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- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/3d1bf5db.3a04e762.js b/assets/js/3d1bf5db.3a04e762.js deleted file mode 100644 index f13cc2ec2d6f..000000000000 --- a/assets/js/3d1bf5db.3a04e762.js +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -"use strict";(self.webpackChunk=self.webpackChunk||[]).push([[3452],{3905:(e,a,t)=>{t.d(a,{Zo:()=>p,kt:()=>h});var n=t(67294);function i(e,a,t){return a in e?Object.defineProperty(e,a,{value:t,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[a]=t,e}function r(e,a){var t=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var n=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);a&&(n=n.filter((function(a){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,a).enumerable}))),t.push.apply(t,n)}return t}function l(e){for(var a=1;a=0||(i[t]=e[t]);return i}(e,a);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(n=0;n=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,t)&&(i[t]=e[t])}return i}var o=n.createContext({}),c=function(e){var a=n.useContext(o),t=a;return e&&(t="function"==typeof e?e(a):l(l({},a),e)),t},p=function(e){var a=c(e.components);return n.createElement(o.Provider,{value:a},e.children)},d="mdxType",m={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var a=e.children;return n.createElement(n.Fragment,{},a)}},u=n.forwardRef((function(e,a){var t=e.components,i=e.mdxType,r=e.originalType,o=e.parentName,p=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=c(t),u=i,h=d["".concat(o,".").concat(u)]||d[u]||m[u]||r;return t?n.createElement(h,l(l({ref:a},p),{},{components:t})):n.createElement(h,l({ref:a},p))}));function h(e,a){var t=arguments,i=a&&a.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||i){var r=t.length,l=new Array(r);l[0]=u;var s={};for(var o in a)hasOwnProperty.call(a,o)&&(s[o]=a[o]);s.originalType=e,s[d]="string"==typeof e?e:i,l[1]=s;for(var c=2;c{t.r(a),t.d(a,{assets:()=>p,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>h,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>d});var n=t(87462),i=t(63366),r=(t(67294),t(3905)),l=["components"],s={id:"maintain-guides-async-backing",title:"Upgrade Parachain for Asynchronous Backing Compatibility",sidebar_label:"Async Backing Upgrade",description:"Steps on how to upgrade a parachain to be compatible with the relay chain's async backing feature.",keywords:["async","backing","parachain","consensus"],slug:"../maintain-guides-async-backing"},o=void 0,c={unversionedId:"maintain/maintain-guides-async-backing",id:"maintain/maintain-guides-async-backing",title:"Upgrade Parachain for Asynchronous Backing Compatibility",description:"Steps on how to upgrade a parachain to be compatible with the relay chain's async backing feature.",source:"@site/../docs/maintain/maintain-guides-async-backing.md",sourceDirName:"maintain",slug:"/maintain-guides-async-backing",permalink:"/docs/maintain-guides-async-backing",draft:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/w3f/polkadot-wiki/edit/master/docs/maintain/maintain-guides-async-backing.md",tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedBy:"Marcin S",lastUpdatedAt:1706015191,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Jan 23, 2024",frontMatter:{id:"maintain-guides-async-backing",title:"Upgrade Parachain for Asynchronous Backing Compatibility",sidebar_label:"Async Backing Upgrade",description:"Steps on how to upgrade a parachain to be compatible with the relay chain's async backing feature.",keywords:["async","backing","parachain","consensus"],slug:"../maintain-guides-async-backing"},sidebar:"docs",previous:{title:"Node Endpoints",permalink:"/docs/maintain-endpoints"},next:{title:"Set up a Full Node",permalink:"/docs/maintain-sync"}},p={},d=[{value:"Async Backing Prerequisites",id:"async-backing-prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Async Backing Terminology and Parameters",id:"async-backing-terminology-and-parameters",level:2},{value:"Phase 1 - Update Parachain Runtime",id:"phase-1---update-parachain-runtime",level:2},{value:"Phase 2 - Update Parachain Nodes",id:"phase-2---update-parachain-nodes",level:2},{value:"Phase 3 - Activate Async Backing",id:"phase-3---activate-async-backing",level:2},{value:"Timing by Block Number",id:"timing-by-block-number",level:2}],m={toc:d},u="wrapper";function h(e){var a=e.components,s=(0,i.Z)(e,l);return(0,r.kt)(u,(0,n.Z)({},m,s,{components:a,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Who is this guide for?",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"This guide is relevant for cumulus based parachain projects started in 2023 or before. Later\nprojects should already be async backing compatible. If starting a new parachain project, please use\nan async backing compatible template such as\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/tree/master/cumulus/parachain-template"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"cumulus/parachain-template")),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The rollout process for Async Backing has three phases. Phases 1 and 2 below put new infrastructure\nin place. Then we can simply turn on async backing in phase 3. But first, some pre-reqs and context\nto set the stage."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"async-backing-prerequisites"},"Async Backing Prerequisites"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For more contextual information about asynchronous backing, see\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-async-backing"},"this page"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Pull the latest version of Cumulus for use with your parachain. It contains necessary changes for\nasync backing compatibility. Latest on master branch of\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk"},"Polkadot-SDK")," is currently sufficient. Any 2024 release\nwill work as well."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"async-backing-terminology-and-parameters"},"Async Backing Terminology and Parameters"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Time for a bit of context before we get started. The following concepts will aid in demystifying the\ncollator side of Async Backing and establish a basic understanding of the changes being made:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Unincluded segment")," - From the perspective of a parachain block under construction, the\nunincluded segment describes a chain of recent block ancestors which have yet to be included on\nthe relay chain. The ability to build new blocks on top of the unincluded segment rather than on\ntop of blocks freshly included in the relay chain is the core of asynchronous backing."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Capacity")," - The maximum size of the unincluded segment. The longer this is, the farther ahead a\nparachain can work, producing new candidates before the ancestors of those candidates have been\nseen as included on-chain. Practically, a capacity of 2-3 is sufficient to realize the full\nbenefits of asynchronous backing, at least until the release of elastic scaling."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Velocity")," - The base rate at which a parachain should produce blocks. A velocity of 1 indicates\nthat 1 parachain block should be produced per relay chain block. In order to fill the unincluded\nsegment with candidates, collators may build up to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Velocity + 1")," candidates per aura slot while\nthere is remaining capacity. When elastic scaling has been released velocities greater than 1 will\nbe supported."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"AllowMultipleBlocksPerSlot")," - If this is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),", Aura will allow slots to stay the same across\nsequential parablocks. Otherwise the slot number must increase with each block. To fill the\nunincluded segment as described above we need this to be ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"FixedVelocityConsensusHook")," - This is a variety of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ConsensusHook")," intended to be passed to\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"parachain-system")," as part of its ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Config"),". It is triggered on initialization of a new runtime. An\ninstance of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"FixedVelocityConsensusHook")," is defined with both a fixed capacity and velocity. It\naborts the runtime early if either capacity or velocity is exceeded, as the collator shouldn\u2019t be\ncreating additional blocks in that case."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"AsyncBackingParams.max_candidate_depth")," - This parameter determines the maximum unincluded\nsegment depth the relay chain will support. Candidates sent to validators which exceed\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"max_candidate_depth")," will be ignored. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Capacity"),", as mentioned above, should not exceed\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"max_candidate_depth"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"AsyncBackingParams.allowed_ancestry_len")," - Each parachain block candidate has a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"relay_parent"),"\nfrom which its execution and validation context is derived. Before async backing the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"relay_parent")," for a candidate not yet backed was required to be the fresh head of a fork. With\nasync backing we can relax this requirement. Instead we set a conservative maximum age in blocks\nfor the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"relay_parent"),"s of candidates in the unincluded segment. This age, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"allowed_ancestry_len"),"\nlives on the relay chain and is queried by parachains when deciding which block to build on top\nof."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Lookahead Collator")," - A collator for Aura that looks ahead of the most recently included\nparachain block when determining what to build upon. This collator also builds additional blocks\nwhen the maximum backlog is not saturated. The size of the backlog is determined by invoking the\nAuraUnincludedSegmentApi. If that runtime API is not supported, this assumes a maximum backlog\nsize of 1.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"phase-1---update-parachain-runtime"},"Phase 1 - Update Parachain Runtime"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This phase involves configuring your parachain\u2019s runtime to make use of async backing system."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Establish constants for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"capacity")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"velocity")," and set both of them to 1 in\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/runtime/src/lib.rs"),".")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Establish a constant relay chain slot duration measured in milliseconds equal to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"6000")," in\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/runtime/src/lib.rs"),"."))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"capacity-velocity",src:t(14668).Z,width:"3024",height:"732"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:3},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Establish constants ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MILLISECS_PER_BLOCK")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"SLOT_DURATION")," if not already present in\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"/runtime/src/lib.rs"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"capacity-velocity",src:t(73294).Z,width:"2744",height:"712"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:4},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Configure ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cumulus_pallet_parachain_system")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime/src/lib.rs")),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"FixedVelocityConsensusHook")," using our capacity, velocity, and relay slot duration\nconstants. Use this to set the parachain system ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ConsensusHook")," property.")),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"consensus-hook",src:t(58503).Z,width:"2818",height:"1704"})),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Set the parachain system property ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"CheckAssociatedRelayNumber")," to\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RelayNumberMonotonicallyIncreases"))),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Associated-Relay-number",src:t(93730).Z,width:"3194",height:"900"}))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Configure ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pallet_aura")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime/src/lib.rs")),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Set ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"AllowMultipleBlocksPerSlot")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"false")," (don't worry, we will set it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true")," when we\nactivate async backing in step 3)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Define ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"pallet_aura::SlotDuration")," using our constant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"SLOT_DURATION"))),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Aura-config",src:t(13257).Z,width:"1964",height:"704"}))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Update ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"aura_api::SlotDuration()")," to match the constant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SLOT_DURATION")),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Aura-spi",src:t(72841).Z,width:"2372",height:"380"}))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AuraUnincludedSegmentApi"),", which allows the collator client to query its runtime\nto determine whether it should author a block."),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Add the dependency ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cumulus-primitives-aura")," to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime/Cargo.toml")," file for your runtime"),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"cargo-toml",src:t(57245).Z,width:"3200",height:"602"}))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"In the same file, add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'"cumulus-primitives-aura/std",')," to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"std")," feature.")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Inside the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl_runtime_apis!")," block for your runtime, implement the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AuraUnincludedSegmentApi")," as shown below."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"unincluded-segment",src:t(979).Z,width:"2686",height:"700"})),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Important note: With a capacity of 1 we have an effective velocity of \xbd even when velocity is\nconfigured to some larger value. This is because capacity will be filled after a single block\nis produced and will only be freed up after that block is included on the relay chain, which\ntakes 2 relay blocks to accomplish. Thus with capacity 1 and velocity 1 we get the customary 12\nsecond parachain block time.")))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"If your ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime/src/lib.rs")," provides a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CheckInherents")," type to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"register_validate_block"),",\nremove it. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"FixedVelocityConsensusHook")," makes it unnecessary. The following example shows how\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"register_validate_block")," should look after removing ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CheckInherents"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"register-validate-block",src:t(67170).Z,width:"2852",height:"354"})))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"phase-2---update-parachain-nodes"},"Phase 2 - Update Parachain Nodes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This phase consists of plugging in the new lookahead collator node."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Import ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"cumulus_primitives_core::ValidationCode")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"node/src/service.rs"))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"import-validation-code",src:t(33650).Z,width:"1676",height:"312"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:2},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"In ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"node/src/service.rs"),", modify ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"sc_service::spawn_tasks")," to use a clone of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Backend")," rather\nthan the original")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"spawn-tasks",src:t(39729).Z,width:"2182",height:"1224"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:3},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"backend")," as a parameter to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"start_consensus()")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"node/src/service.rs"))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"start-consensus-1",src:t(7939).Z,width:"3040",height:"616"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"start-consensus-2",src:t(14005).Z,width:"2890",height:"614"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:4},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"In ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"start_consensus()")," import the lookahead collator rather than the basic collator")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"lookahead-collator",src:t(64937).Z,width:"3192",height:"98"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:5},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"In ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"start_consensus()")," replace the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BasicAuraParams")," struct with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"AuraParams"),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Change the struct type from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BasicAuraParams")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"AuraParams")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"In the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"para_client")," field, pass in a cloned para client rather than the original"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Add a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"para_backend")," parameter after ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"para_client"),", passing in our para backend"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Provide a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"code_hash_provider")," closure like that shown below"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Increase ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"authoring_duration")," from 500 milliseconds to 1500")))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Note: Set ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"authoring_duration")," to whatever you want, taking your own hardware into account. But if\nthe backer who should be slower than you due to reading from disk, times out at two seconds your\ncandidates will be rejected."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Aura-params",src:t(19303).Z,width:"3196",height:"1726"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:6},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"In ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"start_consensus()")," replace ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"basic_aura::run")," with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"aura::run"))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Aura-run",src:t(27317).Z,width:"3190",height:"598"})),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"phase-3---activate-async-backing"},"Phase 3 - Activate Async Backing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This phase consists of changes to your parachain\u2019s runtime that activate async backing feature."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Configure ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"pallet_aura"),", setting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"AllowMultipleBlocksPerSlot")," to true in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"runtime/src/lib.rs"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Aura-allow-multiple-blocks",src:t(88692).Z,width:"1920",height:"678"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Increase the maximum ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"UNINCLUDED_SEGMENT_CAPACITY")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"runtime/src/lib.rs"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Unincluded-segment-capacity",src:t(55716).Z,width:"1274",height:"226"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:3},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Decrease ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MILLISECS_PER_BLOCK")," to 6000.")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Note: For a parachain which measures time in terms of its own block number rather than by relay\nblock number it may be preferable to increase velocity. Changing block time may cause\ncomplications, requiring additional changes. See the section \u201cTiming by Block Number\u201d.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"block-time",src:t(56330).Z,width:"2740",height:"626"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:4},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Update ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MAXIMUM_BLOCK_WEIGHT")," to reflect the increased time available for block production.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"block-weight",src:t(37458).Z,width:"2614",height:"428"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:5},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Add a feature flagged alternative for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MinimumPeriod")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"pallet_timestamp"),". The type should be\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ConstU64<0>")," with the feature flag experimental, and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ConstU64<{SLOT_DURATION / 2}>")," without.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"minimum-period",src:t(83693).Z,width:"2422",height:"814"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:6},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Check parameters: double-check that the relay-chain configuration contains the following three\nparameters (especially when testing locally e.g. with zombienet):")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-json"},'"async_backing_params": {\n "max_candidate_depth": 3,\n "allowed_ancestry_len": 2\n},\n"scheduling_lookahead": 2\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"\u26a0\ufe0f ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"scheduling_lookahead")," must be set to 2, otherwise parachain block times will degrade to worse\nthan with sync backing! \u26a0\ufe0f"),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"timing-by-block-number"},"Timing by Block Number"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"With asynchronous backing it will be possible for parachains to opt for a block time of 6 seconds\nrather than 12 seconds. But modifying block duration isn\u2019t so simple for a parachain which was\nmeasuring time in terms of its own block number. It could result in expected and actual time not\nmatching up, stalling the parachain."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"One strategy to deal with this issue is to instead rely on relay chain block numbers for timing.\nRelay block number is kept track of by each parachain in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pallet-parachain-system")," with the storage\nvalue ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"LastRelayChainBlockNumber"),". 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Later\nprojects should already be async backing compatible. If starting a new parachain project, please use\nan async backing compatible template such as\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/tree/master/cumulus/parachain-template"},(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"a"},"cumulus/parachain-template")),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The rollout process for Async Backing has three phases. Phases 1 and 2 below put new infrastructure\nin place. Then we can simply turn on async backing in phase 3. But first, some pre-reqs and context\nto set the stage."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"async-backing-prerequisites"},"Async Backing Prerequisites"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For more contextual information about asynchronous backing, see\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-async-backing"},"this page"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Pull the latest version of Cumulus for use with your parachain. It contains necessary changes for\nasync backing compatibility. Latest on master branch of\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk"},"Polkadot-SDK")," is currently sufficient. Any 2024 release\nwill work as well."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"async-backing-terminology-and-parameters"},"Async Backing Terminology and Parameters"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Time for a bit of context before we get started. The following concepts will aid in demystifying the\ncollator side of Async Backing and establish a basic understanding of the changes being made:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Unincluded segment")," - From the perspective of a parachain block under construction, the\nunincluded segment describes a chain of recent block ancestors which have yet to be included on\nthe relay chain. The ability to build new blocks on top of the unincluded segment rather than on\ntop of blocks freshly included in the relay chain is the core of asynchronous backing."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Capacity")," - The maximum size of the unincluded segment. The longer this is, the farther ahead a\nparachain can work, producing new candidates before the ancestors of those candidates have been\nseen as included on-chain. Practically, a capacity of 2-3 is sufficient to realize the full\nbenefits of asynchronous backing, at least until the release of elastic scaling."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Velocity")," - The base rate at which a parachain should produce blocks. A velocity of 1 indicates\nthat 1 parachain block should be produced per relay chain block. In order to fill the unincluded\nsegment with candidates, collators may build up to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Velocity + 1")," candidates per aura slot while\nthere is remaining capacity. When elastic scaling has been released velocities greater than 1 will\nbe supported."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"AllowMultipleBlocksPerSlot")," - If this is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),", Aura will allow slots to stay the same across\nsequential parablocks. Otherwise the slot number must increase with each block. To fill the\nunincluded segment as described above we need this to be ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"FixedVelocityConsensusHook")," - This is a variety of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ConsensusHook")," intended to be passed to\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"parachain-system")," as part of its ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Config"),". It is triggered on initialization of a new runtime. An\ninstance of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"FixedVelocityConsensusHook")," is defined with both a fixed capacity and velocity. It\naborts the runtime early if either capacity or velocity is exceeded, as the collator shouldn\u2019t be\ncreating additional blocks in that case."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"AsyncBackingParams.max_candidate_depth")," - This parameter determines the maximum unincluded\nsegment depth the relay chain will support. Candidates sent to validators which exceed\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"max_candidate_depth")," will be ignored. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Capacity"),", as mentioned above, should not exceed\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"max_candidate_depth"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"AsyncBackingParams.allowed_ancestry_len")," - Each parachain block candidate has a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"relay_parent"),"\nfrom which its execution and validation context is derived. Before async backing the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"relay_parent")," for a candidate not yet backed was required to be the fresh head of a fork. With\nasync backing we can relax this requirement. Instead we set a conservative maximum age in blocks\nfor the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"relay_parent"),"s of candidates in the unincluded segment. This age, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"allowed_ancestry_len"),"\nlives on the relay chain and is queried by parachains when deciding which block to build on top\nof."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Lookahead Collator")," - A collator for Aura that looks ahead of the most recently included\nparachain block when determining what to build upon. This collator also builds additional blocks\nwhen the maximum backlog is not saturated. The size of the backlog is determined by invoking the\nAuraUnincludedSegmentApi. If that runtime API is not supported, this assumes a maximum backlog\nsize of 1.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"prerequisite"},"Prerequisite"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The relay chain needs to have async backing enabled so double-check that the relay-chain configuration\ncontains the following three parameters (especially when testing locally e.g. with zombienet):"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-json"},'"async_backing_params": {\n "max_candidate_depth": 3,\n "allowed_ancestry_len": 2\n},\n"scheduling_lookahead": 2\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"\u26a0\ufe0f ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"scheduling_lookahead")," must be set to 2, otherwise parachain block times will degrade to worse\nthan with sync backing! \u26a0\ufe0f"),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"phase-1---update-parachain-runtime"},"Phase 1 - Update Parachain Runtime"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This phase involves configuring your parachain\u2019s runtime to make use of async backing system."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Establish constants for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"capacity")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"velocity")," and set both of them to 1 in\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/runtime/src/lib.rs"),".")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Establish a constant relay chain slot duration measured in milliseconds equal to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"6000")," in\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/runtime/src/lib.rs"),"."))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"capacity-velocity",src:t(14668).Z,width:"3024",height:"732"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:3},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Establish constants ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MILLISECS_PER_BLOCK")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"SLOT_DURATION")," if not already present in\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"/runtime/src/lib.rs"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"capacity-velocity",src:t(73294).Z,width:"2744",height:"712"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:4},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Configure ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cumulus_pallet_parachain_system")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime/src/lib.rs")),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Define a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"FixedVelocityConsensusHook")," using our capacity, velocity, and relay slot duration\nconstants. Use this to set the parachain system ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ConsensusHook")," property.")),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"consensus-hook",src:t(58503).Z,width:"2818",height:"1704"})),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Set the parachain system property ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"CheckAssociatedRelayNumber")," to\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"RelayNumberMonotonicallyIncreases"))),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Associated-Relay-number",src:t(93730).Z,width:"3194",height:"900"}))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Configure ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pallet_aura")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime/src/lib.rs")),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Set ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"AllowMultipleBlocksPerSlot")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"false")," (don't worry, we will set it to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"true")," when we\nactivate async backing in step 3)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Define ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"pallet_aura::SlotDuration")," using our constant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"SLOT_DURATION"))),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Aura-config",src:t(13257).Z,width:"1964",height:"704"}))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Update ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"aura_api::SlotDuration()")," to match the constant ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"SLOT_DURATION")),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Aura-spi",src:t(72841).Z,width:"2372",height:"380"}))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Implement the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AuraUnincludedSegmentApi"),", which allows the collator client to query its runtime\nto determine whether it should author a block."),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Add the dependency ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cumulus-primitives-aura")," to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime/Cargo.toml")," file for your runtime"),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"cargo-toml",src:t(57245).Z,width:"3200",height:"602"}))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"In the same file, add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'"cumulus-primitives-aura/std",')," to the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"std")," feature.")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Inside the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"impl_runtime_apis!")," block for your runtime, implement the\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AuraUnincludedSegmentApi")," as shown below."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"unincluded-segment",src:t(979).Z,width:"2686",height:"700"})),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Important note: With a capacity of 1 we have an effective velocity of \xbd even when velocity is\nconfigured to some larger value. This is because capacity will be filled after a single block\nis produced and will only be freed up after that block is included on the relay chain, which\ntakes 2 relay blocks to accomplish. Thus with capacity 1 and velocity 1 we get the customary 12\nsecond parachain block time.")))),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"If your ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"runtime/src/lib.rs")," provides a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CheckInherents")," type to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"register_validate_block"),",\nremove it. ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"FixedVelocityConsensusHook")," makes it unnecessary. The following example shows how\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"register_validate_block")," should look after removing ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"CheckInherents"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"register-validate-block",src:t(67170).Z,width:"2852",height:"354"})))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"phase-2---update-parachain-nodes"},"Phase 2 - Update Parachain Nodes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This phase consists of plugging in the new lookahead collator node."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Import ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"cumulus_primitives_core::ValidationCode")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"node/src/service.rs"))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"import-validation-code",src:t(33650).Z,width:"1676",height:"312"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:2},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"In ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"node/src/service.rs"),", modify ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"sc_service::spawn_tasks")," to use a clone of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Backend")," rather\nthan the original")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"spawn-tasks",src:t(39729).Z,width:"2182",height:"1224"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:3},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Add ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"backend")," as a parameter to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"start_consensus()")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"node/src/service.rs"))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"start-consensus-1",src:t(7939).Z,width:"3040",height:"616"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"start-consensus-2",src:t(14005).Z,width:"2890",height:"614"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:4},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"In ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"start_consensus()")," import the lookahead collator rather than the basic collator")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"lookahead-collator",src:t(64937).Z,width:"3192",height:"98"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:5},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"In ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"start_consensus()")," replace the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BasicAuraParams")," struct with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"AuraParams"),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"li"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Change the struct type from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"BasicAuraParams")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"AuraParams")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"In the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"para_client")," field, pass in a cloned para client rather than the original"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Add a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"para_backend")," parameter after ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"para_client"),", passing in our para backend"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Provide a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"code_hash_provider")," closure like that shown below"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Increase ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"authoring_duration")," from 500 milliseconds to 1500")))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Note: Set ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"authoring_duration")," to whatever you want, taking your own hardware into account. But if\nthe backer who should be slower than you due to reading from disk, times out at two seconds your\ncandidates will be rejected."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Aura-params",src:t(19303).Z,width:"3196",height:"1726"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:6},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"In ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"start_consensus()")," replace ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"basic_aura::run")," with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"aura::run"))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Aura-run",src:t(27317).Z,width:"3190",height:"598"})),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"phase-3---activate-async-backing"},"Phase 3 - Activate Async Backing"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This phase consists of changes to your parachain\u2019s runtime that activate async backing feature."),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Configure ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"pallet_aura"),", setting ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"AllowMultipleBlocksPerSlot")," to true in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"runtime/src/lib.rs"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Aura-allow-multiple-blocks",src:t(88692).Z,width:"1920",height:"678"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Increase the maximum ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"UNINCLUDED_SEGMENT_CAPACITY")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"runtime/src/lib.rs"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"Unincluded-segment-capacity",src:t(55716).Z,width:"1274",height:"226"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:3},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Decrease ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MILLISECS_PER_BLOCK")," to 6000.")),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Note: For a parachain which measures time in terms of its own block number rather than by relay\nblock number it may be preferable to increase velocity. Changing block time may cause\ncomplications, requiring additional changes. See the section \u201cTiming by Block Number\u201d.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"block-time",src:t(56330).Z,width:"2740",height:"626"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:4},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Update ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MAXIMUM_BLOCK_WEIGHT")," to reflect the increased time available for block production.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"block-weight",src:t(37458).Z,width:"2614",height:"428"})),(0,r.kt)("ol",{start:5},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Add a feature flagged alternative for ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"MinimumPeriod")," in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"pallet_timestamp"),". The type should be\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ConstU64<0>")," with the feature flag experimental, and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"ConstU64<{SLOT_DURATION / 2}>")," without.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"minimum-period",src:t(83693).Z,width:"2422",height:"814"})),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"timing-by-block-number"},"Timing by Block Number"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"With asynchronous backing it will be possible for parachains to opt for a block time of 6 seconds\nrather than 12 seconds. But modifying block duration isn\u2019t so simple for a parachain which was\nmeasuring time in terms of its own block number. It could result in expected and actual time not\nmatching up, stalling the parachain."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"One strategy to deal with this issue is to instead rely on relay chain block numbers for timing.\nRelay block number is kept track of by each parachain in ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pallet-parachain-system")," with the storage\nvalue ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"LastRelayChainBlockNumber"),". This value can be obtained and used wherever timing based on\nblock number is needed."))}h.isMDXComponent=!0},88692:(e,a,t)=>{t.d(a,{Z:()=>n});const n=t.p+"assets/images/async-backing-allow-multiple-12827c5ae8be763b2b2ec5b16ba59ece.png"},93730:(e,a,t)=>{t.d(a,{Z:()=>n});const n=t.p+"assets/images/async-backing-associated-relay-57246a3cb56d0030314ca79fef4b9ce0.png"},72841:(e,a,t)=>{t.d(a,{Z:()=>n});const n=t.p+"assets/images/async-backing-aura-api-32badf8707637f9b9b344d42c7056132.png"},19303:(e,a,t)=>{t.d(a,{Z:()=>n});const n=t.p+"assets/images/async-backing-aura-params-b3ddee0fd3fdb97a624bbfe6aba4a1c2.png"},27317:(e,a,t)=>{t.d(a,{Z:()=>n});const n=t.p+"assets/images/async-backing-aura-run-12845909492ef12ee7c65b411f2eb21c.png"},56330:(e,a,t)=>{t.d(a,{Z:()=>n});const n=t.p+"assets/images/async-backing-block-time-f377d59fc54bd7da4bc40ffda9a5bb42.png"},14668:(e,a,t)=>{t.d(a,{Z:()=>n});const 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e={1303:0,532:0};r.f.j=(d,f)=>{var a=r.o(e,d)?e[d]:void 0;if(0!==a)if(a)f.push(a[2]);else if(/^(1303|532)$/.test(d))e[d]=0;else{var b=new Promise(((f,b)=>a=e[d]=[f,b]));f.push(a[2]=b);var c=r.p+r.u(d),t=new Error;r.l(c,(f=>{if(r.o(e,d)&&(0!==(a=e[d])&&(e[d]=void 0),a)){var b=f&&("load"===f.type?"missing":f.type),c=f&&f.target&&f.target.src;t.message="Loading chunk "+d+" failed.\n("+b+": "+c+")",t.name="ChunkLoadError",t.type=b,t.request=c,a[1](t)}}),"chunk-"+d,d)}},r.O.j=d=>0===e[d];var d=(d,f)=>{var a,b,[c,t,o]=f,n=0;if(c.some((d=>0!==e[d]))){for(a in t)r.o(t,a)&&(r.m[a]=t[a]);if(o)var i=o(r)}for(d&&d(f);n - + @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ communication channels of core team members, and gain access to Polkadot events.

