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Jamal XLS module

Jamal module to read and write Excel files.

Introduction

This package contains macros to

  • open an Excel file (either xls or xlsx format),

  • fetch values from the different cells,

  • change the values and setting of different cells,

  • delete sheets, rows, columns and cells, and

  • merge cells.

Jamal will write back the changes to the file or to a new file.

Macros in the package

The macros are all named with the xls: prefix.

xls:open

This macro can open a file in xls or xlsx format. The file is opened in read-write mode by default. This can also be enforced by specifying the parop READ.

The macro returns and empty string, but the opened file will be stored in a macro. The name of this macro can be specified in a parop, and has a default value xls$:worksheet. Since this workbook name is used in all other xls macros, you do not need to care about this unless you work with multiple worksheets opened the same time.

The following example opens the file README.xlsx in the same directory as the README.adoc.jam file.

Jamal source
EMPTY STRING="{@xls:open file=README.xlsx output=READYOU.xlsx}"
{@try! {xls$:worksheet}}

This file exists in the source code structure and part of the documentation. The examples in this document later will use this file.

Note

The sampless in this document keep the macros between the individual samples, but the macros are closed if they are closable. Therefore, individual samples have to open the XLS file individually. The subsequent samples always open the READYOU.xlsx file and they also write it back. A normal Jamal script does not need to do it. It is only needed because the samples are independent.

The output of this XLS opening is empty, but the workbook is stored in the macro xls$:worksheet.

output
EMPTY STRING=""
'{xls$:worksheet ...' is defined but cannot be used as a macro.

Note that the worksheet is stored with a name as a macro, and among the macros, but it cannot be used as a macro in the text. It stores an XLS workbook object, and not a user defined macro.

Parops of the macro xls:open

Parameter options (parops) can be defined without parentheses. The ( and ) are optional.)

  • file (aliases are in, input, from) is the name of the file that contains the XLS workbook. Technically, file is also an alias; thus a macro having the name of file will not be considered. This parop must be defined.

  • out (aliases are output, to) is the name of the file where the XLS workbook is written. This parop is optional. If this parop is defined, then the mode is automatically considered to be WRITE. In other cases, READ is the default, and it is an error to specify READ when there is a defined output.

  • workbook (aliases are wb) is the name of the workbook that is used to refer to the workbook in the rest of the document. This parop is optional and the default value is xls$:worksheet.

  • READ or WRITE is the mode of the operation. If the out parop is defined then the mode is WRITE. This parop is optional and the default value is READ.

xls:close

Will close the workbook. The name of the macro containing the workbook is the input of the macro. This is the name specified in other macros as wb or workbook parop. There is no need to call this macro, the workbook is automatically closed as soon as the Jamal script ends.

xls:cell

Will read information from a given cell and return it as the macro result. You can get the value as well as the content (in the case of formula it is the formula), or other properties of the cell. The input of the macro can be the cell location, but the cell can also be defined using the parops xls:sheet, xls:row and xls:column.

Parops of the macro xls:cell

  • workbook (aliases are wb) is the name of the workbook that is used to refer to the workbook in the rest of the document. This parop is optional and the default value is xls$:worksheet.

  • xls:sheet (aliased as sheet) can identify the sheet that the cell read is in. When the sheet is not defined in any way, then the first sheet is used. The name xls:sheet can also be used as a macro, thus if you define a macro with this name, its value will be used as the name of the sheet. This feature can be used to set the default sheet is nothing else is defined. This parop is usually used together with xls:row and xls:col to define the location of the cell. They can be used to set one as a macro and use the other as a parop iterating through the cells in the same row or column. The usual way is specifying the cell in the macro input the usual Sheet!A1 style.

  • xls:row (aliased as row) is the row number of the cell. The indexing starts from 0.

  • xls:col (aliased as col) is the column number of the cell. The indexing starts from 0.

  • there are several options to specify what the result of the macro should be.

    • value specify you want the value of the cell. This is the default if you do not specity any of these options. The value is usually the same as the content. The difference is in the case of formulas. For formulas the value is the calculated value, the content is the formula itself.

    • content specify this if you want the content of the cell. See the details in the description of the value option.

    • type specify this if you want the type of the cell.

    • format specify this if you want the format of the cell.

    • comment specify this if you want the comment of the cell.

    • commentAuthor specify this if you want the author of the comment of the cell.

    • style specify this if you want the style of the cell.

    • hasComment specify this if you want to know if the cell has a comment. The result is true or false.

    • isString specify this if you want to know if the cell is a string. The result is true or false.

