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Networking
This section describes the network operations available through vca-cli
The following is a list of network related commands:
dhcp Operations with Edge Gateway DHCP Service
firewall Operations with Edge Gateway Firewall Rules
gateway Operations with Edge Gateway
nat Operations with Edge Gateway NAT Rules
network Operations with Networks
org Operations with Organizations
vdc Operations with Virtual Data Centers (vdc)
vpn Operations with Edge Gateway VPN
The org command provides the list of networks defined in the organization:
$ vca org info
Details for org 'M735816878-4430':
| Type | Name |
|------------+--------------------------------------|
| Org Id | 0ea8e6de-8dc0-4b2d-83a0-629544be5465 |
| Org Name | M735816878-4430 |
| catalog | blueprints |
| catalog | Public Catalog |
| orgNetwork | blueprints-network |
| orgNetwork | M735816878-4430-default-routed |
| orgNetwork | M735816878-4430-default-isolated |
| vdc | M735816878-4430 |
The vdc command lists the networks available in the virtual data center and the edge gateways (usually one), with a summary of the configuration:
$ vca vdc info
Virtual Data Center 'M735816878-4430' for 'default' profile; details:
| Type | Name |
|--------------+----------------------------------|
| edge gateway | M735816878-4430 |
| network | blueprints-network |
| network | M735816878-4430-default-routed |
| network | M735816878-4430-default-isolated |
| vApp | ubu |
| vApp | nodejs_host_e538b |
| vApp | mongod_host_af84c |
| vAppTemplate | managed_template |
Compute capacity:
| Resource | Allocated | Limit | Reserved | Used | Overhead |
|-------------+-------------+---------+------------+--------+------------|
| CPU (MHz) | 30000 | 30000 | 15000 | 0 | 0 |
| Memory (MB) | 61440 | 61440 | 61440 | 3072 | 97 |
Edge Gateways:
| Name | External IPs | DHCP | Firewall | NAT | VPN | Routed Networks | Syslog | Uplinks |
|-----------------+------------------------------+--------+------------+-------+-------+----------------------------------------------------+----------+-----------|
| M735816878-4430 | 23.92.225.232, 23.92.225.247 | On | Off | On | On | M735816878-4430-default-routed, blueprints-network | | d2p3-ext |
In this example, the name of the edge gateway is M735816878-4430
The network command lists the networks in the virtual data center:
$ vca network
Networks available in Virtual Data Center 'M735816878-4430':
| Name | Mode | Gateway | Netmask | POOL IP Range |
|----------------------------------+-----------+---------------+---------------+-------------------------------|
| M735816878-4430-default-isolated | isolated | 192.168.99.1 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.99.2-192.168.99.100 |
| M735816878-4430-default-routed | natRouted | 192.168.108.1 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.108.2-192.168.108.100 |
| blueprints-network | natRouted | 192.168.110.1 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.110.2-192.168.110.100 |
To add a new network, use vca network create as shown in the example:
$ vca network create --network routed-120 --gateway M735816878-4430 \
--gateway-ip 192.168.120.1 --netmask 255.255.255.0 \
--dns1 192.168.120.1 --dns2 8.8.8.8 \
--pool 192.168.120.2-192.168.120.100
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-03-11 12:55:46 | 0 mins 34 secs | success |
The --pool option allows to define the range of IP addresses to be used for the static IP pool.