There are many ways you can get involved in expanding Polkadot’s ecosystem, such as:

  • Contributing code and documentation related to the ecosystem
  • Speaking about Polkadot at events, workshops, and meetups
  • Writing blog posts
  • Representing Polkadot in your region
  • Mentoring and onboarding newcomers
  • Identifying partnerships and opportunities for the Polkadot ecosystem
  • Participating in calls and tasks that help drive the ecosystem forward

How to apply:​

To become a Polkadot Ambassador, please fill out your application here.

Find out more about the programme and how to join here.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/apps-index.html b/docs/apps-index.html index 5191f8323059..df69fa904c58 100644 --- a/docs/apps-index.html +++ b/docs/apps-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

Apps

Explore the different applications in the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/bug-bounty.html b/docs/bug-bounty.html index 5a12835905b0..c31da2fadef4 100644 --- a/docs/bug-bounty.html +++ b/docs/bug-bounty.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ not to be disruptive or harmful to our users or us. Otherwise, your actions might be interpreted as an attack rather than an effort to be helpful.

How to report a bug​

Please follow the instructions at web3.foundation/security-report/.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-client-index.html b/docs/build-client-index.html index 2ea653d468f7..ffbb73f72c0b 100644 --- a/docs/build-client-index.html +++ b/docs/build-client-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

Client-side Development

Learn about different options for building client-side apps on Polkadot.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-dapp.html b/docs/build-dapp.html index 22f3646900c1..065f072c8c0f 100644 --- a/docs/build-dapp.html +++ b/docs/build-dapp.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ see the tooling page for a detailed overview of different SDKs and libraries that are available.

Frameworks & Toolkits​

For front-end applications, several options exist for interfacing with Substrate-based chains (parachains, relay chains, etc.) and smart contracts. These often will interact with the RPC of a Substrate node:

Promise and RxJS APIs around Polkadot and Substrate-based chains via RPC calls. It is dynamically generated based on what the Substrate runtime provides regarding metadata. Full documentation & examples available here.
- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-data.html b/docs/build-data.html index 8ef8ef1ea198..f07b417f6dc3 100644 --- a/docs/build-data.html +++ b/docs/build-data.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ for details on how to access the data.

Block Explorers​

As you can imagine, blockchain explorers also offer data analytics through an interface where users can examine common data points.

Some block explorers in the Polkadot ecosystem are listed on the tools page.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-guide.html b/docs/build-guide.html index 96d384ca0a84..734dea0ecf24 100644 --- a/docs/build-guide.html +++ b/docs/build-guide.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ (parachains, relay chains, etc.) and smart contracts. These often will interact with the RPC of a Substrate node.

Please visit the full documentation for developing dApps and other general client-side development resources.

For a complete list of tools, please take a look here: Tools, APIs, and Languages

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-hackathon.html b/docs/build-hackathon.html index cc15ae496f23..e6a455c151cb 100644 --- a/docs/build-hackathon.html +++ b/docs/build-hackathon.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ that can be a feature of you hackathon or suggested prerequisite for those joining to use.

Support / Contact​

If you have any questions regarding organizing a hackathon, please free feel to contact us by email or ask us via Element chat.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-hrmp-channels.html b/docs/build-hrmp-channels.html index 9f77da074d6f..cc440595d00c 100644 --- a/docs/build-hrmp-channels.html +++ b/docs/build-hrmp-channels.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ forceOpenHrmpChannel calls.

Opening HRMP Channels Between Two System Parachains​

As of Polkadot and Kusama runtimes 1,001,000, anyone can call an establishSystemChannel extrinsic with two system parachains as arguments in order to establish a channel from the given sender to receiver.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-index.html b/docs/build-index.html index 8e87248ac706..6be85ec27a9c 100644 --- a/docs/build-index.html +++ b/docs/build-index.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ are building.

Grants​

  • Grants - Information regarding grants and funding sources available in the Polkadot ecosystem.

PCPs​

Polkadot Contracts Proposals (PCPs) are standards for smart contracts in the Polkadot ecosystem.

Hackathon​

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-integrate-assets.html b/docs/build-integrate-assets.html index 6bb7ae751be2..9efe8f01d296 100644 --- a/docs/build-integrate-assets.html +++ b/docs/build-integrate-assets.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ can be claimed).

A great resource to learn more about Error Management in XCM is the Polkadot blog post from Gavin Wood, XCM Part III: Execution and Error Management.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-integration.html b/docs/build-integration.html index fc31f0eb5a25..b87fc1da2756 100644 --- a/docs/build-integration.html +++ b/docs/build-integration.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ transactions. Parity and Web3 Foundation will be able to provide the best support if you use these tools.

If your team would like support, join some of our community channels or contact support@polkadot.network.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-light-clients.html b/docs/build-light-clients.html index 5cab22631ddf..0316682c7b87 100644 --- a/docs/build-light-clients.html +++ b/docs/build-light-clients.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ end-users to interact with applications connected to multiple blockchains or connect their own blockchains to applications that support it.

note

Substrate Connect will auto-detect whether a user is using the extension. If not, the Wasm light client will be created in-page for them.

Resources​

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-network-index.html b/docs/build-network-index.html index 44ebc327e505..992823069fcd 100644 --- a/docs/build-network-index.html +++ b/docs/build-network-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

Development Networks & Node Management

Learn how to get started with building parachains, solo-chains, and other aspects of protocol development.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-network-overview.html b/docs/build-network-overview.html index 0eebcfdf0496..ebc30f029f23 100644 --- a/docs/build-network-overview.html +++ b/docs/build-network-overview.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ here.

For other programmatic ways of interacting with these networks (including PolkadotJS), please view the Node Interactions page.

Testnet Faucets​

Almost all tesnets either have a web-based interface for getting test currency or a Matrix room which you can post !drip <ADDRESS>

See here for all available faucets and how to obtain testnet tokens.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-node-interaction.html b/docs/build-node-interaction.html index 95866c929a05..2293939787cc 100644 --- a/docs/build-node-interaction.html +++ b/docs/build-node-interaction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ block by the block author.

{
   "number":"7409038",
   "hash":"0x0e9610f3c89fac046ef83aa625ad414d5403031faa026b7ab2a918184e389968",
   "parentHash":"0xba308541eb207bc639f36d392706309a031c21622f883fb07411060389c5ffdd",
   "stateRoot":"0x4426383b64a944ad7222a4019aefd558c749da0c6920cfcdfd587741d54abbe2",
   "extrinsicsRoot":"0x74749e5f5aeb610bc23fd6d8d79fd8bbf5e4b6053f70ba94ea6b3cc271df4b3a",
   "authorId":"Fvvz6Ej1D5ZR5ZTK1vE1dCjBvkbxE1VncptEtmFaecXe4PF",
   "logs":[
      {
         "type":"PreRuntime",
         "index":"6",
         "value":[
            "BABE",
            "0x023a0200009c7d191000000000"
         ]
      },
      {
         "type":"Seal",
         "index":"5",
         "value":[
            "BABE",
            "0x2296a50fa4fea3a46a95ad5b1f09de76d22c6ed3dc6755718c976e2d14c63e4dd3c6257813d9bdc03bb180b1e20393f1558ae1204982e5c7570df393e11f908b"
         ]
      }
   ],
   "onInitialize":{
      "events":[

      ]
   },
   "extrinsics":[
      {
         "method":{
            "pallet":"timestamp",
            "method":"set"
         },
         "signature":null,
         "nonce":null,
         "args":{
            "now":"1620636072000"
         },
         "tip":null,
         "hash":"0x8b853f49b6543e4fcbc796ad3574ea5601d2869d80629e080e501da4cb7b74b4",
         "info":{

         },
         "events":[
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"system",
                  "method":"ExtrinsicSuccess"
               },
               "data":[
                  {
                     "weight":"185253000",
                     "class":"Mandatory",
                     "paysFee":"Yes"
                  }
               ]
            }
         ],
         "success":true,
         "paysFee":false
      },
      {
         "method":{
            "pallet":"balances",
            "method":"transfer"
         },
         "signature":{
            "signature":"0x94b63112648e8e692f0076fa1ccab3a04510c269d1392c1df2560503865e144e3afd578f1e37e98063b64b98a77a89a9cdc8ade579dcac0984e78d90646a052001",
            "signer":{
               "id":"Gr5sBB1EgdmQ7FG3Ud2BdECWQTMDXNgGPfdHMMtDsmT4Dj3"
            }
         },
         "nonce":"12",
         "args":{
            "dest":{
               "id":"J6ksma2jVeHRcRoYPZBkJRzRbckys7oSmgvjKLrVbj1U8bE"
            },
            "value":"100000000"
         },
         "tip":"0",
         "hash":"0xfbc5e5de75d64abe5aa3ee9272a3112b3ce53710664f6f2b9416b2ffda8799c2",
         "info":{
            "weight":"201217000",
            "class":"Normal",
            "partialFee":"2583332634"
         },
         "events":[
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"balances",
                  "method":"Transfer"
               },
               "data":[
                  "Gr5sBB1EgdmQ7FG3Ud2BdECWQTMDXNgGPfdHMMtDsmT4Dj3",
                  "J6ksma2jVeHRcRoYPZBkJRzRbckys7oSmgvjKLrVbj1U8bE",
                  "100000000"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"balances",
                  "method":"Deposit"
               },
               "data":[
                  "Fvvz6Ej1D5ZR5ZTK1vE1dCjBvkbxE1VncptEtmFaecXe4PF",
                  "2583332634"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"system",
                  "method":"ExtrinsicSuccess"
               },
               "data":[
                  {
                     "weight":"201217000",
                     "class":"Normal",
                     "paysFee":"Yes"
                  }
               ]
            }
         ],
         "success":true,
         "paysFee":true
      },
      {
         "method":{
            "pallet":"utility",
            "method":"batch"
         },
         "signature":{
            "signature":"0x8aa2fc3f0cff52533745679523705720cff42d0e7258b9797feed193deb0ca73474726e148af0a0b096d44c07f20e5292819ec92279cffb2897e95cc337e638e",
            "signer":{
               "id":"F4gmSZGiM9pMYPsKW7xnGktDr4zRmN2jqy5Ze678y9YWR7F"
            }
         },
         "nonce":"687",
         "args":{
            "calls":[
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"Cfish3zJiFnTvR9jscCap7imeA9ep3cH1wZfcZwAp2gdZHo",
                     "era":"2229"
                  }
               },
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"Cfish3zJiFnTvR9jscCap7imeA9ep3cH1wZfcZwAp2gdZHo",
                     "era":"2230"
                  }
               },
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"Cfish3zJiFnTvR9jscCap7imeA9ep3cH1wZfcZwAp2gdZHo",
                     "era":"2231"
                  }
               },
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"DifishR4auphofhzxsy2aupgYo4NaUECH7qgt71CgiB2o6P",
                     "era":"2231"
                  }
               },
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"J1fishfH94nFZLNScHgC2HorWpFD2xdPxd96wtTCHLvKxfa",
                     "era":"2231"
                  }
               }
            ]
         },
         "tip":"0",
         "hash":"0x69171ec3f4e5e4dfd27f4d1c5b5dbc884932c5d9a078c84495bb7ab875c8785f",
         "info":{
            "weight":"629782467000",
            "class":"Normal",
            "partialFee":"5150837715"
         },
         "events":[
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"staking",
                  "method":"Reward"
               },
               "data":[
                  "Cfish3zJiFnTvR9jscCap7imeA9ep3cH1wZfcZwAp2gdZHo",
                  "40730624074"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"staking",
                  "method":"Reward"
               },
               "data":[
                  "FhLcXuFkTwyc3o9K82VBahpain1YHWyGeNMDTTyeDJKfm5b",
                  "4296071738"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"staking",
                  "method":"Reward"
               },
               "data":[
                  "F1NyXFUayqmVMdjNK45hcaTCE3JiqdU83sEGhQ3HQXn2Rpq",
                  "1770904403"
               ]
            },

            // ...