    • isNumeric specify this if you want to know if the cell is a number. The result is true or false.

    • isBoolean specify this if you want to know if the cell is a boolean. The result is true or false.

    • isFormula specify this if you want to know if the cell is a formula. The result is true or false.

    • isBlank specify this if you want to know if the cell is blank. The result is true or false.

    • isError specify this if you want to know if the cell is an error. The result is true or false.

    • isNull specify this if you want to know if the cell is null. The result is true or false.

  • When you specify style then the result is a string that contains the style of the cell. You can also specify one of the following parops to get only one specific style property.

    • toString is the default value for style. The result will contain all the style elements

    • align the alignment of the cell.

    • border the border of the cell.

    • fill the fill of the cell.

    • dataFormat the data format of the cell.

    • hidden the hidden property of the cell.

    • locked the locked property of the cell.

    • rotation the rotation of the cell.

    • shrinkToFit the shrink to fit property of the cell.

    • verticalAlignment the vertical alignment of the cell. wrapText the wrap text property of the cell.

Examples of the macro xls:cell

Jamal source
{@xls:open file=READYOU.xlsx}
{@xls:cell A1}
{@xls:cell (style)A1}

will result in

output
This is the content of the cell A1.
align=GENERAL, border=NONE, fill=SOLID_FOREGROUND, dataFormat=0, hidden=false, locked=true, rotation=0, shrinkToFit=false, verticalAlignment=BOTTOM, wrapText=false

xls:set

This macro can be used to set the value of a cell. The input of the macro is the value to be set. The cell is identified by the parameter options. Parameter options are also used to define which part of the cell (value, style etc.) is set.

When setting boolean values the two values true and false are used. If the value is missing or empty, true value is used. That way, for example, you can

Jamal source
{@xls:open file=READYOU.xlsx WRITE}
{@xls:set (cell=A1 wrapText)}

which will result, eventually an empty string, but it will modify the cell and

output

Parops of the macro xls:set

  • workbook (aliases are wb) is the name of the workbook that is used to refer to the workbook in the rest of the document. This parop is optional and the default value is xls$:worksheet.

  • xls:sheet (aliased as sheet) can identify the sheet that the cell read is in. When the sheet is not defined in any way, then the first sheet is used. The name xls:sheet can also be used as a macro, thus if you define a macro with this name, its value will be used as the name of the sheet. This feature can be used to set the default sheet is nothing else is defined. This parop is usually used together with xls:row and xls:col to define the location of the cell. They can be used to set one as a macro and use the other as a parop iterating through the cells in the same row or column. The usual way is specifying the cell in the macro input the usual Sheet!A1 style.

  • xls:row (aliased as row) is the row number of the cell. The indexing starts from 0.

  • xls:col (aliased as col) is the column number of the cell. The indexing starts from 0.

  • cell is the cell reference where the cell is set. If cell is specified, then row and col should not be specified.

  • One of the following parameters can define what is set in the cell:

    • value the value of the cell. This is the default.

    • formula the value of the cell as a formula

    • format the format of the cell is set.

    • comment the comment of the cell is set.

    • style the style of the set. When this is set, one of the style parameter options can also be set.

    • width the width of the column

    • height the height of the row

  • The type of the cell. The default is STRING. The possible values are STRING, NUMERIC, BOOLEAN, FORMULA, BLANK, ERROR.

  • setting the style can use one of the following parameters:

    • align

    • border

    • bottomBorder

    • topBorder

    • leftBorder

    • rightBorder

    • borderColor

    • bottomBorderColor

    • topBorderColor

    • leftBorderColor

    • rightBorderColor

    • fillPattern

    • fillBackgroundColor

    • fillForegroundColor

    • dataFormat

    • hidden

    • locked

    • rotation

    • shrinkToFit

    • verticalAlignment

    • wrapText

    • font

    • zoom specifies the zoom factor for the sheet. The value is a number that is the percentage of the zoom. It may optionally contain a % sign at the end.

  • author is the name of the author of the comment. Can only be used when the comment is set.

xls:delete

The macro xls:delete can be used to delete a cell, a row, a column or a sheet. The default is to delete a sheet given by the name, if no other option is given. If the row is defined, then the row will be deleted. If only the column is defined, then the column will be deleted. If the cell is defined then the cell will be deleted.

In other cases, or if in doubt you can specify the type of the deletion by the parop

  • SHEET to delete a sheet,

  • ROW to delete a row,

  • COLUMN or COL to delete a column, or

  • CELL to delete a cell.

The following example will delete the second column in the XLSX file.

