\nerr:\n%s\n"</span>, outStr, errStr)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">``</span><span class="string">` </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">### 命令执行过程中获得输出</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">`</span><span class="string">``</span><span class="keyword">go</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> stdoutBuf, stderrBuf bytes.Buffer</span><br><span class="line"> cmd := exec.Command(<span class="string">"ls"</span>, <span class="string">"-lah"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> stdoutIn, _ := cmd.StdoutPipe()</span><br><span class="line"> stderrIn, _ := cmd.StderrPipe()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">var</span> errStdout, errStderr error</span><br><span class="line"> stdout := io.MultiWriter(os.Stdout, &stdoutBuf)</span><br><span class="line"> stderr := io.MultiWriter(os.Stderr, &stderrBuf)</span><br><span class="line"> err := cmd.Start()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> log.Fatalf(<span class="string">"cmd.Start() failed with '%s'\n"</span>, err)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">go</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> _, errStdout = io.Copy(stdout, stdoutIn)</span><br><span class="line"> }()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">go</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> _, errStderr = io.Copy(stderr, stderrIn)</span><br><span class="line"> }()</span><br><span class="line"> err = cmd.Wait()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> log.Fatalf(<span class="string">"cmd.Run() failed with %s\n"</span>, err)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> errStdout != <span class="literal">nil</span> || errStderr != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> log.Fatal(<span class="string">"failed to capture stdout or stderr\n"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> outStr, errStr := <span class="keyword">string</span>(stdoutBuf.Bytes()), <span class="keyword">string</span>(stderrBuf.Bytes())</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"\nout:\n%s\nerr:\n%s\n"</span>, outStr, errStr)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="改变执行程序的环境-environment"><a href="#改变执行程序的环境-environment" class="headerlink" title="改变执行程序的环境(environment)"></a>改变执行程序的环境(environment)</h3><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cmd := exec.Command(<span class="string">"programToExecute"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">additionalEnv := <span class="string">"FOO=bar"</span></span><br><span class="line">newEnv := <span class="built_in">append</span>(os.Environ(), additionalEnv))</span><br><span class="line">cmd.Env = newEnv</span><br><span class="line">out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> log.Fatalf(<span class="string">"cmd.Run() failed with %s\n"</span>, err)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"%s"</span>, out)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="预先检查程序是否存在"><a href="#预先检查程序是否存在" class="headerlink" title="预先检查程序是否存在"></a>预先检查程序是否存在</h3><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">checkLsExists</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> path, err := exec.LookPath(<span class="string">"ls"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> err != <span class="literal">nil</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"didn't find 'ls' executable\n"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"'ls' executable is in '%s'\n"</span>, path)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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