            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"utility",
                  "method":"BatchCompleted"
               },
               "data":[

               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"balances",
                  "method":"Deposit"
               },
               "data":[
                  "Fvvz6Ej1D5ZR5ZTK1vE1dCjBvkbxE1VncptEtmFaecXe4PF",
                  "5150837715"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"system",
                  "method":"ExtrinsicSuccess"
               },
               "data":[
                  {
                     "weight":"629782467000",
                     "class":"Normal",
                     "paysFee":"Yes"
                  }
               ]
            }
         ],
         "success":true,
         "paysFee":true
      }
   ],
   "onFinalize":{
      "events":[

      ]
   },
   "finalized":true
}
The JS number type is a 53 bit precision float

There is no guarantee that the numerical values in the response will have a numerical type. Any numbers larger than 2**53-1 will have a string type.

Submitting a Transaction​

Submit a serialized transaction using the transaction endpoint with an HTTP POST request.

import requests
import json

url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/transaction/'
tx_headers = {'Content-type' : 'application/json', 'Accept' : 'text/plain'}
response = requests.post(
    url,
    data='{"tx": "0xed0...000"}', # A serialized tx.
    headers=tx_headers
)
tx_response = json.loads(response.text)

If successful, this endpoint returns a JSON with the transaction hash. In case of error, it will return an error report, e.g.:

{
    "error": "Failed to parse a tx" | "Failed to submit a tx",
    "cause": "Upstream error description"
}
- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-node-management.html b/docs/build-node-management.html index 13be0604b4b6..f3b9450d482a 100644 --- a/docs/build-node-management.html +++ b/docs/build-node-management.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ has a monitor node metrics tutorial which uses this endpoint.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-open-source.html b/docs/build-open-source.html index 4eaf8c306848..ef84d674d8a0 100644 --- a/docs/build-open-source.html +++ b/docs/build-open-source.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ the tech stack.

❗ All technologies listed above need to be open-source. Ideally, the links lead directly to the code.

Note: You will need a GitHub account to suggest changes or open issues. If you do not have one, you may sign up for free.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-oracle.html b/docs/build-oracle.html index 4a6231da1e5a..dc49cf7bcf76 100644 --- a/docs/build-oracle.html +++ b/docs/build-oracle.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ ecosystem develops and oracle parachains begin to appear, this article will be updated with a comparison of the different solutions and the benefits and drawbacks that each provide.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-pdk.html b/docs/build-pdk.html index c5b3fdfe3e3e..78da9f5e2acb 100644 --- a/docs/build-pdk.html +++ b/docs/build-pdk.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ transition into a Relay Chain.

For more information on how parathread per-block auctions work, see the more detailed parathread page.

Resources​

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-protocol-index.html b/docs/build-protocol-index.html index fd02cc0503da..1b62b66e9030 100644 --- a/docs/build-protocol-index.html +++ b/docs/build-protocol-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

Protocol & Parachain Development

Learn how to get started with building parachains, solo-chains, and other aspects of protocol development.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-protocol-info.html b/docs/build-protocol-info.html index 725c2737a614..99a1db959b9d 100644 --- a/docs/build-protocol-info.html +++ b/docs/build-protocol-info.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ to cancel a runtime upgrade. Using a finalized depth of ten blocks should be safe.

Note that block production and finality are isolated processes in Polkadot, and the chain can have a long unfinalized head.

Do users need to interact with any smart contracts?

No, users interact directly with the chain's logic.

Does Polkadot have state rent?

No, Polkadot uses the existential deposit to prevent dust accounts and other economic mechanisms like locking or reserving tokens for operations that utilize state.

What is an external source to see the current chain height?

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-smart-contracts.html b/docs/build-smart-contracts.html index ffae41c1ff7f..722c863e1709 100644 --- a/docs/build-smart-contracts.html +++ b/docs/build-smart-contracts.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ Substrate and Polkadot StackExchange to ask their questions. As always, keep up to date with Polkadot and Kusama by following the social channels.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-storage.html b/docs/build-storage.html index ce4de9f82c6a..63fdd514d91f 100644 --- a/docs/build-storage.html +++ b/docs/build-storage.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ directory info will not be visible if you switch to a new browser or clear the browser cache. The storage module allows you to export file directory info from the current browser and import it to the new browser.

manage file dir

note

These above images are taken from this pull request

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-tools-index.html b/docs/build-tools-index.html index 611b773b687a..a485775c44b4 100644 --- a/docs/build-tools-index.html +++ b/docs/build-tools-index.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Squid Archive Registry
  • Polka-store - A tool which scans a Substrate chain and stores balance-relevant transactions in an SQLite database.
  • Substrate-graph - A compact indexer for Substrate based nodes providing a GraphQL interface.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-transaction-construction.html b/docs/build-transaction-construction.html index f46fd8c20601..1060883070e7 100644 --- a/docs/build-transaction-construction.html +++ b/docs/build-transaction-construction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ author_submitAndWatchExtrinsic, the latter of which will subscribe you to events to be notified as a transaction gets validated and included in the chain.

    Notes​

    Some addresses to use in the examples. See Subkey documentation.

    $ subkey --network polkadot generate
    Secret phrase `pulp gaze fuel ... mercy inherit equal` is account:
      Secret seed:      0x57450b3e09ba4598 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 219756eeba80bb16
      Public key (hex): 0x2ca17d26ca376087dc30ed52deb74bf0f64aca96fe78b05ec3e720a72adb1235
      Account ID:       0x2ca17d26ca376087dc30ed52deb74bf0f64aca96fe78b05ec3e720a72adb1235
      SS58 Address:     121X5bEgTZcGQx5NZjwuTjqqKoiG8B2wEAvrUFjuw24ZGZf2

    $ subkey --network polkadot generate
    Secret phrase `exercise auction soft ... obey control easily` is account:
      Secret seed:      0x5f4bbb9fbb69261a ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 4691ed7d1130fbbd
      Public key (hex): 0xda04de6cd781c98acf0693dfb97c11011938ad22fcc476ed0089ac5aec3fe243
      Account ID:       0xda04de6cd781c98acf0693dfb97c11011938ad22fcc476ed0089ac5aec3fe243
      SS58 Address:     15vrtLsCQFG3qRYUcaEeeEih4JwepocNJHkpsrqojqnZPc2y
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/builders-program.html b/docs/builders-program.html index 500af00add08..cc19de4813f8 100644 --- a/docs/builders-program.html +++ b/docs/builders-program.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ form of tooling, UI, middleware, bridges, and more.

    Application track​

    This track supports builders who are building on top of Substrate-based chains.

    Check out the official Substrate Builders Program site for more information and steps on how to apply.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/community-index.html b/docs/community-index.html index ea8d52f91d80..25642f26a3c3 100644 --- a/docs/community-index.html +++ b/docs/community-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Community & Contributors

    Learn about how to participate in the Polkadot community and how to contribute to the Polkadot Wiki.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/community.html b/docs/community.html index c146f96a9bb9..91f381bda34f 100644 --- a/docs/community.html +++ b/docs/community.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ application of blockchain technology, using Polkadot and Substrate as its foundations.
  • Polkadot Communities and Campaigns by AirLyft One - Discover thriving communities and participate in engaging campaigns.
  • DotAppStore - Discover featured projects and apps upvoted by the Polkadot community.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/contributing.html b/docs/contributing.html index 3892985631ca..9877d521ed41 100644 --- a/docs/contributing.html +++ b/docs/contributing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ the official crowdin knowledge base as well.




    The following shows an example in Arabic. You can type in your desired translation for each section in the provided area, while using the suggestions generated by the crowdin built-in translator.


    Make sure to save your translation.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/contributors.html b/docs/contributors.html index 533b7c9c2d25..d0fc3d3368bf 100644 --- a/docs/contributors.html +++ b/docs/contributors.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ for the Polkadot protocol. He contributed in creating written content and example applications that demonstrate how to use these new technologies.

    You can now find Logan leading efforts to define the prediction market space at Zeitgeist.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/dashboards-index.html b/docs/dashboards-index.html index 00e63bc445f0..b9d45b73b95c 100644 --- a/docs/dashboards-index.html +++ b/docs/dashboards-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Dashboards

    Explore the different dashboards in the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/decentralized-futures.html b/docs/decentralized-futures.html index 0d98b31c2c14..ae903e96605e 100644 --- a/docs/decentralized-futures.html +++ b/docs/decentralized-futures.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ utilized, with granularity increasing proportionally with the amount sought. This meticulous approach ensures transparency and accountability in the allocation of resources.
  • A demonstrated willingness to receive a more significant portion of the value in long-term DOT rather than immediate FIAT, aligning with the broader ecosystem's goals.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/dev-heroes.html b/docs/dev-heroes.html index 4ce86dfab44e..ec6022cf6cfe 100644 --- a/docs/dev-heroes.html +++ b/docs/dev-heroes.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ open source technology stack list and contribute with a pull request, an issue, or find and fix bugs.

  • Create content: Write a blog post, record a video tutorial, and write a Twitter thread. Share about your latest coding success, something you learned and are excited about.

  • Speak at events: Do a workshop or talk at meetups and conferences.

    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/explore-index.html b/docs/explore-index.html index 76ecbd8e1328..0be91af363bb 100644 --- a/docs/explore-index.html +++ b/docs/explore-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Explore

    Explore Wallets, Apps and Programmes in Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/faq.html b/docs/faq.html index 8c23017b549b..25e782b62299 100644 --- a/docs/faq.html +++ b/docs/faq.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ fee calculation page in the Substrate documentation for more detailed information.

    Answered by Gav series​

    The "Answered by Gav" series is a collection of posts uploaded to Reddit of questions that have been asked in the Polkadot Watercooler Riot channel and answered by Polkadot founder Gavin Wood.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/general-index.html b/docs/general-index.html index 76764d835f06..1a4d46c14638 100644 --- a/docs/general-index.html +++ b/docs/general-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    General

    General Information to get started with Polkadot and Web3.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/getting-started.html b/docs/getting-started.html index 1e68297d3350..054a8635998f 100644 --- a/docs/getting-started.html +++ b/docs/getting-started.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ about Polkadot.
  • Sample Applications - Sample applications that are built on or currently being built for Polkadot.
  • Contributing Guide - Rules for contributing to the wiki.
  • Polkadot Knowledge Base - Troubleshooting resources for specific errors and problems.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/glossary.html b/docs/glossary.html index 18eefad1ebc0..7d9b27b0cebb 100644 --- a/docs/glossary.html +++ b/docs/glossary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ transaction weights and fees.

    Witness​

    Cryptographic proof statements of data validity.

    Whitelist Pallet​

    Allows one Origin to escalate the privilege level of another Origin for a certain operation. In terms of OpenGov, it allows the Fellowship to authorise a new origin (which we will call Whitelisted-Root) to be executed with Root-level privileges.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/governance-apps.html b/docs/governance-apps.html index ef2af798cf84..20876a871989 100644 --- a/docs/governance-apps.html +++ b/docs/governance-apps.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ node, ensuring real-time accuracy.

    Dive into the world of Polkadot governance with Polkassembly and be an active part of the future! For deeper insights or specific tutorials, please refer to the official documentation at https://docs.polkassembly.io.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/grants.html b/docs/grants.html index 2b39170c38a5..a823ac991427 100644 --- a/docs/grants.html +++ b/docs/grants.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Foundation has considered new ways to distribute KSM for people who need KSM to build.

    If you are interested in obtaining KSM for building or research, you can apply through the Treasury or receive a tip for doing something cool in the community.

    Other Grant Programs​

    Below is a list of other grant programs in the Polkadot/Substrate ecosystem.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/how-to-dyor.html b/docs/how-to-dyor.html index b1aab27ae770..70f5eb6b8750 100644 --- a/docs/how-to-dyor.html +++ b/docs/how-to-dyor.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ aims to bring to the ecosystem.

    This does not fall under fact-checking and verifying claims, but it is important to mention: fully understanding what something does and its prospective impact is an integral part of making an informed decision, so do not overlook it.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-adversarial-cheatsheet.html b/docs/kusama-adversarial-cheatsheet.html index 4e1d72d357ad..63d0319a0d43 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-adversarial-cheatsheet.html +++ b/docs/kusama-adversarial-cheatsheet.html @@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ - +

    Adversarial Cheatsheet

    Expect things to break on Kusama. To help you break some things, take a look at the following threat model.

    Hacker wants to …Security promise that should prevent the hackHacking IncentiveHacking DamageHacking value details
    Double spend tokens via getting the clients to accept a different chainIntegrity (System-wide)HighHighIf attackers are able to double spend tokens, they are able to get services without paying for them. This gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack.
    Cause system to mint tokens to his own accountIntegrity (System-wide) MediumLow - MediumIf an attacker is able to craft transactions that mint tokens to their account, then this provides a high monetary incentive to execute this attack.
    Validate malicious blocks to double spend tokensAvailability (System-wide) HighMediumIf an attacker is able to double spend tokens, they are able to get services without paying for them. This gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack.
    Undermine consensus mechanism to split chainIntegrity (System-wide)HighHigh"If an attacker is able to double spend tokens, they are able to get services without paying for them. This gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack. Betting on decrease in value of the cryptocurrency or competitors want to damage the reputation, so that the value of their blockchain increases.
    Tamper/manipulate blockchain history to invalidate transactions (e.g. a voting result)Integrity (System-wide)MediumMedium - HighAttacker can rollback undesired transactions by intentionally invalidating the block where transaction has happened. Attacker can force a governance decision (or even an on-chain update) that favors them.
    Undermine blockchain or consensus mechanism to damage the ecosystem's reputationAvailability (System-wide)HighHighBetting on decrease in value of the cryptocurrency or competitors want to damage the reputation, so that the value of their blockchain increases
    CensorshipAvailability (System-wide)MediumHighHackers are able to block undesirable types of transactions (e.g. industry competitor transactions or referendum votes). This could be achieved by colluding with other stakeholders or by otherwise obtaining more voting power.
    Deanonymize usersConfidentiality (Node)MediumMediumParties that want to de-anonymize users can use the information to oppress the opposition (e.g. political activists).
    Steal token from nodeIntegrity (Node)HighHighAttackers that are able to steal tokens from nodes can claim assets for themselves, which gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack.
    Steal token from node by leaking credentialsConfidentiality (Node)HighHighAttackers that are able to steal tokens from nodes can claim assets for themselves, which gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack.
    Prevent node from accessing the Polkadot networkAvailability (Node)LowLow - MediumRun a targeted denial-of-service attack out of revenge, monetary interests (in case of a competing coin exchange, etc.).
    Defraud other participantsIntegrity (Node)MediumLow - MediumAttacker can abuse other participants’ misunderstanding of Polkadot's security guarantees to defraud them. Also, if the reward for calling out bad behavior can be set up so that it is higher than the according punishment, a set of self-handled nodes can be set up to generate a source cycle. Other participants are not needed for this attack.
    Defraud other participantsIntegrity (System-wide)HighHighAn attacker could abuse bugs in Polkadot's economic system to defraud other participants. For example, an attacker could exploit a logic bug to not pay transaction fees.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-bug-bounty.html b/docs/kusama-bug-bounty.html index d7dda6669b7e..9bc2caba4b88 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-bug-bounty.html +++ b/docs/kusama-bug-bounty.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ not to be disruptive or harmful to our users or us. Otherwise, your actions might be interpreted as an attack rather than an effort to be helpful.

    How to report a bug​

    Please follow the instructions at web3.foundation/security-report/.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-claims.html b/docs/kusama-claims.html index 364ec012a97e..74eab7bb7f94 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-claims.html +++ b/docs/kusama-claims.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ Polkadot Support page.

    Third Party Claims Processes​

    We do not recommend using a third-party app or process to perform your claim or acquire KSM.

    Claiming using a third-party process can lead to the loss of your allocation; therefore, we cannot recommend using any third-party apps to do so. Manually specifying your transaction data, as specified in our claims process, is the only way to be certain you will receive your allocation.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-coc.html b/docs/kusama-coc.html index 8070305c66c6..d0a2ecec85d2 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-coc.html +++ b/docs/kusama-coc.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ on feedback from the Kusama participants and/or the Polkadot community.

    Bugs​

    Please understand that this network is, despite its success, an experiment with potential flaws, so it’s appreciated that community members help report any sort of exploits directly to the team before sharing publicly. Please see the bug bounty program.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-community.html b/docs/kusama-community.html index 4f21f6c6a888..0eb1ec686b4b 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-community.html +++ b/docs/kusama-community.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ for technical questions on building with Substrate.
  • Smart Contracts & Parity Ink! - A room to discuss developing Substrate smart contracts using Parity Ink!

    • Social​

    Blogs and tutorials​

    Newsletters​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-getting-started.html b/docs/kusama-getting-started.html index 49b18f31869d..eaecf74943f1 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-getting-started.html +++ b/docs/kusama-getting-started.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ here.

    While Kusama does not support smart contracts natively, building apps on it is still possible (e.g. RMRK.app). If you're interested in diving deeper into proper development, however, check out the builders guide.

    Additional Resources:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-index.html b/docs/kusama-index.html index 6a024e6126ab..33fce852b332 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-index.html +++ b/docs/kusama-index.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@

    Kusama

    Polkadot's Canary Network​

    Kusama is a canary network for Polkadot; an earlier release of the code that is available first and holds real economic value. For developers, Kusama is a proving ground for runtime upgrades, on-chain governance, and parachains.

    No Promises.

    Kusama has a dedicated Wiki guide. Click on the image below to access it.

    guide
    Kusama Guide
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-parameters.html b/docs/kusama-parameters.html index 4a5334a3c610..5c4af3b6c931 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-parameters.html +++ b/docs/kusama-parameters.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ redirected into the Society's treasury to fund growth.

    Precision​

    KSM have 12 decimals of precision. In other words, 1e12 (1_000_000_000_000, or one trillion) Plancks make up a single KSM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-social-recovery.html b/docs/kusama-social-recovery.html index 3dae5c060510..6a4124f0e86d 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-social-recovery.html +++ b/docs/kusama-social-recovery.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ either go through the council or submit a public proposal. To learn more about governance, see here.

    Further Reading​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-timeline.html b/docs/kusama-timeline.html index c0d0adc250f7..99546ec20593 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-timeline.html +++ b/docs/kusama-timeline.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ forkless upgradability provided by Substrate, chaos continues, and in the spirit of chaos, more teams are eager to deploy on Kusama. The path of Kusama deployment has paved the way to Polkadot's parachains as the technology became proven.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-DOT.html b/docs/learn-DOT.html index 6ab84bd78b53..f691612bc7ca 100644 --- a/docs/learn-DOT.html +++ b/docs/learn-DOT.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ through the Treasury. Alternatively, they can be obtained on the open market.

    Polkadot Mainnet DOT​

    Polkadot Mainnet DOT are not freely given away. If you purchased DOT in the original 2017 offering, you may claim them via the Polkadot claims process. Alternatively, they are available on the open market.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-account-abstraction.html b/docs/learn-account-abstraction.html index 9f3b60215a69..d9bd5cedeb47 100644 --- a/docs/learn-account-abstraction.html +++ b/docs/learn-account-abstraction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Bader Youssef - "Abstracting Away Account Abstraction on Polkadot"
  • Parity Blog Post by Joe Petrowski - "Building a Hot Wallet with Substrate Primitives"
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-account-advanced.html b/docs/learn-account-advanced.html index ea50b82d12ac..433d9fb7b1ce 100644 --- a/docs/learn-account-advanced.html +++ b/docs/learn-account-advanced.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ directly in the browser on the new one.

    This has been tested on Brave and Chrome, but not other browsers.

    1. Go to Polkadot-JS Apps
    2. Go to JavaScript console on the browser (Available in Developer Tools)
    3. Type in the command:
    JSON.stringify(localStorage)
    1. Copy and paste the returned string to a text editor and save the file.
    2. Check that the string you pasted begins and ends with a tick mark ('). If not, add one to the beginning and end.
    3. Save and send that file with the copied string to the new computer.
    4. On the new computer, go to Polkadot-JS Apps
    5. Open the Javascript console on the browser (Available in Developer Tools)
    6. Set a variable raw equal to the string from the text file
    raw = ... copy-pasted json from original computer ...
    1. Run the following code on the console:
    accounts = JSON.parse(raw);
    for (var key in accounts) {
        if (accounts.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
            val = JSON.stringify(accounts[key]).replace(/\\/g,'').slice(1,-1);
            console.log(key + " -> " + val);
            localStorage.setItem(key, val);
        }
    }
    1. Refresh Polkadot-JS App browser and check the Accounts and Addresses pages. All of your accounts and addresses should now be available.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-account-multisig.html b/docs/learn-account-multisig.html index c4a6fe1f0b7b..1d8ceb95be3b 100644 --- a/docs/learn-account-multisig.html +++ b/docs/learn-account-multisig.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ the entities designated as the recipients come together in a new multisig under a matching threshold, they will immediately have access to these tokens.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about multi-signature accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-accounts.html b/docs/learn-accounts.html index 0af77eb285a6..ca303173d348 100644 --- a/docs/learn-accounts.html +++ b/docs/learn-accounts.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ The same applies to proxies. The idea is that those actions require some network memory usage that is not given for free. In the example, we created a governance proxy, and the reserved funds for this are 0.0668 KSM.
    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-advanced-index.html b/docs/learn-advanced-index.html index 29c7ce5a2f2a..929a9a9fae85 100644 --- a/docs/learn-advanced-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-advanced-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Advanced Concepts

    Advanced concepts to better understand Polkadot.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-architecture-index.html b/docs/learn-architecture-index.html index 52763ccc42f4..9ced4c015bf9 100644 --- a/docs/learn-architecture-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-architecture-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot's Architecture

    Everything about Polkadot's Architecture.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-architecture.html b/docs/learn-architecture.html index 616b9debb14c..8accb83f400f 100644 --- a/docs/learn-architecture.html +++ b/docs/learn-architecture.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ verify their validity (and later, their availability).