To delete an existing network, use vca network delete. Here is an example:
$ vca network delete --network routed-120
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+---------------+----------|
| 2015-03-11 12:59:21 | 1 mins 1 secs | success |
Each virtual data center has an edge gateway with several services available. The gateway command provides an overview of the current configuration of the edge gateway:
$ vca gateway
Edge Gateways:
| Name | External IPs | DHCP | Firewall | NAT | VPN | Routed Networks | Syslog | Uplinks |
|-----------------+------------------------------+--------+------------+-------+-------+----------------------------------------------------+----------+-----------|
| M735816878-4430 | 23.92.225.232, 23.92.225.247 | On | Off | On | On | M735816878-4430-default-routed, blueprints-network | | d2p3-ext |
The info subcommand can be used to display detailed information:
$ vca gateway info --gateway M735816878-4430
Gateway 'M735816878-4430' details:
| Property | Value |
|------------------+------------------------------|
| Name | M735816878-4430 |
| DCHP Service | On |
| Firewall Service | Off |
| NAT Service | On |
| VPN Service | On |
| Syslog | |
| External IP # | 2 |
| External IPs | 23.92.225.232, 23.92.225.247 |
| Uplinks | d2p3-ext |
In vCloud Air On Demand, it is possible to allocate and deallocate public IP addresses. As an example, the following gateway doesn't have a public IP address allocated:
$ vca gateway
Edge Gateways:
| Name | External IPs | DHCP | Firewall | NAT | VPN | Routed Networks | Syslog | Uplinks |
|---------+----------------+--------+------------+-------+-------+------------------------+----------+-------------|
| gateway | | Off | On | Off | Off | default-routed-network | | d2p3v29-ext |
The add-ip subcommand allocates a public IP address and makes it available to the gateway:
$ vca gateway add-ip
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-05-20 17:24:44 | 0 mins 46 secs | success |
The gateway has now an external IP:
$ vca gateway
Edge Gateways:
| Name | External IPs | DHCP | Firewall | NAT | VPN | Routed Networks | Syslog | Uplinks |
|---------+----------------+--------+------------+-------+-------+------------------------+----------+-------------|
| gateway | 107.189.93.162 | Off | On | Off | Off | default-routed-network | | d2p3v29-ext |
More than one IP address can be allocated to a gateway using the same subcommand.
When the public IP address is no longer needed, it can be deallocated from the gateway:
$ vca gateway del-ip --ip 107.189.93.162
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-05-20 17:26:01 | 0 mins 19 secs | success |
The edge gateway provides a DHCP service that can be operated with the dhcp command.
With no parameters, the dhcp command shows the status of the DCHP service:
$ vca dhcp
DHCP Service
| Network | IP Range From | To | Enabled | Default lease | Max Lease |
|--------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------+-----------------+-------------|
| blueprints-network | 192.168.110.101 | 192.168.110.200 | Yes | 3600 | 7200 |
| routed-120 | 192.168.120.101 | 192.168.120.200 | Yes | 3600 | 7200 |
The DHCP service can be enabled or disabled through the dhcp command:
$ vca dhcp enable
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-05-26 10:01:11 | 0 mins 45 secs | success |
$ vca dhcp disable
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-05-26 10:03:31 | 0 mins 49 secs | success |
The dhcp command also allows to configure DHCP to serve IP addresses (from a pool of IPs) to virtual machines connected to a network and configured to use DHCP, here is an example:
$ vca dhcp add --network default-routed-network \
--pool 192.168.109.101-192.168.109.200
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-05-26 10:15:21 | 0 mins 38 secs | success |
To delete a pool of IP addresses previously reserved, use the delete subcommand. Note that this operation will delete any DHCP pool defined in the specified network, but won't delete pools defined in other networks:
$ vca dhcp delete --network default-routed-network
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-05-26 10:20:14 | 0 mins 40 secs | success |
The firewall command allows to enable and disable the firewall service on the edge gateway and configure firewall rules.
The command vca firewall enable enables the functionality and vca firewall disable disables it.
Below are some usage examples.
List edge gateway firewall rules:
$ vca firewall
Add edge gateway firewall rule:
$ vca firewall add --protocol tcp --dest-port 123 --dest-ip any --source-port 456 --source-ip any --description 'My awesome rule'
Delete edge gateway firewall rule:
$ vca firewall delete --protocol tcp --dest-port 123 --dest-ip any --source-port 456 --source-ip any
Add edge gateway firewall rules from file:
$ vca firewall add --file fwrules.yaml
Delete edge gateway firewall rules from file:
$ vca firewall delete --file fwrules.yaml
The nat command allows to define DNAT and SNAT rules in the NAT service on the edge gateway.