Jamal source
{@xls:open file=READYOU.xlsx WRITE}
{@xls:delete (COLUMN col=1)}
output

Parops of the macro xls:delete

  • workbook (aliases are wb) is the name of the workbook that is used to refer to the workbook in the rest of the document. This parop is optional and the default value is xls$:worksheet.

  • xls:sheet (aliased as sheet) can identify the sheet that the cell read is in. When the sheet is not defined in any way, then the first sheet is used. The name xls:sheet can also be used as a macro, thus if you define a macro with this name, its value will be used as the name of the sheet. This feature can be used to set the default sheet is nothing else is defined. This parop is usually used together with xls:row and xls:col to define the location of the cell. They can be used to set one as a macro and use the other as a parop iterating through the cells in the same row or column. The usual way is specifying the cell in the macro input the usual Sheet!A1 style.

  • xls:row (aliased as row) is the row number of the cell. The indexing starts from 0.

  • xls:col (aliased as col) is the column number of the cell. The indexing starts from 0.

  • cell is the cell reference that is used to refer to the cell in the rest of the document.

  • SHEET, ROW, COL, COLUMN, CELL is the type of the object that is to be deleted.

xls:merge

Merge cells in the worksheet. To merge the cells, you have to define either

  • the top, bottom, left, and right cell, or

  • the top left cell and the bottom right cell.

Parops of the macro xls:merge

  • workbook (aliases are wb) is the name of the workbook that is used to refer to the workbook in the rest of the document. This parop is optional and the default value is xls$:worksheet.

  • sheet is the name of the sheet where the region is merged. If a sheet is defined, it has to be already in the workbook. If there is no sheet defined anywhere, either as this option or in the region then the first sheet is used.

  • top is the top row of the region to merge. Numbering is zero indexed.

  • left is the left column of the region to merge. Numbering is zero indexed.

  • bottom is the bottom row of the region to merge. Numbering is zero indexed.

  • right is the right column of the region to merge. Numbering is zero indexed.

  • region is the region to merge in the format A1:B2. The definition may contain the name of the sheet, but the sheet name in the first and second part of the region should be the same. It is enough to define the sheet in the first part, but not only in the second part. If the sheet name is defined as sheet and also here, the two definitions should be identical.

xls:unmerge

Unmerge merged cells in a worksheet. The input of the macro is the cell reference of the merged cell. The cell reference can be any individual cell that is part of the merged cell. The cell can be defined as a cell reference on the input of the macro but also can be specified using the parops xls:sheet, xls:row and xls:column.

Parops of the macro xls:unmerge

  • workbook (aliases are wb) is the name of the workbook that is used to refer to the workbook in the rest of the document. This parop is optional and the default value is xls$:worksheet.

  • xls:sheet (aliased as sheet) can identify the sheet that the cell read is in. When the sheet is not defined in any way, then the first sheet is used. The name xls:sheet can also be used as a macro, thus if you define a macro with this name, its value will be used as the name of the sheet. This feature can be used to set the default sheet is nothing else is defined. This parop is usually used together with xls:row and xls:col to define the location of the cell. They can be used to set one as a macro and use the other as a parop iterating through the cells in the same row or column. The usual way is specifying the cell in the macro input the usual Sheet!A1 style.

  • xls:row (aliased as row) is the row number of the cell. The indexing starts from 0.

  • xls:col (aliased as col) is the column number of the cell. The indexing starts from 0.

xls:row, xls:col, xls:sheet, and xls:to:cell

These macros convert row, column and sheet numbers and names to cell reference and back. The xls:to:cell macro is used to convert the row and column to the cell reference. The row and column numbers are specified as parops row and col. You can also specify rowAbsolute and colAbsolute to get the absolute cell reference. The sheet name can be specified using the parop sheet.

The macros xls:row, xls:col, and xls:sheet are used to convert the cell reference to the row, column, and sheet name. The input is the cell reference, and the value of the macro is the number of the row, the number of the column, or the name of the sheet. If the cell reference does not contain a sheet name, the macro xls:sheet will result in error.

The following example will convert the cell reference A1 to the row and column numbers.

Jamal source
{@xls:row A1}
{@xls:col A1}

results in

output
0
0

Both the row and the column are 0-based.

The next example uses absolute references:

Jamal source
{@xls:to:cell row=1 col=1}
{@xls:to:cell row=1 col=1 rowAbsolute colAbsolute}

will result in

output
B2
$B$2
Note
 xls:sheet, xls:row and xls:col can also be defined as user defined macros. Those will be used by the parop parsing. They can be used to define a default sheet, row, or column, which is always the same for the duration of some operation. The built-in macros are used to convert the values, and though they share the name with the user defined macros, they are in a different namespace.

xls:find

This macro can be used to find a specific cell in a row or in a column. Using this macro, you can find the first empty, or blank cell, or a cell with a specific value. The most complex search is finding a cell with a value that evaluating the input of the macro will result in true.