    Whiteboard Series​

    For a video overview of the architecture of Polkadot watch the video below for the whiteboard interview with W3F researcher Alistair Stewart:

    Architecture Overview

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-archive-index.html b/docs/learn-archive-index.html index c705bde6f4e1..1bad28230b5d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-archive-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-archive-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Archive

    Implementations no longer live on Polkadot.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-assets-index.html b/docs/learn-assets-index.html index e7a7cf6f40b0..7fa23b088094 100644 --- a/docs/learn-assets-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-assets-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Tokens and Assets

    Everything about tokens and assets on Polkadot.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-assets.html b/docs/learn-assets.html index e8f1d5240b19..0606a6a1b9d4 100644 --- a/docs/learn-assets.html +++ b/docs/learn-assets.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ create a 2-of-2 multisig from two pure proxies, and then set members from each group as proxies to those two accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-async-backing.html b/docs/learn-async-backing.html index f70ce84952d0..f609d37e2329 100644 --- a/docs/learn-async-backing.html +++ b/docs/learn-async-backing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ Asynchronous Backing (Shallow)
  • Chapter 6.15. from PBA lecture material: Asynchronous Backing (Deep)
  • Polkadot Blog Post - Asynchronous Backing: Elevating Polkadot's Performance and Scale
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-auction.html b/docs/learn-auction.html index 7f9bfd4f777b..5d906ef485f1 100644 --- a/docs/learn-auction.html +++ b/docs/learn-auction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ W3F research page on parachain allocation that goes more in depth to the mechanism
  • Research Update: The Case for Candle Auctions - W3F breakdown and research update about candle auctions
  • Front-Running, Smart Contracts, and Candle Auctions W3F Research team discusses how to remedy current blockchain auction setbacks with candle auctions
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-basics-index.html b/docs/learn-basics-index.html index 00a0038ba1d1..c919b5dfaa6f 100644 --- a/docs/learn-basics-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-basics-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Basic concepts about Polkadot

    Everything about staking, accounts, OpenGov, treasury, transactions, tokens and NFTs.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-bridges.html b/docs/learn-bridges.html index 88411e1496d2..964f4eff9947 100644 --- a/docs/learn-bridges.html +++ b/docs/learn-bridges.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Edgeware chain (a Substrate-based chain) - now defunct and not maintained, but a good example.
  • XCLAIM - XCLAIM is a framework for achieving trustless and efficient cross-chain exchanges using cryptocurrency-backed assets.
  • Celer cBridge - a bridge to transfer assets from Ethereum & Binance Smart Chain to the Astar Polkadot EVM.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-collator.html b/docs/learn-collator.html index f8a7cfeb050a..d2c3bd487853 100644 --- a/docs/learn-collator.html +++ b/docs/learn-collator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Cumulus repository. More information can be found under the Cumulus section on the build parachain page.

    Guides and Tools​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-avalanche.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-avalanche.html index 18fdc9935a35..288bb02d2af9 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-avalanche.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-avalanche.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ need a recommended minimum of 5 validators, which make the costs of launch predictable. Avalanche has plans to implement shared security, interoperability, composability and on-chain governance features which are already offered by Polkadot.

    References​

    1. The Avalanche Platform Whitepaper
    2. The Avalanche Consensus Whitepaper
    3. The AVAX Token Dynamics Paper
    4. Nakomoto vs Snow consensus
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-cosmos.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-cosmos.html index 44ac779d8431..7acd54bf5bf0 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-cosmos.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-cosmos.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ receiving chain must trust the sending chain. Thus, each blockchain in the Cosmos network has its independent security mechanisms. Chains also have the option to share security with the Cosmos Hub and thereby leverage its economic security.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-ethereum-2.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-ethereum-2.html index d9196e055b89..0d07726cb0e2 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-ethereum-2.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-ethereum-2.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ enacted autonomously via forkless upgrades.
  • Validator selection mechanisms differ as Polkadot can provide strong availability and validity guarantees with fewer validators per shard.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-index.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-index.html index aed06dd0a49e..e1bd612b4f8b 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot Comparisons

    Comparison between Polkadot and other Networks.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-kusama.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-kusama.html index 73c6a254c780..ceb749ea6624 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-kusama.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-kusama.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ the future, we’re also likely to see Kusama bridged to Polkadot for cross-network interoperability. Web3 Foundation remains committed to both networks going forward, providing crucial support and guidance to teams building for the ecosystem.

    Explore more​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-rollups.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-rollups.html index acf589fe6942..a711ab3ed429 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-rollups.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-rollups.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ transition data.

    Despite these drawbacks, Polkadot remains upgradable through forkless upgrades, which allows the protocol to be easily upgradable to stay in line with future technological advances.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons.html b/docs/learn-comparisons.html index e71689874365..54d55c5d4be8 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Chain, and as the number of validators in the active set on Polkadot are increased, more parachains can be supported.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-components-index.html b/docs/learn-components-index.html index 5e83515d2bb3..a6280f9306f8 100644 --- a/docs/learn-components-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-components-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Components

    Key components of the Polkadot ecosystem.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-consensus.html b/docs/learn-consensus.html index 5c0805116e63..ee79abccffa9 100644 --- a/docs/learn-consensus.html +++ b/docs/learn-consensus.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ with Bill Laboon.
  • Block Production and Finalization in Polkadot: Understanding the BABE and GRANDPA Protocols - An academic talk by Bill Laboon, given at MIT Cryptoeconomic Systems 2020, describing Polkadot's hybrid consensus model in-depth.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-controller.html b/docs/learn-controller.html index 0ca10642d774..34d067c26cb8 100644 --- a/docs/learn-controller.html +++ b/docs/learn-controller.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ used less often and usually signed by the stash.

    stash-not-as-controller

    From a practical perspective, there were two accounts, and we needed to remember two passwords. From a security perspective, the party who wanted to control our staking actions was required to control two accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-crowdloans.html b/docs/learn-crowdloans.html index 7a0c488d4e95..770e60ff1d94 100644 --- a/docs/learn-crowdloans.html +++ b/docs/learn-crowdloans.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Apps page.

    Here is an example of the crowdloans in play during the very first Kusama auction.

    crowdloan dashboard

    Furthermore, check out this video on How to Participate in Crowdloans for steps on how to access available crowdloans on PolkadotJS apps.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-cryptography.html b/docs/learn-cryptography.html index 50a42cb0c1b3..e09ee28ad5df 100644 --- a/docs/learn-cryptography.html +++ b/docs/learn-cryptography.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ make passive attacks much harder if such a backdoor exists.

    However an alternative exists in the form of Curve25519. This algorithm has been proposed in 2006 by DJB [Curve25519]. Its main strengths are its speed, its constant-time run time (and resistance against side-channel attacks), and its lack of nebulous hard-coded constants.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-future-implementations-index.html b/docs/learn-future-implementations-index.html index 987c43d6b3e1..bc5ff7e32e01 100644 --- a/docs/learn-future-implementations-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-future-implementations-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Future Implementations

    Implementations that will be deployed on Polkadot.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-governance.html b/docs/learn-governance.html index 400924db13e2..2c225e492fb6 100644 --- a/docs/learn-governance.html +++ b/docs/learn-governance.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ case for why the change should be made.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-multisig.html b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-multisig.html index 5ec90c6ff70d..89fa5225e299 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-multisig.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-multisig.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Check the "How to use a multisig account" in the support docs on how to decode the multisig call data.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy-pure.html b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy-pure.html index 31ff51b78ab6..18ab0dea8f07 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy-pure.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy-pure.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ address but does not impact the pure proxy address. In Scenario Two, if signatories behind the pure proxies change, the address of the multisig stays the same. However, changing the number of signatories and threshold would not be possible.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy.html b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy.html index aef084884564..82f68fbd26b0 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ automatically ask for Charly's signature. Thus one proxy call will trigger the second one because Charly's is the only any proxy of P-C, and P-C cannot sign anything. While if we want to use Bob's account we will need to submit all three proxy calls.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-accounts.html b/docs/learn-guides-accounts.html index 449d36a5d682..85e976802421 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-accounts.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-accounts.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ encrypting/decrypting your wallet. If you cannot load a JSON file, please use the latest version of the wallet software. If you cannot load it, ensure that the wallet software uses the newest version of the Polkadot API.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-assets-create.html b/docs/learn-guides-assets-create.html index bca03fb569bd..b4d4ee86b7af 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-assets-create.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-assets-create.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ an ID that has already been taken. After all the details are entered, click on the next button.

    Add Asset Metadata

    • Choose the admin, issuer and the freezer accounts for your asset and click on the create button.

    Asset managing accounts

    • Sign and submit the transaction (If you like to verify the transaction details before signing, you can click on the dropdown button pointed by the arrow in the snapshot below).

    Sign asset creating transaction

    If the transaction is successful, you should see the asset and its details displayed in the Network > Assets page on the Asset Hub.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-assets-index.html b/docs/learn-guides-assets-index.html index cc9958515a94..02fe8ee91070 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-assets-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-assets-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Advanced Guides for Asset Hub

    Polkadot-JS guides about the Asset Hub.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-assets-ledger.html b/docs/learn-guides-assets-ledger.html index 57fff2145645..fa0fc88de5b6 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-assets-ledger.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-assets-ledger.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ here.
  • Transfer the desired amount as described above. If you want to send exactly the amount you want to teleport, don't forget take into account the fees for teleporting that will be deducted in the next step.
  • Teleport your tokens following the instructions you will find here.

    • Teleporting to a Ledger account from a non-Ledger account doesn't require these extra steps.

    Support​

    If you need support, please visit the Polkadot Support page.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-bounties.html b/docs/learn-guides-bounties.html index ee3152392103..c5fd7842b77a 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-bounties.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-bounties.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ delay elapsed, follow the guidelines in the video tutorial below to learn how to claim a child bounty reward. Note that the extrinsic to claim the child bounty reward is permissionless, and anyone can initiate the claim on behalf of the beneficiary.

    Claim Child Bounty Reward

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-identity.html b/docs/learn-guides-identity.html index 78a9ff6b0616..43dd0801399e 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-identity.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-identity.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ minimumDeposit.

    Submitting a proposal

    At this point, DOT holders can endorse the motion. With enough endorsements, the motion will become a referendum, which is then voted on. If it passes, users will be able to request judgement from this registrar.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-ledger.html b/docs/learn-guides-ledger.html index aed494ae5491..634450768576 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-ledger.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-ledger.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ extrinsics are available in the light version. The following repository by Zondax lists the currently supported Democracy extrinsics on the full ledger.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov.html b/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov.html index de9bc2d3f4ab..a3c3266cede6 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ have been met. Failing to submit the decision deposit within a -day period will lead to a referendum timeout.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-staking-index.html b/docs/learn-guides-staking-index.html index 3c324787835d..80f9f6e8d9d3 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-staking-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-staking-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot-JS Guides about Staking

    Polkadot-JS Guides about Staking.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-staking-pools.html b/docs/learn-guides-staking-pools.html index db06693bd763..7b7fd57aedff 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-staking-pools.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-staking-pools.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Polkadot-JS UI Extrinsic Tab and issue the following extrisics:

    • nominationPools.claimPayoutOthers extrinsic specifying ALICE's account. This will claim the rewards as a free balance on ALICE's account.

    pools-payoutOthers

    • nominationPools.bondExtraOthers extrinsic specifying ALICE's account and the option to bond:
      • the free balance currently available in ALICE's account (FreeBalance) or
      • the pool rewards (Rewards) unclaimed by ALICE.

    pools-bondExtraOthers

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-staking.html b/docs/learn-guides-staking.html index 6add11800543..770d87ee448d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-staking.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-staking.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ which will list all the pending payouts for your stashes.

    pending-payouts

    To then claim your reward, select the "Payout all" button. This will prompt you to select your stash accounts for payout.

    select-payouts

    Once you are done with payout, another screen will appear asking for you to sign and submit the transaction.

    transaction-payouts

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-transfers.html b/docs/learn-guides-transfers.html index ff2b1d0d1a49..cc92409a2dac 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-transfers.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-transfers.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ probably not the reason for your tokens having existing references.

    Existing Non-Native Assets​

    Currently, Polkadot does not use the Assets Pallet, so this is probably not the reason for your tokens having existing references.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-treasury.html b/docs/learn-guides-treasury.html index 47ad544427c5..9a495d618e44 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-treasury.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-treasury.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ -day timeout
  • Once the referendum ends you can claim the preimage and decision deposits back
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-vault.html b/docs/learn-guides-vault.html index d679bd727b58..08fe8db7a163 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-vault.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-vault.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ chain and version is the version of the metadata.

    Add the renamed files to the /public/qr folder within the Metadata Portal repository.

    Run Portal​

    Open the terminal within the Metadata Portal repository and run make updater. Then run make collector; this will create the _latest.apng files for each of the chains (removed by the command make cleaner). Finally, run yarn start to load the metadata portal on your localhost.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-hyperbridge.html b/docs/learn-hyperbridge.html index 4f0e74773607..b9cc14dcb7ea 100644 --- a/docs/learn-hyperbridge.html +++ b/docs/learn-hyperbridge.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ repository of hyperbridge.
  • Interoperable State Machine Protocol (ISMP) Book - Guidebook of the ISMP
  • The Puzzle of Blockchain Interoperability
  • RFC-1: Agile Coretime - Agile periodic-sale-based model for assigning Coretime on the Polkadot Ubiquitous Computer.
  • ISMP, The Endgame for Parachain Interoperability | Sub0 2023
  • Research Summary: PlonK: Permutations over Lagrange-bases for Oecumenical Noninteractive arguments of Knowledge
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-identity.html b/docs/learn-identity.html index 32e2cbd1eaba..4413ec75b9c9 100644 --- a/docs/learn-identity.html +++ b/docs/learn-identity.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ is required for every sub-account.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about account identity.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-implementations.html b/docs/learn-implementations.html index 39687a20d289..b44147c9cdbe 100644 --- a/docs/learn-implementations.html +++ b/docs/learn-implementations.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ collection of tools, interfaces, and libraries for Polkadot and Substrate.

    Other implementations that have received grants​

    While the ecosystem continues to grow rapidly, the continued development of alternative implementations will only make Polkadot stronger. Consider becoming a contributor to the ecosystem, and learn about the how you can receieve a grant for your development.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-index.html b/docs/learn-index.html index b6f2e17981cc..6cd382245c27 100644 --- a/docs/learn-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Learn about Polkadot

    Learn about the technology behind the Polkadot ecosystem, and the tools you can use to become a participant of Web3.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-inflation.html b/docs/learn-inflation.html index 8b57a1c62f46..073da50b2185 100644 --- a/docs/learn-inflation.html +++ b/docs/learn-inflation.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ incentivizing them to stake more tokens on the network. On the contrary, staking rewards drop if staked tokens exceed the ideal staking rate. This results from the change in the percentage of staking rewards that go to the Treasury.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-launch.html b/docs/learn-launch.html index b6f0bcc307a3..f8d7e4d8e036 100644 --- a/docs/learn-launch.html +++ b/docs/learn-launch.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ block number 1_205_128 on August 18, 2020, at 16:39 UTC.

    Core Functionality​

    After five years of research and development and a multi-stage launch that began in May 2020, Polkadot launch was completed on December 18, 2021, with all auction-winning parachains producing blocks on the network.

    Check out these resources for further information:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nft-pallets.html b/docs/learn-nft-pallets.html index 7eec60e3ca86..0a0ad7327dea 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nft-pallets.html +++ b/docs/learn-nft-pallets.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ balance-keeping chain for both fungible and non-fungibles.

    These NFTs can be viewed and interacted with on RMRK's Singular platform, by switching the top right menu from Kusama to the Asset Hub.

    nft-hub

    They can also be interacted with directly through the extrinsics tab of the Asset Hub:

    uniques.png

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nft-projects.html b/docs/learn-nft-projects.html index f04317843fd5..37bf1a4bba58 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nft-projects.html +++ b/docs/learn-nft-projects.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ on, rather than entering the NFT space themselves as an end-product.

    Unique Network aims to make their marketplace technology open-source and whitelabel-friendly. In theory, it should be trivial to set up a new marketplace for your project using Unique's technology. Unique network aims to be a parachain on Polkadot, and Quartz is their Kusama counterpart.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nft.html b/docs/learn-nft.html index 7001ce7216f9..74e2daf9f6ee 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nft.html +++ b/docs/learn-nft.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ RMRK hackathon for porting RMRK NFTs into simplified IOUs on EVM chains

    References​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nomination-pools.html b/docs/learn-nomination-pools.html index e3d95af515c9..9b2a54c3c920 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nomination-pools.html +++ b/docs/learn-nomination-pools.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ in the nomination pools and earn staking rewards. For additional information, see this blog post. Check the wiki doc on nomination pools for more information.

    NominatingJoining a Pool
    Minimum 250 DOT to nominate.Minimum 1 DOT to be a member.
    Rewards can be compounded automatically or sent to any account.Rewards can be manually claimed to the pool member's account and be bonded in the pool again to compound them.
    If the active validator gets slashed, all active nominators are subjected to slashing, also those that do not receive rewards due to the oversubscription issue.If the active validator gets slashed, all pool members are subjected to slashing.
    Can bond and stake DOT indefinitely.Can bond and stake DOT until the pool exists.
    Unbonding period of 28 days. Can switch validators without unbonding.Unbonding period of 28 days. Need to unbond before switching to a different pool.
    Maximum uncapped.Maximum uncapped.
    Should bond more than the minimum active nomination in an era to be eligible to earn staking rewards, although it can depend on multiple other factors outlined in the linked document.A nomination pool earns rewards in an era if it satisfies all the conditions mentioned for the nominator (as the nomination pool is just a nominator from the NPoS system perspective).
    Staked tokens can be used for participation in Governance.Staked tokens cannot be used for participation in Governance.
    Rewards payout can be triggered permissionlessly by anyone (typically done by the validator).A pool member can self claim the rewards or can grant permission to any other account to claim and compound rewards on your behalf. See Claim Permissions.
    Bonded funds remain in your account.Bonded funds are transferred to a pool account which is administered by the network protocol and is not accessible to anyone else. See System Accounts for more information.
    Nominator manages the list of staked validators (up to 16).Nominations managed by the pool operator.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nominator.html b/docs/learn-nominator.html index 5c829b660156..8375703991ea 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nominator.html +++ b/docs/learn-nominator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ Polkadot JS Apps > Network > Staking > Targets page.

    Minimum Active Nomination

    Guides​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parachains-faq.html b/docs/learn-parachains-faq.html index ca42286b986c..0789e559122d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parachains-faq.html +++ b/docs/learn-parachains-faq.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ initiate an auction, however, Root origin (via referendum) is needed to cancel an auction. Here is a proposal that gives a glimpse of what goes into planning auctions schedule - Proposed Polkadot Auction Schedule 2022.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parachains-index.html b/docs/learn-parachains-index.html index 83ef900e1e3d..5c81168c77a7 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parachains-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-parachains-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot's Parachains

    Everything about Polkadot's Parachains.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parachains-protocol.html b/docs/learn-parachains-protocol.html index f5ab0ba65ad0..3be0b51bc829 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parachains-protocol.html +++ b/docs/learn-parachains-protocol.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ Parity analyst Joe Petrowski expounds on the validity checks that a parachain block must pass in order to progress the parachain.
  • Availability and Validity - Paper by the W3F Research Team that specifies the availability and validity protocol in detail.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parachains.html b/docs/learn-parachains.html index acb6926ab07c..74bcab065520 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parachains.html +++ b/docs/learn-parachains.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ its own. The Relay Chain provides security to attached parachains, but also provides a guarantee of secure message-passing between them."
  • The Path of a Parachain Block - A technical walk-through of how parachains interact with the Relay Chain.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parathreads.html b/docs/learn-parathreads.html index 8374a9d234a8..422de52754cf 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parathreads.html +++ b/docs/learn-parathreads.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ produce new blocks when they need to.