The command vca nat lists the rules currently defined.
$ vca nat
NAT rules
| Rule Id | Enabled | Type | Original IP | Original Port | Translated IP | Translated Port | Protocol | Applied On |
|-----------+-----------+--------+------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-------------------+------------+--------------|
| 65538 | True | SNAT | 192.168.110.122 | any | 23.92.225.247 | any | any | d2p3-ext |
| 65539 | True | DNAT | 23.92.225.247 | any | 192.168.110.122 | any | any | d2p3-ext |
Individual NAT rules can be added or removed as shown in the examples below.
The following example shows how to configure a SNAT rule to map all the source internal IP addresses to the external IP address:
$ vca nat add --type SNAT --original-ip 192.168.110.0/24 --original-port any --translated-ip 23.92.225.247 --translated-port any --protocol any
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-03-11 13:49:49 | 0 mins 43 secs | success |
This example configures a DNAT rule to allow ssh access to an internal VM:
$ vca nat add --type DNAT --original-ip 23.92.225.247 --original-port 22 --translated-ip 192.168.110.2 --translated-port 22 --protocol tcp
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-03-11 13:54:49 | 0 mins 23 secs | success |
It is possible to delete all NAT rules in one command:
$ vca nat delete --all
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-03-11 13:46:19 | 0 mins 54 secs | success |
$ vca nat
No NAT rules found in this gateway
The nat command allows to provide a file with the all the NAT rules defined in YAML syntax. The rules will be configued on the NAT service in one call:
$ vca nat add --file nat-rules.yaml
Below is a sample YAML file that can be used as a template to specify NAT rules:
- NAT_rules:
- type: SNAT
original_ip: 192.168.109.0/24
original_port: any
translated_ip: 107.189.93.162
translated_port: any
protocol: any
- type: DNAT
original_ip: 107.189.93.162
original_port: 22
translated_ip: 192.168.109.2
translated_port: 22
protocol: tcp
- type: DNAT
original_ip: 107.189.93.162
original_port: 80
translated_ip: 192.168.109.2
translated_port: 80
protocol: tcp
- type: DNAT
original_ip: 107.189.93.162
original_port: 322
translated_ip: 192.168.109.3
translated_port: 22
protocol: tcp
- type: DNAT
original_ip: 107.189.93.162
original_port: 422
translated_ip: 192.168.109.4
translated_port: 22
protocol: tcp
The edge gateway also includes a VPN service that allows IPsec VPN tunnels between data centers. The vpn command provides access to this service. vpn without arguments provides an overview of the current configuration of the VPN service:
$ vca vpn
VPN Service
| Gateway | Enabled |
|-----------------+-----------|
| M735816878-4430 | On |
VPN Endpoints
| EndPoint | Public IP |
|------------+---------------|
| d2p3-ext | 23.92.225.247 |
VPN Tunnels
| Tunnel | Local IP | Local Networks | Peer IP | Peer Networks | Enabled | Operational |
|----------+---------------+--------------------+----------------+------------------+-----------+---------------|
| vpn1 | 23.92.225.247 | blueprints-network | 192.240.158.81 | 192.168.250.0/24 | Yes | Yes |
The first operation to enable the VPN service is to define a local endpoint using the name of the uplink network and one of the public IP addresses. See the vca gateway command to obtain this information.
Here is an example of configuring a VPN endpoint:
$ vca vpn add-endpoint --network d2p3-ext --public-ip 23.92.225.247
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-03-11 14:29:18 | 0 mins 43 secs | success |
Let's assume we want to setup a VPN tunnel between two virtual data centers on vCloud Air: Site-A and Site-B. Both sites need to setup a VPN endpoint as shown above.