    Parathreads help ease the sharp stop of the parachain slot term by allowing parachains that are still doing something useful to produce blocks, even if it is no longer economically viable to rent a parachain slot.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-participants-index.html b/docs/learn-participants-index.html index 2cf752a6defa..90e0bcbd69aa 100644 --- a/docs/learn-participants-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-participants-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Participants in the Polkadot Ecosystem

    Learn about collators, nominators and validators.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-phragmen.html b/docs/learn-phragmen.html index 6244699e40ab..8593edb3f43e 100644 --- a/docs/learn-phragmen.html +++ b/docs/learn-phragmen.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ This paper by Brill et al. is the source for the simple Phragmén method, along with proofs about its properties.
  • Offline Phragmén - Script to generate the Phragmén validator election outcome before the start of an era.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-host.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-host.html index a90e9160b872..21aea4722cdf 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-host.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-host.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Host is referred to as the Executor. For additional technical implementation details, check out this section of the Polkadot Spec.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-js-guides.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-js-guides.html index b2dfa0667621..6d779767f9ff 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-js-guides.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-js-guides.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Ledger and Polkadot Vault for signing transactions. We do not provide support for third party applications.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-index.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-index.html index 65ee801fa009..916b88d896de 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot OpenGov

    Everything about Polkadot OpenGov.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins.html index aba12734b5b0..cbfb3daf14b2 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@

    Big Spender​

    Origin able to spend up to 1000000 DOT from the treasury at once.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-treasury.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-treasury.html index a952c53daa76..507931a6e97a 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-treasury.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-treasury.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ allocation of funds and as part of a nested iteration of the bounty mechanism.

    Child Bounties​

    Child bounties are spawned from parent bounties. Child bounties are used to access funds directly from the parent bounty without going through an OpenGov referendum.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about bounties and treasury.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov.html index 95983ee10d83..d538ca68b30b 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ Delegating Voting Power section on the Polkadot OpenGov Guides.

    Resources​

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about OpenGov.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-technical-fellowship.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-technical-fellowship.html index 2f6b715f2bed..14e182cebb69 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-technical-fellowship.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-technical-fellowship.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ on-going basis.

    Demotion and Suspension​

    Demotion occurs automatically after a given period has elapsed, and the member is unable to defend their position to their peers.

    Suspension can happen only through a Polkadot OpenGov referendum, which ensures that the Fellowship's bias alone does not necessarily result in expulsion.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadotjs-index.html b/docs/learn-polkadotjs-index.html index d070728e920b..3288db3f0487 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadotjs-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadotjs-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot-JS

    Overview of Polkadot-JS.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-proxies-pure.html b/docs/learn-proxies-pure.html index e8f251f8a742..7364e80c15f2 100644 --- a/docs/learn-proxies-pure.html +++ b/docs/learn-proxies-pure.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ corporate-level management where the chance of replacing someone within a multisig can be high. Pure proxies allow keeping the same multisig when the signatories change.
    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about pure proxy accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-proxies.html b/docs/learn-proxies.html index 181557fcdd87..d668d15639b6 100644 --- a/docs/learn-proxies.html +++ b/docs/learn-proxies.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about proxy accounts. You can find information about creating and removing proxies, and more.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-redenomination.html b/docs/learn-redenomination.html index 406038a3eb3f..a633caf04cc6 100644 --- a/docs/learn-redenomination.html +++ b/docs/learn-redenomination.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Ecosystem Redenomination Guide for recommendations.

    Please reach out to support@polkadot.network if you need any assistance in making sure your software is compatible with the redenomination.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-runtime-upgrades.html b/docs/learn-runtime-upgrades.html index db734381fbaf..199843f43924 100644 --- a/docs/learn-runtime-upgrades.html +++ b/docs/learn-runtime-upgrades.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ may be up to the last block before execution, but it will not work if this is missing.
  • democracy(Executed) events for actual execution. In the case of a runtime upgrade, there will also be a system(CodeUpdated) event.

    • You can also monitor Polkassembly for discussions on on-chain proposals and referenda.

    * E.g. via pallets/democracy/storage/ReferendumInfoOf?key1=index&at=blockNumber on Sidecar.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-sassafras.html b/docs/learn-sassafras.html index 838eae957fce..c7b2cbfddade 100644 --- a/docs/learn-sassafras.html +++ b/docs/learn-sassafras.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ with time-constant intervals. The protocol utilizes zk-SNARKs to construct a ring-VRF and is a work in progress.

    This page will be updated as progress ensues.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-scams.html b/docs/learn-scams.html index 2d246a1299b9..a4144831655b 100644 --- a/docs/learn-scams.html +++ b/docs/learn-scams.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ for steps you should take to prevent further loss and contact Polkadot Support from the same page. Finally, make sure to read the present article carefully to learn how to avoid falling victim in the future.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-spree.html b/docs/learn-spree.html index f05a97b526d0..04a4d7f407fe 100644 --- a/docs/learn-spree.html +++ b/docs/learn-spree.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ instances, and the next state root of the instance. They do this validation by checking it against the validate function as provided by the SPREE module API. Collators are expected to be able to provide this information to progress their parachains.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-staking-advanced.html b/docs/learn-staking-advanced.html index 9db8ffbab9e3..92efdd3472a6 100644 --- a/docs/learn-staking-advanced.html +++ b/docs/learn-staking-advanced.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ which is a fixed amount.

    Further Resources​

    If you want to run a staking miner on your validator, refer to the repository provided in the resources section below.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-staking-index.html b/docs/learn-staking-index.html index 0863b07192db..6dae231f3d66 100644 --- a/docs/learn-staking-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-staking-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot-JS Guides about Staking

    Polkadot-JS Guides about Staking.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-staking.html b/docs/learn-staking.html index dbdf2ae5fc09..4be7b4421881 100644 --- a/docs/learn-staking.html +++ b/docs/learn-staking.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ for the FAQs about staking.

    Resources​

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about staking.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-system-chains.html b/docs/learn-system-chains.html index 28f6f7af1ee4..9a6fd19475d0 100644 --- a/docs/learn-system-chains.html +++ b/docs/learn-system-chains.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ isolation provided by parachains.

    See the Bridges page for information on the latest bridge projects. Currently, a Bridge Hub parachain is in development that will be a portal for trust-minimized bridges to other networks.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-teleport.html b/docs/learn-teleport.html index c59950d76cd1..bb1ad6f71e6d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-teleport.html +++ b/docs/learn-teleport.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ teleportation should result in the same circulating supply of the asset, and failing to uphold this condition will result in a change in the asset's total issuance (in the case of fungible tokens) or a complete loss/duplication of an NFT.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-transaction-fees.html b/docs/learn-transaction-fees.html index 77c8e290c248..53a3cf2f2ef4 100644 --- a/docs/learn-transaction-fees.html +++ b/docs/learn-transaction-fees.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ to free storage (e.g. clear their IDE).
  • Burns: A transaction may burn funds internally based on its logic. For example, a transaction may burn funds from the sender if it creates new storage entries, thus increasing the state size.
  • Limits: Some limits are part of the protocol. For example, nominators can only nominate 16 validators. This limits the complexity of Phragmén.

    • Learn More​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-transactions.html b/docs/learn-transactions.html index e27fd02111c3..41bbffb377d7 100644 --- a/docs/learn-transactions.html +++ b/docs/learn-transactions.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ the fee will go to the block producer, producers will include the transactions with the highest fees to maximize their reward.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about transfers.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-treasury.html b/docs/learn-treasury.html index 4c060cd3d4bb..44e41bd3e2dd 100644 --- a/docs/learn-treasury.html +++ b/docs/learn-treasury.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ taking place. The time delay then allows chain participants time to respond. The response may take the form of governance measures or - in the most extreme cases a liquidation of their holdings and a migration to a minority fork. However, the possibility of this scenario is quite low.

    Further Reading​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-validator.html b/docs/learn-validator.html index 9d2adb50d4d7..909f082f7623 100644 --- a/docs/learn-validator.html +++ b/docs/learn-validator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ statistics.
  • YieldScan - Staking yield maximization platform, designed to minimize effort.
  • Subscan Validators Page - Displays information on the current validators - not as tailored for validators as the other sites.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-video-tutorials.html b/docs/learn-video-tutorials.html index 56eff23235cb..84111f40bf75 100644 --- a/docs/learn-video-tutorials.html +++ b/docs/learn-video-tutorials.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@

    Videos about Polkadot

    Visit the Polkadot YouTube Channel

    For more videos see all playlists on the Polkadot YouTube channel.

    Ongoing Series​

    Learn about Polkadot and Substrate at a deeper level with these ongoing deep dives, technical seminars, and initiatives within the ecosystem.

    Technical Explainers

    Substrate Seminars

    Polkadot Deep Dives

    Polkadot Community Calls

    Polkadot Decoded 2023

    Polkadot Blockchain Academy

    Past Events​

    Polkadot for Beginners

    ETH Denver 2023

    Encode Polkadot Club

    Sub0 2022

    Polkadot Decoded 2022

    Polkadot in Davos 2022

    Polkadot Webminars

    Hackathon North America

    Hackathon Global Series

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-wasm.html b/docs/learn-wasm.html index 596a4fd3e56c..c4402bd0f819 100644 --- a/docs/learn-wasm.html +++ b/docs/learn-wasm.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ spec.
  • Wasmi - WebAssembly interpreter written in Rust.
  • Parity Wasm - WebAssembly serialization/deserialization in Rust.
  • Wasm utils - Collection of Wasm utilities used in Parity and Wasm contract development.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-index.html b/docs/learn-xcm-index.html index 5111567c084e..e602b9a3fc75 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot's XCM

    Polkadot's Cross-Consensus Messaging Format (XCM).

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-instructions.html b/docs/learn-xcm-instructions.html index 201c2af9a1a6..55996074fcac 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-instructions.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-instructions.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ system and may not be transferred. It may only be unlocked with the receipt of the UnlockAsset instruction from this chain.

  • RequestUnlock(MultiAsset, MultiLocation) - Send an UnlockAsset instruction to the locker for the given asset.

    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-pallet.html b/docs/learn-xcm-pallet.html index 8517590f10ca..bb25dd4d20a4 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-pallet.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-pallet.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ calculates the total fee based on the number of instructions.

    The Trader used to calculate the weight (time for computation in consensus) to include in the message. Fee calculation in XCM is highly configurable and, for this reason, subjective to whichever configuration is in place.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-transport.html b/docs/learn-xcm-transport.html index 64c21e947807..5fa9c638cdd3 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-transport.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-transport.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ asset transfer as intended.

    The collator now hands this block to the validator, which itself will verify that this message was processed. If the message was processed and all other aspects of the block are valid, the validator will include this block for parachain B into the Relay Chain.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-usecases.html b/docs/learn-xcm-usecases.html index 7eb7f04abc21..632dc0f52401 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-usecases.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-usecases.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ destination's sovereign account, and sends this instruction onwards to the destination. The destination receives the instruction and processes it, minting the derivative assets as a result of the process.

    1. DepositAsset

    The destination deposits the derivative assets minted to the receiving account.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm.html b/docs/learn-xcm.html index fa3340f8259e..b2f2762b942e 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Technical audit report by Quarkslab prepared for Parity.

  • XCM pallet code - The pallet that contains XCM logic from the Polkadot code repository

  • XCM Config & Pallet-XCM | Polkadot Deep Dives - A technical deep dive into pallet-xcm and the XCM configuration.

    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcvm.html b/docs/learn-xcvm.html index ed6caf7799c7..dcde5543a09d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcvm.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcvm.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ a MultiLocation.

    Simulating XCVM using the xcm-simulator​

    Within the Polkadot repository exists the xcm-simulator, which allows developers to experiment with building, executing, and simulating various XCM use scenarios.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm.html b/docs/learn/xcm.html index f0c2a3dd3e78..1a26d023ce8b 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    XCM Documentation

    In-depth documentation about the Polkadot's Cross-Chain Messaging (XCM).

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/config-deep-dive.html b/docs/learn/xcm/config-deep-dive.html index d178725f2d89..da0831fadd82 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/config-deep-dive.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/config-deep-dive.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ Statemine, or Trappist for examples of how to implement the xcm-executor config.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-fees.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-fees.html index ca124ec2f68a..47a883216708 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-fees.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-fees.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ and charging execution fees.

    XCM pallet​

    FRAME pallets, like the XCM pallet, specify weights for each extrinsic they expose. That means that when interacting with pallets that deal with XCM, there will be an additional fee at the beginning for calling the extrinsic locally.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-multiasset.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-multiasset.html index 46e9354e2dd1..ca94ae4def77 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-multiasset.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-multiasset.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ MultiAssets and WildMultiAsset allowing either a wildcard or a list of definite (i.e. not wildcard) assets to be specified.

    pub enum MultiAssetFilter {
        /// Specify the filter as being everything contained by the given `MultiAssets` inner.
        Definite(MultiAssets),
        /// Specify the filter as the given `WildMultiAsset` wildcard.
        Wild(WildMultiAsset),
    }

    Examples​

    MultiAsset​

    For more information about the MultiLocations used to define concrete assets, see MultiLocation and Junction.

    // Location Relay Chain
    // 100 Native Asset (three ways)
    MultiAsset {id: Concrete(MultiLocation {parents: 0, interior: Here}), fun: Fungible(100u128)};
    MultiAsset {id: Here.into(), fun: 100.into()};
    let _: MultiAsset = (Here, 100u128).into();

    // 100 Parachain's Native Asset
    let _: MultiAsset = (X1(Parachain(1000)), 100u128).into();
    // 100 Fungible assets in Parachain 1000 with id 1234
    let _: MultiAsset = (X2(Parachain(1000), GeneralIndex(1234)), 100u128).into();
    // Non Fungible asset with asset class 1234 containing only one nft instance in Parachain 1000
    let _: MultiAsset = (X2(Parachain(1000), GeneralIndex(1234)), Undefined).into();
    // Non Fungible asset with asset class 1234 and AssetInstance 1 in Parachain 1000
    let _: MultiAsset = (X2(Parachain(1000), GeneralIndex(1234)), Index(1)).into();

    MultiAssetFilter​

    let a1: MultiAssets = MultiAssets::from(vec![MultiAsset {id: Here.into(), fun: 100u128.into()}]);
    let b1: MultiAssets = (Here, 100u128).into();
    assert_eq!(a1, b1);

    let a2: MultiAssetFilter = a1.into();
    let b2 = MultiAssetFilter::Definite((Here, 100u128).into());
    assert_eq!(a2, b2);

    let a3 = MultiAssetFilter::Wild(WildMultiAsset::All);
    let b3: MultiAssetFilter = All.into();
    assert_eq!(a3, b3);
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-summary.html index d6add4bdd355..e99850334da5 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-summary.html @@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ - +

    Fundamentals

    In this chapter we explore all the fundamentals that you should understand before diving deeper into XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-xcvm.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-xcvm.html index 369bbc01c665..738cb06fe48a 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-xcvm.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-xcvm.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    XCVM

    We've already seen an overview of the XCVM. In this section, we'll dive deeper into how it works.

    Coming soon​

    This chapter is still being worked on.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals.html index 996387b2a02f..218fa4a76314 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Fundamentals

    Fundamental Concepts about XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-example.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-example.html index 024fc6f06f95..dc1c48fa1347 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-example.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-example.html @@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ - +

    Example

    In this example we show different MultiLocations for the system hierarchy in the image below. Example

    From the perspective of RelayA

    // ParaA
    let _: MultiLocation = Parachain(1000).into();
    // AccountId32 in Parachain A
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parachain(1000), AccountId32 { network: RELAY_A_NETWORK, id: [0u8; 32]}).into();
    // Asset in Parachain A
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parachain(1000), PalletInstance(1), GeneralIndex(1)).into();
    // Ethereum based account on Parachain B
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parachain(2000), AccountKey20 { network: RELAY_A_NETWORK, key: [0u8; 20] }).into();
    // Smart Contract
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parachain(2000), PalletInstance(1), AccountKey20 { network: RELAY_A_NETWORK, key: [0u8; 20] }).into();
    // RelayB
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, GlobalConsensus(RELAY_B_NETWORK)).into();
    // NFT on Parachain C
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, GlobalConsensus(RELAY_B_NETWORK), Parachain(1000), GeneralIndex(1)).into();

    From the perspective of Parachain C

    // Relay A
    let _: MultiLocation = Parent.into();
    // Plurality Example. Many more BodyId/BodyPart combos imaginable
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, Plurality { id: BodyId::Index(0), part: BodyPart::Members { count: 10 } }).into();
    // Account in Relay
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, AccountId32 { network: None, id: [0u8; 32] }).into();

    From the perspective of the Smart Contract

    // Asset in Parachain A
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, Parent, Parachain(1000), PalletInstance(1), GeneralIndex(1)).into();

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-junctions.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-junctions.html index 85fe6fa06fdd..0ffee38501cd 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-junctions.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-junctions.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ relay chain from the perspective of the Polkadot relay chain as {parents: 1, interior: GlobalConsensus(Kusama)}. An example use case could be routing XCMs between global consensus networks using bridges.

    Multiple ways to create a MultiLocation​

    // Current Location
    MultiLocation {parents: 0, interior: Here};
    MultiLocation::new(0, Here);
    MultiLocation::here();
    MultiLocation::default();
    let _: MultiLocation = Here.into();

    // Parent Location
    MultiLocation {parents: 1, interior: Here};
    MultiLocation::parent();
    let _: MultiLocation = Parent.into();

    // Conversion
    MultiLocation { parents: 2, interior: X2(Parachain(1), GeneralIndex(1))};
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, Parent, Parachain(1), GeneralIndex(1)).into();
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-summary.html index 7f0df9cc4521..d682f75330d8 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ .. are followed by some number of Junctions, all separated by /. The X1 and X2 variants are expressing the number of Junctions that we step down in the hierarchical structure (see Junctions for an explanation).

    // From: RelayA
    // To: ParaB
    // Location: Parachain(2000)
    MultiLocation {parents: 0, interior: X1(Parachain(2000))};
    // To: Account in ParaA
    // Location: Parachain(1000)/AccountId32(0x00..)
    MultiLocation {
        parents: 0,
        interior: X2(
            Parachain(1000),
            AccountId32{network: None, id: [0u8; 32]}
        )
    };

    // From: ParaB
    // To: RelayA
    // Location: ../Here
    MultiLocation {parents: 1, interior: Here};
    // To: Account in ParaA
    // Location: ../Parachain(1000)/AccountId32(0x00..)
    MultiLocation {
        parents: 1,
        interior: X2(
            Parachain(1000),
            AccountId32{network: None, id: [0u8; 32]}
        )
    };

    What's next:​

    • More information about junctions
    • More MultiLocation examples
    • Expressing assets using Multilocations: [MultiAsset][../multiasset.md]
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation.html index 0ab95f3c6e43..80b995fab82c 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    MultiLocation

    The MultiLocation Type.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/introduction.html b/docs/learn/xcm/introduction.html index 94ff03404ed2..4b438caed7b4 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/introduction.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/introduction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ open an issue. If you want to contribute to the format, check out the RFC process.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-assets.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-assets.html index 80a8fa071fb9..d3c42bff97a6 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-assets.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-assets.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ relay chain. The assets are trapped because an error is thrown and the execution is halted. Parachain A claims the trapped assets and receives a report of the holding register.

    Parachain A sends the following message to the relay chain. The message errors because of the Trap instruction, so all assets in the Holding Register are trapped.

    let message = Xcm(vec![
        WithdrawAsset((Here, 10 * CENTS).into()),
        BuyExecution { fees: (Here, CENTS).into(), weight_limit: WeightLimit::Unlimited },
        Trap(0), // <-- Errors
        DepositAsset { // <-- Not executed because of error.
            assets: All.into(),
            beneficiary: AccountId32 {
                network: Some(parachain::RelayNetwork::get()),
                id: ALICE.into()
            }.into()
        }
    ]);

    Parachain A claims the assets, reports them to itself and deposits them in the Account of Alice.

    let claim_message = Xcm(vec![
        ClaimAsset { assets: (Here, 10 * CENTS).into(), ticket: Here.into() },
        ReportHolding {
            response_info: QueryResponseInfo {
                destination: Parachain(1).into(),
                query_id: QUERY_ID,
                max_weight: Weight::from_parts(1_000_000_000, 64*64) },
            assets: All.into()
        },
        DepositAsset {
            assets: All.into(),
            beneficiary: AccountId32 {
                network: Some(parachain::RelayNetwork::get()),
                id: ALICE.into()
            }.into()
        },
    ]);
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-channels.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-channels.html index e06d8317ef30..4b555d11d011 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-channels.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-channels.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ network), you would call with network: NetworkId::Kusama and destination: X1(Parachain(1000)). Alternatively, to export a message for execution on Polkadot, you would call with network: NetworkId:: Polkadot and destination: Here.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-expectations.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-expectations.html index 30211acd239c..0cd3131483b4 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-expectations.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-expectations.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ the error handler, when a specific error is thrown.

        ExpectError(Option<(u32, Error)>)

    Example​

    For the full example, check here.

    SetErrorHandler(Xcm(vec![
        ExpectError(Some((1, XcmError::VersionIncompatible))),
        ReportError(QueryResponseInfo {
            destination: Parachain(1).into(),
            query_id: QUERY_ID,
            max_weight: Weight::from_all(0),
        }),
    ])),
    // Pallet index is wrong, so throws `PalletNotFound` error.
    ExpectPallet {
        index: 100,
        name: "Balances".into(),
        module_name: "pallet_balances".into(),
        crate_major: 4,
        min_crate_minor: 0,
    },

    ExpectTransactStatus​

    The ExpectTransactStatus instruction throws an ExpectationFalse error if the transact status register does not equal the expected transact status.

    Example​

    For the full example, check here. The transact status is reported to Parachain(1) if the call in the Transact errors.

    SetErrorHandler(Xcm(vec![ReportTransactStatus(QueryResponseInfo {
        destination: Parachain(1).into(),
        query_id: QUERY_ID,
        max_weight: Weight::from_all(0),
    })])),
    Transact {
        origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
        require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
        call: call.encode().into(),
    },
    ExpectTransactStatus(MaybeErrorCode::Success),
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-fees.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-fees.html index 51233cd5387d..c8e5fc5cc43a 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-fees.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-fees.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ throws an error, the error handler will be called and the weight for all the instructions that weren't executed is refunded. For the full example, check our repo.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-holding.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-holding.html index 6a9702a6eb2c..a718b5a77fe0 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-holding.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-holding.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ results could differ.

    The Assets in the exchange in Parachain(1). This is a custom exchange implementation just for testing purposes.

    let assets_in_exchange = vec![(Parent, 10 * CENTS).into()];
    parachain::set_exchange_assets(assets_in_exchange);

    The message that is send:

    let message = Xcm(vec![
        WithdrawAsset((Here, 10 * CENTS).into()),
        BuyExecution { fees: (Here, CENTS).into(), weight_limit: WeightLimit::Unlimited },
        // Maximal field set to true.
        ExchangeAsset {
            give: Definite((Here, 5 * CENTS).into()),
            want: (Parent, 5 * CENTS).into(),
            maximal: true,
        },
        DepositAsset {
            assets: AllCounted(2).into(),
            beneficiary: AccountId32 {
                network: Some(parachain::RelayNetwork::get()),
                id: ALICE.into(),
            }
            .into(),
        },
    ]);

    Alice receives 5 CENTS worth of native assets (Here) and 5 CENTS worth of relay chain derivative assets (Parent).

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-locks.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-locks.html index e1b50fec33fe..e3fb185265ad 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-locks.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-locks.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ pallet-balances: 10.
    ParaA::execute_with(|| {
        let message = Xcm(vec![
            LockAsset { asset: (Here, 10 * CENTS).into(), unlocker: (Parachain(2)).into() },
            LockAsset { asset: (Here, 5 * CENTS).into(), unlocker: (Parachain(3)).into() },
        ]);
        assert_ok!(ParachainPalletXcm::send_xcm(Here, Parent, message.clone()));
    });

    Relay::execute_with(|| {
        assert_eq!(
            relay_chain::Balances::locks(&parachain_sovereign_account_id(1)),
            vec![BalanceLock { id: *b"py/xcmlk", amount: 10 * CENTS, reasons: Reasons::All }]
        );
    });
    1. Parachain B and C receive the NoteUnlockable instruction.
    ParaB::execute_with(|| {
        assert_eq!(
            parachain::MsgQueue::received_dmp(),
            vec![Xcm(vec![NoteUnlockable {
                owner: (Parent, Parachain(1)).into(),
                asset: (Parent, 10 * CENTS).into()
            }])]
        );
    });

    ParaC::execute_with(|| {
        assert_eq!(
            parachain::MsgQueue::received_dmp(),
            vec![Xcm(vec![NoteUnlockable {
                owner: (Parent, Parachain(1)).into(),
                asset: (Parent, 5 * CENTS).into()
            }])]
        );
    });
    1. Parachain A sends a RequestUnlock instruction to Parachain B for 8 CENTS.
    ParaA::execute_with(|| {
        let message = Xcm(vec![RequestUnlock {
            asset: (Parent, 8 * CENTS).into(),
            locker: Parent.into(),
        }]);

        assert_ok!(ParachainPalletXcm::send_xcm(Here, (Parent, Parachain(2)), message.clone()));
    });
    1. Parachain B Unlocks a part of the funds by sending an UnlockAsset to the relay chain. we check the lock in the balances-pallet. Unlockers: B, C; Funds registered in pallet-xcm: 2, 5. Lock set in pallet-balances: 5.
    Relay::execute_with(|| {
        assert_eq!(
            relay_chain::Balances::locks(&parachain_sovereign_account_id(1)),
            vec![BalanceLock { id: *b"py/xcmlk", amount: 5 * CENTS, reasons: Reasons::All }]
        );
    });
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-origin.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-origin.html index 460f44497c98..d468a8248ba0 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-origin.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-origin.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ for certain values of X (thereby allowing sibling chains to use the same account IDs) or Parachain(X)/ (allowing a Relay-chain to use the account IDs native to its child parachains) or just Parent/ (allowing parachains to use AccountIds of the Relay-chain).

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-queries.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-queries.html index cc359bd0d7a0..4855074ea1d0 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-queries.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-queries.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ specified destination.

    ReportTransactStatus(QueryResponseInfo)

    Example​

    For the full example, check here. Dispatches a call on the consensus system receiving this Xcm and reports back the status of the Transact Status Register.

    Xcm(vec![
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
            require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
            call: remark.encode().into(),
        },
        ReportTransactStatus(QueryResponseInfo {
            destination: Parachain(1).into(),
            query_id: QUERY_ID,
            max_weight: Weight::from_all(0),
        }),
    ]);
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-register.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-register.html index 5825c15f9030..a9856da30746 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-register.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-register.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ and error handler instruction are executed. These instructions are executed regardless of whether an error occurred.

    ClearError​

    ClearError

    The ClearError instruction clears the Error Register by setting it to None.

    ClearTransactStatus​

    ClearTransactStatus

    The ClearTransactStatus instruction sets the Transact Status Register to its default, cleared, value.

    SetTopic​

    SetTopic([u8; 32])

    The SetTopic instruction sets the Topic Register.

    ClearTopic​

    ClearTopic

    The ClearTopic instruction clears the Topic Register.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-summary.html index 5fdfe43c07d2..6d87809fbedc 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@

    A Journey through XCM

    This section will be a step-by-step, practical introduction to all the features XCM has. We'll create XCMs for a variety of use cases, learning about all the instructions available to us along the way. Let's step right in.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-transact.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-transact.html index 1b40371a87e0..f05ae7291ea7 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-transact.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-transact.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Parachain(1). This function requires the origin to be root. We enable the root origin for the relay chain by setting ParentAsSuperuser for the OriginConverter config type.

    let call = parachain::RuntimeCall::Balances(
        pallet_balances::Call::<parachain::Runtime>::set_balance {
            who: ALICE,
            new_free: 5 * AMOUNT,
            new_reserved: 0,
        },
    );

    let message = Xcm(vec![
        WithdrawAsset((Here, AMOUNT).into()),
        BuyExecution { fees: (Here, AMOUNT).into(), weight_limit: WeightLimit::Unlimited },
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::Superuser,
            require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
            call: call.encode().into(),
        },
    ]);

    Example 2​

    For the full example, check the repo.

    In this example, as Parachain(1), we create an NFT collection on the relay chain and we then mint an NFT with ID 1. The admin for the nft collection is parachain(1). The call looks as follows:

    let create_collection = relay_chain::RuntimeCall::Uniques(
        pallet_uniques::Call::<relay_chain::Runtime>::create {
            collection: 1u32,
            admin: parachain_sovereign_account_id(1),
        }
    );

    The owner of the NFT is Alice. The nft mint call looks as follows:

    let mint = relay_chain::RuntimeCall::Uniques(
        pallet_uniques::Call::<relay_chain::Runtime>::mint {
            collection: 1u32,
            item: 1u32,
            owner: ALICE,
        }
    );

    The xcm message contains the following instructions:

    1. Withdraw native assets from the Parachain(1)'s sovereign account.
    2. Buy weight with these assets.
    3. Create a collection with as admin and owner the sovereign account of Parachain(1).
    4. Mints an NFT in the collection with item ID 1 and as owner Alice.
    let message = Xcm(vec![
        WithdrawAsset((Here, AMOUNT).into()),
        BuyExecution { fees: (Here, AMOUNT).into(), weight_limit: WeightLimit::Unlimited },
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
            require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
            call: create_collection.encode().into(),
        },
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
            require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
            call: mint.encode().into(),
        },
    ]);

    Next:​

    Check out the following instructions that interact with the Transact Status Register:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-version.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-version.html index cf3374450898..489d1a692f64 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-version.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-version.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ send back its currently AdvertisedVersion and will keep the subscribed location up to date when the version changes. The subscribed location can unsubscribe to version changes by sending the UnsubscribeVersion instruction.

    SubscribeVersion {
        #[codec(compact)]
        query_id: QueryId,
        max_response_weight: Weight,
    }

    UnsubscribeVersion

    Check out the example.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey.html index d64b5783dccf..62dc079f739d 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    A Journey through XCM

    A Practical Introduction to the XCM Features.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-reserve.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-reserve.html index 676441d96362..dbec6221176f 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-reserve.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-reserve.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ It's the sender the one who doesn't need to trust the destination, since it'll ever only be minting derivatives anyway, the sender/reserve controls the real assets and issuance.

    Next steps​

    Next, we'll talk about a very important topic we mentioned before but skipped in this chapter, paying fees for the effects our XCMs have.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-summary.html index d250da349bf4..990600b36ad1 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ paying for execution and depositing the rest to another account on the same system. The full example can be seen in the repo.

    Transferring between systems​

    But what if you want to make a transfer from one system to another? There are two ways of doing this:

    • Asset teleportation
    • Reserve-backed transfers

    We'll be discussing both in the following chapters.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-teleport.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-teleport.html index 232b6a9aff9e..1a50518afd3c 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-teleport.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-teleport.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ another system. We could do so with the following program:

    let message = Xcm(vec![
      WithdrawAsset((GeneralIndex(1), 42u32).into()),
      InitiateTeleport {
        assets: All.into(),
        dest: Parachain(1).into(),
        xcm: Xcm(vec![DepositAsset {
          assets: All.into(),
          beneficiary: Junction::AccountId32 {
            id: ALICE.into(),
            network: None,
          }.into()
        }]),
      },
    ]);

    Very little changes, in fact, only the MultiAsset we're referencing changes, like we would expect. All the teleportation logic stays the same. The example assumes an NFT with index 42 inside a collection with index 1.

    Next steps​

    We'll look at reserve-backed transfers next.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers.html index 90eedd55578d..65c41167cc75 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Transfers

    Transferring Assets between Consensus Systems with XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-architecture.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-architecture.html index 144a22b8bb3a..8f0011bcf743 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-architecture.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-architecture.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ about later. It's the glue between XCM and FRAME, which is highly used in the Polkadot ecosystem.

    Simulator​

    The simulator allows for testing XCMs fast, without needing to boot up several different nodes in a network, or test in production. It's a very useful tool which we'll use throughout this document to build and test different XCMs.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-format.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-format.html index cf1417c45f45..5b67b5d1ba30 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-format.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-format.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ changes. XCM communicates intentions; the actual interpretation and behaviour of each instruction in an XCM is defined by target's XCVM implementation.

    Both simple and more complex scenarios can be expressed, and developers are encouraged to design and implement diverse cross-consensus communication solutions.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-intro.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-intro.html index e618c5fa1353..544d639e49eb 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-intro.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-intro.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ propose changes, which end up in newer versions, the current one being v3. To keep up with the development of the format, or to propose changes, go to the XCM format repository.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-summary.html index ef2ec76b23e7..288089fe8984 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ interactions between them. XCM is meant to be used by developers to package these interactions into their runtime logic before exposing that functionality to end users.

    This chapter will cover what XCM is, what it isn't, and why it matters before exploring the different components that make up the XCM ecosystem.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-xcvm.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-xcvm.html index 8904e3e659dc..98fcc14a3133 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-xcvm.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-xcvm.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ putting them in and taking them from this register. This register is used by several of the instructions we will look at later, including DepositAsset and WithdrawAsset.

    For more information on other registers, see the All XCVM Registers section.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview.html index 1db80b2b3173..d990b223b3a6 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Overview

    Overview of the XCM Documentation.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-first-look.html b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-first-look.html index 044325ed350c..99a4ad289eff 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-first-look.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-first-look.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ examples for every instruction in the journey through XCM chapter. First, it's important to learn the fundamentals, MultiLocation, MultiAsset, and other concepts in XCM. We'll talk about those next.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-simulator.html b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-simulator.html index 0eaa7f120a98..f5910e99cdd9 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-simulator.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-simulator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ actually test your XCM-powered solution. We'll get into tools and best practices for testing in the testing chapter.

    We'll use the simulator throughout the documentation to show different XCMs in action. In the next section we will take a first look at an XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-summary.html index 6d68fc094b6b..63fc078f8889 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ installation guide.

    Running the Examples​

    All examples in the documentation are located in the repository. Follow these steps to run the first-look example. First clone the repository:

    git clone git@github.com:paritytech/xcm-docs.git
    cd xcm-docs/examples

    To run the first-look example, run the following line:

    cargo test -p xcm-examples para_a_simple_transfer -- --nocapture

    It should show you the following output:

    running 1 test
    test first_look::tests::para_a_simple_transfer ... ok

    test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 1 filtered out; finished in 0.01s
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart.html b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart.html index d4bb68525183..06ff47c7b89b 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Quickstart

    Start Diving into XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/reference-glossary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/reference-glossary.html index 328648dc2056..7405967195f1 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/reference-glossary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/reference-glossary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ through the relay chain.

    HRMP (Horizontal Message Passing)​

    Transport-layer protocol that allows a parachain to send messages to a sibling parachain going through the relay chain. It's a precursor to XCMP, also known as XCMP-lite. It uses a mixture of UMP and VMP.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/reference-xcvm-registers.html b/docs/learn/xcm/reference-xcvm-registers.html index 547fe7f5db8a..22f4861941f9 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/reference-xcvm-registers.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/reference-xcvm-registers.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/references.html b/docs/learn/xcm/references.html index 072c65302132..70e6add63f9c 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/references.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/references.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    References

    References.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/testing.html b/docs/learn/xcm/testing.html index ad1ed93fc1f7..eb025406a59c 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/testing.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/testing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ messaging infrastructure as live networks, as the transport mechanism is being mocked out. Also, consensus related events are not tested, like disputes, staking and iamonline events. To test for these events, parachains can use E2E tests.

    End-to-End testing​

    There are two frameworks being used in the ecosystem to do e2e testing:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/ledger.html b/docs/ledger.html index 7afe29876983..cbf4906d7eba 100644 --- a/docs/ledger.html +++ b/docs/ledger.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ automatically detect the developer release and give the option to install the previous stable release.
    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about Ledger.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-bootnode.html b/docs/maintain-bootnode.html index 31ff82a12343..4b93cc1417f4 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-bootnode.html +++ b/docs/maintain-bootnode.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ port 30311:

    /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/dot-bootnode

    server {
           listen       30312 ssl http2 default_server;
           server_name  dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io;
           root         /var/www/html;

           ssl_certificate "<your_cert";
           ssl_certificate_key "<your_key>";

           location / {
             proxy_buffers 16 4k;
             proxy_buffer_size 2k;
             proxy_pass http://localhost:30311;
             proxy_http_version 1.1;
             proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
             proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade";
             proxy_set_header Host $host;
       }

    }

    Testing Bootnode Connection​

    If we have the above node running with DNS name dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io, proxied with a valid certificate and node-id 12D3KooWAb5MyC1UJiEQJk4Hg4B2Vi3AJdqSUhTGYUqSnEqCFMFg then the following commands should give you a: "syncing 1 peers".

    tip

    You can add -lsub-libp2p=trace on the end to get libp2p trace logging for debugging purposes.

    p2p:

    polkadot --chain polkadot --base-path /tmp/node --name "Bootnode testnode" --reserved-only --reserved-nodes "/dns/dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io/tcp/30310/p2p/12D3KooWAb5MyC1UJiEQJk4Hg4B2Vi3AJdqSUhTGYUqSnEqCFMFg" --no-hardware-benchmarks

    p2p/ws:

    polkadot --chain polkadot --base-path /tmp/node --name "Bootnode testnode" --reserved-only --reserved-nodes "/dns/dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io/tcp/30311/ws/p2p/12D3KooWAb5MyC1UJiEQJk4Hg4B2Vi3AJdqSUhTGYUqSnEqCFMFg" --no-hardware-benchmarks

    p2p/wss:

    polkadot --chain polkadot --base-path /tmp/node --name "Bootnode testnode" --reserved-only --reserved-nodes "/dns/dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io/tcp/30312/wss/p2p/12D3KooWAb5MyC1UJiEQJk4Hg4B2Vi3AJdqSUhTGYUqSnEqCFMFg" --no-hardware-benchmarks
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-endpoints.html b/docs/maintain-endpoints.html index 5080d1bfe3ee..df938f9cb15e 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-endpoints.html +++ b/docs/maintain-endpoints.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ provide additional services such as higher rate limits, potentially more reliable and scalable service, and additional metrics.

    note

    The list of third party RPC endpoints above for Polkadot and Kusama is directly fetched from Polkdot-JS UI

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-errors.html b/docs/maintain-errors.html index 8406652f90db..0bfc18e8e51b 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-errors.html +++ b/docs/maintain-errors.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ will wait to be executed at the correct place in the nonce sequence OR it will get discarded due to some other error (ex. the validity period expires).*

    Error Table​

    The below table is a reference to the errors that exists in Polkadot. It is generated from the runtime's metadata.