On Site-A we create a VPN tunnel with the following command:
$ vca vpn add-tunnel --tunnel vpn1 --local-ip 23.92.225.247 --local-network blueprints-network \
--peer-ip 107.189.77.247 --peer-network 192.168.115.0/24 --secret 123456789012345678901234567890Ab
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-03-11 15:09:18 | 0 mins 43 secs | success |
The tunnel should be enabled but not yet operational:
$ vca vpn
VPN Service
| Gateway | Enabled |
|-----------------+-----------|
| M735816878-4430 | On |
VPN Endpoints
| EndPoint | Public IP |
|------------+---------------|
| d2p3-ext | 23.92.225.247 |
VPN Tunnels
| Tunnel | Local IP | Local Networks | Peer IP | Peer Networks | Enabled | Operational |
|----------+---------------+--------------------+----------------+------------------+-----------+---------------|
| vpn1 | 23.92.225.247 | blueprints-network | 107.189.77.247 | 192.168.115.0/24 | Yes | No |
The shared secret must be a string between 32 and 128 characters long that must include digits, upper and lower case letters. It has to be the same on both ends.
On Site-B we create a VPN tunnel with the parameters shown below:
$ vca vpn add-tunnel --tunnel vpn1 --local-ip 107.189.77.247 --local-network routed-116 \
--peer-ip 23.92.225.247 --peer-network 192.168.110.0/24 --secret 123456789012345678901234567890Ab
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-03-11 15:16:07 | 0 mins 21 secs | success |
After a few minutes, the tunnel will be operational and ready to use:
$ vca vpn
VPN Service
| Gateway | Enabled |
|-----------+-----------|
| Score | On |
VPN Endpoints
| EndPoint | Public IP |
|------------+----------------|
| d4p14-ext | 107.189.77.247 |
VPN Tunnels
| Tunnel | Local IP | Local Networks | Peer IP | Peer Networks | Enabled | Operational |
|----------+----------------+------------------------+----------------+------------------+-----------+---------------|
| vpn1 | 107.189.77.247 | routed-115 | 23.92.225.247 | 192.168.110.0/24 | Yes | Yes |
A convenient feature of vca-cli is the ability to add (or delete) a network to an existing tunnel, without having to delete and re-create the entire tunnel. Here is an example:
$ vca vpn add-network --tunnel vpn1 --local-network routed-116
And on the peer side:
$ vca vpn add-network --tunnel vpn1 --peer-network 192.168.116.0/24
The result, as shown on Site-A:
$ vca vpn
VPN Service
| Gateway | Enabled |
|-----------+-----------|
| Score | On |
VPN Endpoints
| EndPoint | Public IP |
|------------+----------------|
| d4p14-ext | 107.189.77.247 |
VPN Tunnels
| Tunnel | Local IP | Local Networks | Peer IP | Peer Networks | Enabled | Operational |
|----------+----------------+------------------------+----------------+------------------+-----------+---------------|
| vpn1 | 107.189.77.247 | routed-115, routed-116 | 23.92.225.247 | 192.168.110.0/24 | Yes | Yes |
Endpoints, tunnels and networks can be deleted, as shown in these examples:
$ vca vpn del-network --tunnel vpn1 --local-network routed-116
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-03-11 14:20:22 | 0 mins 25 secs | success |
$ vca vpn del-tunnel --tunnel vpn1
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-03-11 14:22:22 | 0 mins 46 secs | success |
$ vca vpn del-endpoint --network d2p3-ext --public-ip 23.92.225.247
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+----------------+----------|
| 2015-03-11 14:26:19 | 0 mins 43 secs | success |
The edge gateway can be configured to send log events to a server for analysis, with a simple option of the gateway command. Here is an example:
$ vca gateway set-syslog --gateway gateway --ip 192.168.109.2
| Start Time | Duration | Status |
|---------------------+---------------+----------|
| 2015-02-12 21:58:38 | 0 mins 8 secs | success |
$ vca gateway
Edge Gateways:
| Name | External IPs | DHCP Service | Firewall Service | NAT Service | Internal Networks | Syslog |
|---------+--------------------+----------------+--------------------+---------------+----------------------------+---------------|
| gateway | ['107.189.93.162'] | On | On | On | ['default-routed-network'] | 192.168.109.2 |
The following blog entry contains additional information about capturing edge gateway logs