    PalletErrorDocumentation
    System (0)
    InvalidSpecName (0)The name of specification does not match between the current runtime and the new runtime.
    SpecVersionNeedsToIncrease (1)The specification version is not allowed to decrease between the current runtime and the new runtime.
    FailedToExtractRuntimeVersion (2)Failed to extract the runtime version from the new runtime. Either calling Core_version or decoding RuntimeVersion failed.
    NonDefaultComposite (3)Suicide called when the account has non-default composite data.
    NonZeroRefCount (4)There is a non-zero reference count preventing the account from being purged.
    Scheduler (1)
    FailedToSchedule (0)Failed to schedule a call
    NotFound (1)Cannot find the scheduled call.
    TargetBlockNumberInPast (2)Given target block number is in the past.
    RescheduleNoChange (3)Reschedule failed because it does not change scheduled time.
    Balances (5)
    VestingBalance (0)Vesting balance too high to send value
    LiquidityRestrictions (1)Account liquidity restrictions prevent withdrawal
    Overflow (2)Got an overflow after adding
    InsufficientBalance (3)Balance too low to send value
    ExistentialDeposit (4)Value too low to create account due to existential deposit
    KeepAlive (5)Transfer/payment would kill account
    ExistingVestingSchedule (6)A vesting schedule already exists for this account
    DeadAccount (7)Beneficiary account must pre-exist
    Authorship (6)
    InvalidUncleParent (0)The uncle parent not in the chain.
    UnclesAlreadySet (1)Uncles already set in the block.
    TooManyUncles (2)Too many uncles.
    GenesisUncle (3)The uncle is genesis.
    TooHighUncle (4)The uncle is too high in chain.
    UncleAlreadyIncluded (5)The uncle is already included.
    OldUncle (6)The uncle isn't recent enough to be included.
    Staking (7)
    NotController (0)Not a controller account.
    NotStash (1)Not a stash account.
    AlreadyBonded (2)Stash is already bonded.
    AlreadyPaired (3)Controller is already paired.
    EmptyTargets (4)Targets cannot be empty.
    DuplicateIndex (5)Duplicate index.
    InvalidSlashIndex (6)Slash record index out of bounds.
    InsufficientValue (7)Can not bond with value less than minimum balance.
    NoMoreChunks (8)Can not schedule more unlock chunks.
    NoUnlockChunk (9)Can not rebond without unlocking chunks.
    FundedTarget (10)Attempting to target a stash that still has funds.
    InvalidEraToReward (11)Invalid era to reward.
    InvalidNumberOfNominations (12)Invalid number of nominations.
    NotSortedAndUnique (13)Items are not sorted and unique.
    AlreadyClaimed (14)Rewards for this era have already been claimed for this validator.
    OffchainElectionEarlySubmission (15)The submitted result is received out of the open window.
    OffchainElectionWeakSubmission (16)The submitted result is not as good as the one stored on chain.
    SnapshotUnavailable (17)The snapshot data of the current window is missing.
    OffchainElectionBogusWinnerCount (18)Incorrect number of winners were presented.
    OffchainElectionBogusWinner (19)One of the submitted winners is not an active candidate on chain (index is out of range in snapshot).
    OffchainElectionBogusCompact (20)Error while building the assignment type from the compact. This can happen if an index is invalid, or if the weights overflow.
    OffchainElectionBogusNominator (21)One of the submitted nominators is not an active nominator on chain.
    OffchainElectionBogusNomination (22)One of the submitted nominators has an edge to which they have not voted on chain.
    OffchainElectionSlashedNomination (23)One of the submitted nominators has an edge which is submitted before the last non-zero slash of the target.
    OffchainElectionBogusSelfVote (24)A self vote must only be originated from a validator to ONLY themselves.
    OffchainElectionBogusEdge (25)The submitted result has unknown edges that are not among the presented winners.
    OffchainElectionBogusScore (26)The claimed score does not match with the one computed from the data.
    OffchainElectionBogusElectionSize (27)The election size is invalid.
    CallNotAllowed (28)The call is not allowed at the given time due to restrictions of election period.
    IncorrectHistoryDepth (29)Incorrect previous history depth input provided.
    IncorrectSlashingSpans (30)Incorrect number of slashing spans provided.
    Session (9)
    InvalidProof (0)Invalid ownership proof.
    NoAssociatedValidatorId (1)No associated validator ID for account.
    DuplicatedKey (2)Registered duplicate key.
    NoKeys (3)No keys are associated with this account.
    Grandpa (11)
    PauseFailed (0)Attempt to signal GRANDPA pause when the authority set isn't live (either paused or already pending pause).
    ResumeFailed (1)Attempt to signal GRANDPA resume when the authority set isn't paused (either live or already pending resume).
    ChangePending (2)Attempt to signal GRANDPA change with one already pending.
    TooSoon (3)Cannot signal forced change so soon after last.
    InvalidKeyOwnershipProof (4)A key ownership proof provided as part of an equivocation report is invalid.
    InvalidEquivocationProof (5)An equivocation proof provided as part of an equivocation report is invalid.
    DuplicateOffenceReport (6)A given equivocation report is valid but already previously reported.
    ImOnline (12)
    InvalidKey (0)Non existent public key.
    DuplicatedHeartbeat (1)Duplicated heartbeat.
    Democracy (14)
    ValueLow (0)Value too low
    ProposalMissing (1)Proposal does not exist
    BadIndex (2)Unknown index
    AlreadyCanceled (3)Cannot cancel the same proposal twice
    DuplicateProposal (4)Proposal already made
    ProposalBlacklisted (5)Proposal still blacklisted
    NotSimpleMajority (6)Next external proposal not simple majority
    InvalidHash (7)Invalid hash
    NoProposal (8)No external proposal
    AlreadyVetoed (9)Identity may not veto a proposal twice
    NotDelegated (10)Not delegated
    DuplicatePreimage (11)Preimage already noted
    NotImminent (12)Not imminent
    TooEarly (13)Too early
    Imminent (14)Imminent
    PreimageMissing (15)Preimage not found
    ReferendumInvalid (16)Vote given for invalid referendum
    PreimageInvalid (17)Invalid preimage
    NoneWaiting (18)No proposals waiting
    NotLocked (19)The target account does not have a lock.
    NotExpired (20)The lock on the account to be unlocked has not yet expired.
    NotVoter (21)The given account did not vote on the referendum.
    NoPermission (22)The actor has no permission to conduct the action.
    AlreadyDelegating (23)The account is already delegating.
    Overflow (24)An unexpected integer overflow occurred.
    Underflow (25)An unexpected integer underflow occurred.
    InsufficientFunds (26)Too high a balance was provided that the account cannot afford.
    NotDelegating (27)The account is not currently delegating.
    VotesExist (28)The account currently has votes attached to it and the operation cannot succeed until these are removed, either through unvote or reap_vote.
    InstantNotAllowed (29)The instant referendum origin is currently disallowed.
    Nonsense (30)Delegation to oneself makes no sense.
    WrongUpperBound (31)Invalid upper bound.
    MaxVotesReached (32)Maximum number of votes reached.
    InvalidWitness (33)The provided witness data is wrong.
    TooManyProposals (34)Maximum number of proposals reached.
    Council (15)
    NotMember (0)Account is not a member
    DuplicateProposal (1)Duplicate proposals not allowed
    ProposalMissing (2)Proposal must exist
    WrongIndex (3)Mismatched index
    DuplicateVote (4)Duplicate vote ignored
    AlreadyInitialized (5)Members are already initialized!
    TooEarly (6)The close call was made too early, before the end of the voting.
    TooManyProposals (7)There can only be a maximum of MaxProposals active proposals.
    WrongProposalWeight (8)The given weight bound for the proposal was too low.
    WrongProposalLength (9)The given length bound for the proposal was too low.
    TechnicalCommittee (16)
    NotMember (0)Account is not a member
    DuplicateProposal (1)Duplicate proposals not allowed
    ProposalMissing (2)Proposal must exist
    WrongIndex (3)Mismatched index
    DuplicateVote (4)Duplicate vote ignored
    AlreadyInitialized (5)Members are already initialized!
    TooEarly (6)The close call was made too early, before the end of the voting.
    TooManyProposals (7)There can only be a maximum of MaxProposals active proposals.
    WrongProposalWeight (8)The given weight bound for the proposal was too low.
    WrongProposalLength (9)The given length bound for the proposal was too low.
    ElectionsPhragmen (17)
    UnableToVote (0)Cannot vote when no candidates or members exist.
    NoVotes (1)Must vote for at least one candidate.
    TooManyVotes (2)Cannot vote more than candidates.
    MaximumVotesExceeded (3)Cannot vote more than maximum allowed.
    LowBalance (4)Cannot vote with stake less than minimum balance.
    UnableToPayBond (5)Voter can not pay voting bond.
    MustBeVoter (6)Must be a voter.
    ReportSelf (7)Cannot report self.
    DuplicatedCandidate (8)Duplicated candidate submission.
    MemberSubmit (9)Member cannot re-submit candidacy.
    RunnerSubmit (10)Runner cannot re-submit candidacy.
    InsufficientCandidateFunds (11)Candidate does not have enough funds.
    NotMember (12)Not a member.
    InvalidCandidateCount (13)The provided count of number of candidates is incorrect.
    InvalidVoteCount (14)The provided count of number of votes is incorrect.
    InvalidRenouncing (15)The renouncing origin presented a wrong Renouncing parameter.
    InvalidReplacement (16)Prediction regarding replacement after member removal is wrong.
    Treasury (19)
    InsufficientProposersBalance (0)Proposer's balance is too low.
    InvalidIndex (1)No proposal or bounty at that index.
    ReasonTooBig (2)The reason given is just too big.
    AlreadyKnown (3)The tip was already found/started.
    UnknownTip (4)The tip hash is unknown.
    NotFinder (5)The account attempting to retract the tip is not the finder of the tip.
    StillOpen (6)The tip cannot be claimed/closed because there are not enough tippers yet.
    Premature (7)The tip cannot be claimed/closed because it's still in the countdown period.
    UnexpectedStatus (8)The bounty status is unexpected.
    RequireCurator (9)Require bounty curator.
    InvalidValue (10)Invalid bounty value.
    InvalidFee (11)Invalid bounty fee.
    PendingPayout (12)A bounty payout is pending. To cancel the bounty, you must unassign and slash the curator.
    Claims (24)
    InvalidEthereumSignature (0)Invalid Ethereum signature.
    SignerHasNoClaim (1)Ethereum address has no claim.
    SenderHasNoClaim (2)Account ID sending tx has no claim.
    PotUnderflow (3)There's not enough in the pot to pay out some unvested amount. Generally implies a logic error.
    InvalidStatement (4)A needed statement was not included.
    VestedBalanceExists (5)The account already has a vested balance.
    Vesting (25)
    NotVesting (0)The account given is not vesting.
    ExistingVestingSchedule (1)An existing vesting schedule already exists for this account that cannot be clobbered.
    AmountLow (2)Amount being transferred is too low to create a vesting schedule.
    Identity (28)
    TooManySubAccounts (0)Too many subs-accounts.
    NotFound (1)Account isn't found.
    NotNamed (2)Account isn't named.
    EmptyIndex (3)Empty index.
    FeeChanged (4)Fee is changed.
    NoIdentity (5)No identity found.
    StickyJudgement (6)Sticky judgement.
    JudgementGiven (7)Judgement given.
    InvalidJudgement (8)Invalid judgement.
    InvalidIndex (9)The index is invalid.
    InvalidTarget (10)The target is invalid.
    TooManyFields (11)Too many additional fields.
    TooManyRegistrars (12)Maximum amount of registrars reached. Cannot add any more.
    AlreadyClaimed (13)Account ID is already named.
    NotSub (14)Sender is not a sub-account.
    NotOwned (15)Sub-account isn't owned by sender.
    Proxy (29)
    TooMany (0)There are too many proxies registered or too many announcements pending.
    NotFound (1)Proxy registration not found.
    NotProxy (2)Sender is not a proxy of the account to be proxied.
    Unproxyable (3)A call which is incompatible with the proxy type's filter was attempted.
    Duplicate (4)Account is already a proxy.
    NoPermission (5)Call may not be made by proxy because it may escalate its privileges.
    Unannounced (6)Announcement, if made at all, was made too recently.
    Multisig (30)
    MinimumThreshold (0)Threshold must be 2 or greater.
    AlreadyApproved (1)Call is already approved by this signatory.
    NoApprovalsNeeded (2)Call doesn't need any (more) approvals.
    TooFewSignatories (3)There are too few signatories in the list.
    TooManySignatories (4)There are too many signatories in the list.
    SignatoriesOutOfOrder (5)The signatories were provided out of order; they should be ordered.
    SenderInSignatories (6)The sender was contained in the other signatories; it shouldn't be.
    NotFound (7)Multisig operation not found when attempting to cancel.
    NotOwner (8)Only the account that originally created the multisig is able to cancel it.
    NoTimepoint (9)No timepoint was given, yet the multisig operation is already underway.
    WrongTimepoint (10)A different timepoint was given to the multisig operation that is underway.
    UnexpectedTimepoint (11)A timepoint was given, yet no multisig operation is underway.
    WeightTooLow (12)The maximum weight information provided was too low.
    AlreadyStored (13)The data to be stored is already stored.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-async-backing.html b/docs/maintain-guides-async-backing.html index 883711fabb0a..165b846122a5 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-async-backing.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-async-backing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -63,7 +63,9 @@ parachain block when determining what to build upon. This collator also builds additional blocks when the maximum backlog is not saturated. The size of the backlog is determined by invoking the AuraUnincludedSegmentApi. If that runtime API is not supported, this assumes a maximum backlog -size of 1.

    Phase 1 - Update Parachain Runtime​

    This phase involves configuring your parachain’s runtime to make use of async backing system.

    1. Establish constants for capacity and velocity and set both of them to 1 in +size of 1.

      2. Prerequisite​

      The relay chain needs to have async backing enabled so double-check that the relay-chain configuration +contains the following three parameters (especially when testing locally e.g. with zombienet):

      "async_backing_params": {
          "max_candidate_depth": 3,
          "allowed_ancestry_len": 2
      },
      "scheduling_lookahead": 2

      ⚠️ scheduling_lookahead must be set to 2, otherwise parachain block times will degrade to worse +than with sync backing! ⚠️

      Phase 1 - Update Parachain Runtime​

      This phase involves configuring your parachain’s runtime to make use of async backing system.

      1. Establish constants for capacity and velocity and set both of them to 1 in /runtime/src/lib.rs.

      2. Establish a constant relay chain slot duration measured in milliseconds equal to 6000 in /runtime/src/lib.rs.

      capacity-velocity

      1. Establish constants MILLISECS_PER_BLOCK and SLOT_DURATION if not already present in /runtime/src/lib.rs.

      capacity-velocity

      1. Configure cumulus_pallet_parachain_system in runtime/src/lib.rs

        • Define a FixedVelocityConsensusHook using our capacity, velocity, and relay slot duration @@ -83,16 +85,14 @@ candidates will be rejected.

          Aura-params

          1. In start_consensus() replace basic_aura::run with aura::run

          Aura-run

          Phase 3 - Activate Async Backing​

          This phase consists of changes to your parachain’s runtime that activate async backing feature.

          1. Configure pallet_aura, setting AllowMultipleBlocksPerSlot to true in runtime/src/lib.rs.

          Aura-allow-multiple-blocks

          1. Increase the maximum UNINCLUDED_SEGMENT_CAPACITY in runtime/src/lib.rs.

          Unincluded-segment-capacity

          1. Decrease MILLISECS_PER_BLOCK to 6000.
          • Note: For a parachain which measures time in terms of its own block number rather than by relay block number it may be preferable to increase velocity. Changing block time may cause complications, requiring additional changes. See the section “Timing by Block Number”.

          block-time

          1. Update MAXIMUM_BLOCK_WEIGHT to reflect the increased time available for block production.

          block-weight

          1. Add a feature flagged alternative for MinimumPeriod in pallet_timestamp. The type should be -ConstU64<0> with the feature flag experimental, and ConstU64<{SLOT_DURATION / 2}> without.

          minimum-period

          1. Check parameters: double-check that the relay-chain configuration contains the following three -parameters (especially when testing locally e.g. with zombienet):
          "async_backing_params": {
              "max_candidate_depth": 3,
              "allowed_ancestry_len": 2
          },
          "scheduling_lookahead": 2

          ⚠️ scheduling_lookahead must be set to 2, otherwise parachain block times will degrade to worse -than with sync backing! ⚠️

          Timing by Block Number​

          With asynchronous backing it will be possible for parachains to opt for a block time of 6 seconds +ConstU64<0> with the feature flag experimental, and ConstU64<{SLOT_DURATION / 2}> without.

      minimum-period

      Timing by Block Number​

      With asynchronous backing it will be possible for parachains to opt for a block time of 6 seconds rather than 12 seconds. But modifying block duration isn’t so simple for a parachain which was measuring time in terms of its own block number. It could result in expected and actual time not matching up, stalling the parachain.

      One strategy to deal with this issue is to instead rely on relay chain block numbers for timing. Relay block number is kept track of by each parachain in pallet-parachain-system with the storage value LastRelayChainBlockNumber. This value can be obtained and used wherever timing based on -block number is needed.

      - +block number is needed.

      + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-avoid-slashing.html b/docs/maintain-guides-avoid-slashing.html index a8bf84ae251c..a1147eca46e1 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-avoid-slashing.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-avoid-slashing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ obtain pristine binaries or source code and to ensure the security of their node:

      1. Always download either source files or binaries from the official Parity repository
      2. Verify the hash of downloaded files.
      3. Use the W3F secure validator setup or adhere to its principles
      4. Ensure essential security items are checked, use a firewall, manage user access, use SSH certificates
      5. Avoid using your server as a general-purpose system. Hosting a validator on your workstation or one that hosts other services increases the risk of maleficence.

      Examples​

      NetworkEraEvent TypeDetailsAction Taken
      Polkadot774Small EquivocationThe validator migrated servers and cloned the keystore folder. The on-chain event can be viewed here.The validator did not submit a request for the slash to be canceled.
      Kusama3329Small EquivocationThe validator operated a test machine with cloned keys; the test machine was online at the same time as the primary, which resulted in a slash. Details can be found here.The validator requested a cancellation of the slash, but the council declined.
      Kusama3995Small EquivocationThe validator noticed several errors, after which the client crashed, and a slash was applied. The validator recorded all events and opened GitHub issues to allow for technical opinions to be shared. Details can be found here.The validator requested to cancel the slash. The council approved the request as they believed the error was not operator related.
      Kusama4543Medium UnresponsivenessA large amount of disputes flooded the network resulting in an application fault. The fault caused the client software to hang and as a result ~197 unique validators become unresponsive. Further details can be found here.The pending slash was cancelled and with runtime 9350 all lost nominations were restored. The application bug was addressed with client version 0.9.36
      - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-democracy.html b/docs/maintain-guides-democracy.html index 8c90e03c0590..d7636babbdf6 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-democracy.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-democracy.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ a decimal integer. The bitfield stores both the conviction and aye/nay boolean, where the boolean is represented using the MSB of the byte. This would mean that the grouping of the 7 remaining bits is used to store the conviction.

      - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-chill.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-chill.html index 03f441a6b616..8ab24326897b 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-chill.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-chill.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Polkadot is set to None eliminating the upper bound on the number of nominators on the network. Due to this, the chillOther extrinsic on Polkadot network has no effect as the chill threshold will never be met.

      - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-join-council.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-join-council.html index 612c77089e25..7646945cdcde 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-join-council.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-join-council.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ the row "Members".

      council members list

      Now you are able to participate on the council by making motions or voting proposals. To join in on the active discussions, join the Polkadot Direction channel.

      - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-monitor-your-node.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-monitor-your-node.html index 8142792022b4..8e4d66a89a96 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-monitor-your-node.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-monitor-your-node.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ here. There are other interesting alerts you may find useful here.

      groups:
        - name: alert_rules
          rules:
            - alert: InstanceDown
              expr: up == 0
              for: 5m
              labels:
                severity: critical
              annotations:
                summary: "Instance [{{ $labels.instance }}] down"
                description: "[{{ $labels.instance }}] of job [{{ $labels.job }}] has been down for more than 1 minute."

      Change the ownership of this file to prometheus instead of root by running:

      sudo chown prometheus:prometheus rules.yml

      To check the rules defined in the "rules.yml" is syntactically correct, run the following command:

      sudo -u prometheus promtool check rules rules.yml

      Finally, restart everything by running:

      sudo systemctl restart prometheus && sudo systemctl restart alertmanager

      Now if one of your target instances down, you will receive an alert on the AlertManager and Gmail like below.

      grafana-am-6

      - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-kusama.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-kusama.html index d4c9df928f04..692638f38333 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-kusama.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-kusama.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Polkascan. Also, you can verify the bonding state under the Staking page on the Polkadot-JS Apps Dashboard.

      Step 3. Nominate a validator​

      To nominate a validator, you can execute the following command:

      polkadot-js-api --seed "MNEMONIC_PHRASE" tx.staking.nominate '["VALIDATOR_ADDRESS"]' --ws WS_ENDPOINT
      polkadot-js-api --seed "xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx" tx.staking.nominate '["CmD9vaMYoiKe7HiFnfkftwvhKbxN9bhyjcDrfFRGbifJEG8","E457XaKbj2yTB2URy8N4UuzmyuFRkcdxYs67UvSgVr7HyFb"]' --ws wss://kusama-rpc.polkadot.io/

      After a few seconds, you should see the hash of the transaction and if you would like to verify the nomination status, you can check that on the Polkadot-JS UI as well.

      - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-polkadot.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-polkadot.html index 423ff58977ce..e87d6bab0150 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-polkadot.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-polkadot.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Polkascan. Also, you can verify the bonding state under the Staking page on the Polkadot-JS Apps Dashboard.

      Step 3. Nominate a validator​

      To nominate a validator, you can execute the following command:

      polkadot-js-api --seed "MNEMONIC_PHRASE" tx.staking.nominate '["VALIDATOR_ADDRESS"]' --ws WS_ENDPOINT
      polkadot-js-api --seed "xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx" tx.staking.nominate '["CmD9vaMYoiKe7HiFnfkftwvhKbxN9bhyjcDrfFRGbifJEG8","E457XaKbj2yTB2URy8N4UuzmyuFRkcdxYs67UvSgVr7HyFb"]' --ws wss://rpc.polkadot.io

      After a few seconds, you should see the hash of the transaction, and if you would like to verify the nomination status, you can check that on the Polkadot-JS UI as well.

      - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-stop-validating.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-stop-validating.html index 2fbb17d4591b..b72825ec2398 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-stop-validating.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-stop-validating.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ transfer your tokens.

      See Unbonding and Rebonding for more details.

      Unbond your tokens​

      Unbonding your tokens can be done through the Network > Staking > Account actions page in PolkadotJS Apps by clicking the corresponding stash account dropdown and selecting "Unbond funds". This can also be done through the staking.unbond() extrinsic with the staking proxy account.

      - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-systemd.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-systemd.html index 8336db9d4e51..56d7d92a221d 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-systemd.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-systemd.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ not recognize votes that didn't make it to disk, and will then cast conflicting votes. Delaying the restart will allow the network to progress past potentially conflicting votes, at which point other nodes will not accept them.

      To enable this to autostart on bootup run:

      systemctl enable polkadot-validator.service

      Start it manually with:

      systemctl start polkadot-validator.service

      You can check that it's working with:

      systemctl status polkadot-validator.service

      You can tail the logs with journalctl like so:

      journalctl -f -u polkadot-validator
      - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-upgrade.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-upgrade.html index 13438fe5a856..f382b683d36d 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-upgrade.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-upgrade.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Validator A.
    2. Take note of the Session that this extrinsic was executed in.

    Again, it is imperative that Validator B is kept running until the current session finishes and two further full sessions have elapsed.

    Once this time has elapsed, Validator A will take over. You can safely stop Validator B.

    NOTE: To verify that the Session has changed, make sure that a block in the new Session is finalized. You should see log messages like the ones below to confirm the change:

    2019-10-28 21:44:13 Applying authority set change scheduled at block #450092
    2019-10-28 21:44:13 Applying GRANDPA set change to new set with 20 authorities
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-kusama.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-kusama.html index 011fcf0c0a19..d27458ec1bfd 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-kusama.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-kusama.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ validator payout document.

    Run a Kusama Validator​

    Running a validator on the Kusama network is identical to running a Polkadot validator. Check out the Polkadot guide on how to setup a validator.

    Make sure to adjust the Polkadot guide to run a Kusama network validator (the instructions will also be available in the Polkadot Validator guide):

    • When starting the node pass --chain=kusama CLI flag
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-polkadot.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-polkadot.html index 54dc78cc8a58..8889155f4b6d 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-polkadot.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-polkadot.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ instance, Digital Ocean lists "Mining of Cryptocurrencies" under the Network Abuse section of their Acceptable Use Policy and requires explicit permission to do so. This may extend to other cryptocurrency activity.

    Edit this page
    Last updated on by Luis Antonio Obis Aparicio
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-vote-councillor.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-vote-councillor.html index d107e051fa0a..9d64fa3d5aa2 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-vote-councillor.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-vote-councillor.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Polkadot-JS Apps Dashboard.

    Under the "Council overview" tab, click on "Vote".

    polkadotjs_removeVoter

    Issue the "Unvote all" option.

    When the transaction is included in a block you should have your reserved tokens made liquid again and your vote will no longer be counting for any councillors in the elections starting in the next term.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-secure-validator.html b/docs/maintain-guides-secure-validator.html index 2f65ad617f15..e16ded966204 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-secure-validator.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-secure-validator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ hardware. The provisioning of the validator machine should be automated and defined in code. This code should be kept in private version control, reviewed, audited, and tested.

  • Session keys should be generated and provided in a secure way.

  • Polkadot should be started at boot and restarted if stopped for any reason (supervisor process).

  • Polkadot should run as a non-root user.

    • Monitoring​

    • There should be an on-call rotation for managing the alerts.

    • There should be a clear protocol with actions to perform for each level of each alert and an escalation policy.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-society-kusama.html b/docs/maintain-guides-society-kusama.html index 4855a8504a31..8a9e42b58a71 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-society-kusama.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-society-kusama.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ extrinsic's parameters go to Element 1 ("proposal") -> "value" -> "params" -> Element 2 ("rules") and copy the value corresponding to the key "value". You can use a hex-to-UTF8 converter to then display the text. Note that the text is formatted with Markdown.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-validator-community.html b/docs/maintain-guides-validator-community.html index 354fb3fb4ab9..508c855d122e 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-validator-community.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-validator-community.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ monitoring, observability services, staking dashboards, wallets, command-line utilities, or porting implementations to other languages. Additionally, this may also be eligible to be funded via a Web3 Foundation Grant.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-validator-payout.html b/docs/maintain-guides-validator-payout.html index a0399a7ab510..3907c0e544d2 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-validator-payout.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-validator-payout.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ brackets ([]) next to each validator. Note that since the validator payment is public knowledge, having a low or non-existent validator payment may attract more stake from nominators, since they know they will receive a larger reward.

    Validator Set Size (v): 4
    Validator 1 Stake (v1) [20% commission]: 18 DOT (9 validator, 9 nominator)
    Validator 2 Stake (v2) [40% commission]:  9 DOT (3 validator, 6 nominator)
    Validator 3 Stake (v3) [10% commission]:  8 DOT (4 validator, 4 nominator)
    Validator 4 Stake (v4) [ 0% commission]:  6 DOT (1 validator, 5 nominator)
    Payout (p): 8 DOT

    Payout for each validator (v1 - v4):
    p / v = 8 / 4 = 2 DOT

    v1:
    (0.2 * 2) = 0.4 DOT -> validator payment
    (2 - 0.4) = 1.6 -> shared between all stake
    (9 / 18) * 1.6 = 0.8 -> validator stake share
    (9 / 18) * 1.6 = 0.8 -> nominator stake share
    v1 validator total reward: 0.4 + 0.8 = 1.2 DOT
    v1 nominator reward: 0.8 DOT

    v2:
    (0.4 * 2) = 0.8 DOT -> validator payment
    (2 - 0.8) = 1.2 -> shared between all stake
    (3 / 9) * 1.2 = 0.4 -> validator stake share
    (6 / 9) * 1.2 = 0.8 -> nominator stake share
    v2 validator total reward: 0.8 + 0.4 = 1.2 DOT
    v2 nominator reward: 0.8 DOT

    v3:
    (0.1 * 2) = 0.2 DOT -> validator payment
    (2 - 0.2) = 1.8 -> shared between all stake
    (4 / 8) * 1.8 = 0.9 -> validator stake share
    (4 / 8) * 1.8 = 0.9 -> nominator stake share
    v3 validator total reward: 0.2 + 0.9 DOT = 1.1 DOT
    v3 nominator reward: 0.9 DOT

    v4:
    (0 * 2) = 0 DOT -> validator payment
    (2 - 0) = 2.0 -> shared between all stake
    (1 / 6) * 2 = 0.33 -> validator stake share
    (5 / 6) * 2 = 1.67 -> nominator stake share
    v4 validator total reward: 0 + 0.33 DOT = 0.33 DOT
    v4 nominator reward: 1.67 DOT
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-index.html b/docs/maintain-index.html index 42ff7a3f88ee..5aa66247de5b 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-index.html +++ b/docs/maintain-index.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ participate in governance.
  • How to join the Council - Step by step guide for running for the Council.
  • How to vote for a Councillor - Step by step guide for voting for your favorite councillors.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-networks.html b/docs/maintain-networks.html index 94bb5d89ee6f..c92531448f4e 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-networks.html +++ b/docs/maintain-networks.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ the public Telemetry service.

    You can verify that your node is connected by navigating to the correct network on the dashboard and finding the name of your node.

    There is a built-in search function on the nodes page. Simply start typing keystrokes in the main window to make it available.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-polkadot-parameters.html b/docs/maintain-polkadot-parameters.html index 74cd0a810e08..443c2e7cd002 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-polkadot-parameters.html +++ b/docs/maintain-polkadot-parameters.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ 16.

    PolkadotTimeSlotsDescription
    Term duration1 Day14_400The time for which a validator is in the set after being elected. Note, this duration can be shortened in the case that a validator misbehaves.
    Nomination period1 Day14_400How often a new validator set is elected according to Phragmén's method.
    Bonding duration28 days403_200How long until your funds will be transferrable after unbonding. Note that the bonding duration is defined in eras, not directly by slots.
    Slash defer duration28 days403_200Prevents overslashing and validators "escaping" and getting their nominators slashed with no repercussions to themselves. Note that the bonding duration is defined in eras, not directly by slots.

    Parachains​

    Crowdloans and AuctionsTimeSlotsDescription
    Auction duration7 days100_800The total duration of the slot auction, subject to the candle auction mechanism.
    Opening period2 days28_800The opening period of the slot auction.
    Ending period5 days72_000The ending period of the slot auction.
    Parachain SlotTimeSlotsDescription
    Lease period12 weeks1_209_600The length of one lease period in a parachain slot.
    Total slot duration2 years10_512_000The maximum duration a parachain can lease by winning a slot auction (8 lease periods).

    Treasury​

    TreasuryTimeSlotsDescription
    Periods between spends24 days345_600When the treasury can spend again after spending previously.

    Burn percentage is currently 1.00%.

    Precision​

    DOT have 10 decimals of precision. In other words, 10 ** 10 (10_000_000_000 or ten billion) Plancks make up a DOT.

    The denomination of DOT was changed from 12 decimals of precision at block #1,248,328 in an event known as Denomination Day. See Redenomination for details.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-rpc.html b/docs/maintain-rpc.html index ba502a8701f3..7890ca6f725d 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-rpc.html +++ b/docs/maintain-rpc.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ node. Activate the "Development" toggle and input your node's address - either the domain or the IP address. Remember to prefix with wss://, and if you're using the 443 port, append :443 like so: wss://example.com:443.

    A sync-in-progress chain connected to Polkadot-JS UI

    Now you have a secure remote connect setup for your Substrate node.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-sync.html b/docs/maintain-sync.html index 77ea914f4e42..a6a11d3d27ac 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-sync.html +++ b/docs/maintain-sync.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ on localhost by default. If you would like to connect to your node's services (rpc, and prometheus) you need to ensure that you run you node with the --rpc-external, and --prometheus-external commands.

    docker run -p 9944:9944 -p 9615:9615 parity/polkadot:v0.9.13 --name "calling_home_from_a_docker_container" --rpc-external --prometheus-external
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-wss.html b/docs/maintain-wss.html index 815e94ba5e78..0a5e2c581bc1 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-wss.html +++ b/docs/maintain-wss.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ node. Activate the "Development" toggle and input your node's address - either the domain or the IP address. Remember to prefix with wss:// and if you're using the 443 port, append :443, like so: wss://example.com:443.

    A sync-in-progress chain connected to Polkadot-JS UI

    Now you have a secure remote connect setup for your Substrate node.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/metadata.html b/docs/metadata.html index 3b1b527d323d..7897ac5bea55 100644 --- a/docs/metadata.html +++ b/docs/metadata.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ The dropdown below allows you to update the chain selection to visualize. You can search all sub-categories using the provided search field. The information is categorized by the chains Pallets, RPC and Runtime information.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/multisig-apps.html b/docs/multisig-apps.html index cadb8110f914..02a6e6b7669c 100644 --- a/docs/multisig-apps.html +++ b/docs/multisig-apps.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ adding and removing signatories or adjusting the threshold is now possible without creating new multisigs and Multix provides an intuitive interface to work with pure proxies.

    The pure proxy setup used by MultiX can be seen on the pure proxy page.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/parachains-apps.html b/docs/parachains-apps.html index 1f5519898aa6..4e326ecc44ad 100644 --- a/docs/parachains-apps.html +++ b/docs/parachains-apps.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ tokens (LST) “vTokens”, as well as remote exchange, and swapping of vTokens from any chain. The DApp aims to simplify the cross-chain experience by providing a seamless interface for users to interact with vTokens across different chains natively.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadot-direction.html b/docs/polkadot-direction.html index ea51fa147dd6..784bd9e333e7 100644 --- a/docs/polkadot-direction.html +++ b/docs/polkadot-direction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ decentralizing the network is ensuring experts on which the maintenance of the system relies upon are incentivized and recruited over time by the Polkadot network and not by organizations within the Polkadot ecosystem.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadot-v1.html b/docs/polkadot-v1.html index e9ef789a08f9..ae36886cd35d 100644 --- a/docs/polkadot-v1.html +++ b/docs/polkadot-v1.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ could become.

    Polkadot is perfecting its implementation through RFCs to continue being a decentralized, secure, ubiquitous computing engine to power the next generation of Web3 applications.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadot-vault.html b/docs/polkadot-vault.html index 84a2b99200c1..d6a9431aa4e4 100644 --- a/docs/polkadot-vault.html +++ b/docs/polkadot-vault.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ this article for detailed instructions. If you choose this approach, you should trust the provider you choose.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about Polkadot Vault.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadot-vision-index.html b/docs/polkadot-vision-index.html index f23952d4f14d..efece79c4c5a 100644 --- a/docs/polkadot-vision-index.html +++ b/docs/polkadot-vision-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot Vision

    Polkadot's Vision revealed by Gavin Wood at Decoded 2023.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadotjs-ui.html b/docs/polkadotjs-ui.html index 4dc8653267a9..198bd772eef5 100644 --- a/docs/polkadotjs-ui.html +++ b/docs/polkadotjs-ui.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ nomination pool settings (nomination and roles) and use non-transfer proxies, destroy assets, and much more.

    Beginner's Guide to Polkadot-JS​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadotjs.html b/docs/polkadotjs.html index 2bcf66343ca2..f04a29ba88ff 100644 --- a/docs/polkadotjs.html +++ b/docs/polkadotjs.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ of spam prevention, whereas signed transactions are issued by the originator account of a transaction which contains a signature of that account, which will be subject to a fee to include it on the chain.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/programmes-index.html b/docs/programmes-index.html index 9cba21c05bc8..2af2c003b8e8 100644 --- a/docs/programmes-index.html +++ b/docs/programmes-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Programmes

    Learn about different programmes and initiatives within the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/research.html b/docs/research.html index 25f6ee79a4da..da0601a53982 100644 --- a/docs/research.html +++ b/docs/research.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ – Gives an outline of Nominated Proof of Stake in Polkadot. Author: Alfonzo Cevallos
  • Messaging Protocol Workshop Outcomes – An initiative to design and implement a privacy-preserving communication system for decentralized applications.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/staking-apps.html b/docs/staking-apps.html index 22f6896a7b1b..ff7f5a91efc6 100644 --- a/docs/staking-apps.html +++ b/docs/staking-apps.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ and stake on multiple networks in the Polkadot, Kusama and Polkadot SDK (Substrate) ecosystems.

    The Web Dashboard features an Earning tab which allows users to stake DOT easily via native nomination pools, as well as in liquid staking and lending protocols, without having to manage multiple applications with different interfaces and experiences.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/staking-dashboard.html b/docs/staking-dashboard.html index d5e931b69b7e..5094e393f1a4 100644 --- a/docs/staking-dashboard.html +++ b/docs/staking-dashboard.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ feature request. We take your feedback seriously, do not hesitate to contact us.

    Network​

    Under Network, you can connect to either Polkadot, Kusama, or Westend through public RPC nodes or light clients for a true Web3 experience. For more information about light clients, see this page.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/start-building.html b/docs/start-building.html index 7ac2fb53d8fd..e785a890986e 100644 --- a/docs/start-building.html +++ b/docs/start-building.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ and the original Polkadot Forum post.

    Polkadot SDK​

    info

    For more information about building on Polkadot, see the Builder's Guide.

    The Polkadot Software Development Kit (SDK) includes all the tools needed to build on the Polkadot ecosystem. The main repositories include:

    The programming language used for development is Rust.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/stay-safe-index.html b/docs/stay-safe-index.html index 19333318f7aa..75e2562c226c 100644 --- a/docs/stay-safe-index.html +++ b/docs/stay-safe-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Stay Safe

    Learn about good-practices to stay safe while surfing in Web3.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/thousand-contributors.html b/docs/thousand-contributors.html index 92cb6c9283a3..96b6fd0286e4 100644 --- a/docs/thousand-contributors.html +++ b/docs/thousand-contributors.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ the account shared with us.

    Submission reviews​

    The review process follows the present pipeline in the 1KC public GitHub project.

    Learn more about the program and its components on the official 1KC repository

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/thousand-validators.html b/docs/thousand-validators.html index 8f282edfeb5f..de3b8e08c802 100644 --- a/docs/thousand-validators.html +++ b/docs/thousand-validators.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ things time to resolve; if they don't, leave a message in the dedicated matrix room or open an issue on GitHub.
  • The 1000 validators website is not up to date? See these resources for more up-to-date information.

    • Resources​

    To extract and display the 1KV Program scores there are various tools listed below.

    ResourceGithub sourceInfo
    Main 1KV sitegithubMain site and 1KV backend.
    SubVT telegram bot for polkadot and kusamagithubTelegram bot with overviews and alerts for various polkadot and kusama related events, including 1KV events.
    SubVT ios and android appgithubSubVT app version for mobile phones.
    Validator earnings overviewgithubOverview of validators' earnings.
    Math Crypto's Insightsgithub1KV-oriented scoring overview of Kusama and Polkadot.
    One-T for polkadot and kusamagithubA performance report bot for the Polkadot and Kusama network with special focus on the 1KV programme.
    One-T parachains overviewgithubOne-T's parachain overview.
    Metaspan's 1KV overviewgithubOverview of 1KV programme, including the newly introduced endpoints, see here for available endpoints.
    Decentradot's 1KV overviewgithubOverview of the 1KV programme, including the newly introduced endpoints.
    Hirish 1KV overviewgithub?Overview of the 1KV Programme.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/transaction-attacks.html b/docs/transaction-attacks.html index 5e086dbb11cd..8a30445eabb0 100644 --- a/docs/transaction-attacks.html +++ b/docs/transaction-attacks.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ transfer will fail).

    Defense against Attacks​

    danger

    If you can't verify the transaction or you suspect you are signing something different than what you intended, don't sign it!

    To avoid being victim of an attack:

    • Use only trusted extensions, sites and software in general.
    • Use cold storage options (Ledger, Signer) and verify on them. Trust what these devices tell you over what is shown in the app or the browser extension.
    • Update Signer metadata only from trusted sources (or do it yourself).
    • Accept metadata updates for the extension only from trusted apps.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/wallets-and-extensions.html b/docs/wallets-and-extensions.html index e973480754c0..bd28e2ebf1a7 100644 --- a/docs/wallets-and-extensions.html +++ b/docs/wallets-and-extensions.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ your accounts on over 150+ Substrate and EVM networks. NFT Management, ledger Support, fiat On-ramp, portfolio tracking. Talisman received funding from Polkadot Treasury [1].

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/wallets-index.html b/docs/wallets-index.html index eaba70c0e3b3..db94b99a3376 100644 --- a/docs/wallets-index.html +++ b/docs/wallets-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Wallets

    Explore the different wallets and applications in the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/web3-and-polkadot.html b/docs/web3-and-polkadot.html index 4c58feecf832..30d9a5af4c5f 100644 --- a/docs/web3-and-polkadot.html +++ b/docs/web3-and-polkadot.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ all blockchains attached to it. For more information, see the Polkadot 1.0 page and the section about XCM and Accords in Polkadot Direction page.

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    Explore

    Explore Wallets, Applications and Programmes within the Polkadot Ecosystem.

    Learn

    Learn about Polkadot and how it provides Shared Security and Secure Interoperability to its Parachains.

    Build

    Most up-to-date Information on the Status of the Development Tools in the Polkadot Ecosystem.

    Maintain

    Information and Guides on how to Deploy a Node and Run the Network.

    Learn about Polkadot’s canary network Kusama

    Kusama is Polkadot’s “canary network”, a scalable, multi-chain network for radical innovation and early stage Polkadot deployments. For developers, Kusama is a proving ground for all things Polkadot I.e runtime upgrades, on-chain governance, parachains, parathreads, etc.

    language

    Help improve this wiki

    This wiki was started by and is maintained by Web3 Foundation. It is an open-source-ish project and aims to be the most extensive resource of knowledge on Polkadot and the Polkadot ecosystem.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/search.html b/search.html index c998a05fab26..c2664562428e 100644 --- a/search.html +++ b/search.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Search the documentation

    - + \ No newline at end of file