The return value of the macro is the cell reference of the found cell including the sheet name.

Parops of the macro xls:find

  • workbook (aliases are wb) is the name of the workbook that is used to refer to the workbook in the rest of the document. This parop is optional and the default value is xls$:worksheet.

  • xls:sheet (aliased as sheet) can identify the sheet that the cell read is in. When the sheet is not defined in any way, then the first sheet is used. The name xls:sheet can also be used as a macro, thus if you define a macro with this name, its value will be used as the name of the sheet. This feature can be used to set the default sheet is nothing else is defined. This parop is usually used together with xls:row and xls:col to define the location of the cell. They can be used to set one as a macro and use the other as a parop iterating through the cells in the same row or column. The usual way is specifying the cell in the macro input the usual Sheet!A1 style.

  • xls:row (aliased as row) is the row number of the cell. The indexing starts from 0.

  • xls:col (aliased as col) is the column number of the cell. The indexing starts from 0.

  • cell is the reference to the cell where the search starts. This can be used instead of specifying the row and col parameters

  • You can specify what you are looking for. The default is empty meaning you want to get the first empty cell. The possible values are

    • empty to find the first empty cell

    • blank to find the first cell that is blank

    • string to find the first cell that contains the specified string

    • number to find the first cell that contains the specified number as a floating point number

    • integer to find the first cell that contains the specified number as an integer

    • eval to find the first cell that contains the specified macro evaluated to true.

    • regex to find the first cell that matches the specified regular expression. If the parameter option $ is specified, then the default is eval and the search is for the macro.

  • You can specify where you are looking for the cell. The value can be

    • inRow to search in the row

    • inCol to search in the column

  • reverse will, as the name implies reverse the search direction. This means that the search starts from the cell specified and goes to the beginning of the row or column.

  • $ or macro specify a name for a macro. If it is specified, then the macro will search for the cell that contains the input evaluated to true. The value of this parameter is the name of the macro that will hold the content of the cell during the evaluation. This macro will be defined before the first cell is examined and redefined before each next cell is examined. Note that the input of the macro xls:find will be evaluated many times until the cell is found. Be careful not to have side effects in the input. See the examples below.

  • limitRow will limit the search in the rows. The search will go up to this row. For example, if the value is 10, then the search will go up to row 9. The default value is 0x100000, decimal 1,048,576 that is the limit in Excel 2007 and later, or zero when the search is reversed.

  • limitCol will limit the search in the columns. The search will go up to this column. For example, if the value is 10, then the search will go up to column 9 (A to J). The default value is 0x4000, decimal 16,384 that is the limit in Excel 2007 and later, or zero when the search is reversed.

  • orElse is the value that will be returned if the cell is not found. If this parameter is not specified, then the macro will throw an exception if the cell is not found. The value can be any string, there is no check that the value is a valid cell reference.

Examples of the macro xls:find

The following example will find the first empty cell in the first row of the sheet.

Jamal source
{@xls:open file=src/test/resources/findSomething.xlsx}
{@xls:find (inRow col=0 row=2 empty)}

will result in

output
Sheet1!B3

as the cell A3 is not empty, but the next one, B3 is.

A more complex example is:

Jamal source
{@xls:open READ file=src/test/resources/findSomething.xlsx}
(1) {@xls:find (cell=G30 reverse inCol $=zz limitRow=20 orElse="arbad akarba")t{zz}}
(2) {@xls:find (cell=G1 inCol $=zz limitRow=20 orElse="abraka dabra")t{zz}}
(3) {@xls:find (cell=G1 inCol $=zz)t{zz}}
(4) {@xls:find (cell=A1 empty inRow)}
(5) {@xls:find (cell=A3 empty inRow)}
(6) {@xls:find (cell=G4 blank inCol)}
(7) {@xls:find (cell=G4 empty inCol)}
(8) {@xls:find (cell=G4 blank inCol reverse)}
(9) {@xls:find (cell=G1 inCol string)3}
(A) {@xls:find (cell=G1 inCol number)3.3}
(B) {@xls:find (cell=G1 inCol integer)3}
(C) {@xls:find (cell=G1 inCol number)3}
(D) {@xls:find (cell=G1 inCol regex)\d+}

The XLSX file is part of the Jamal module test resources, and the result depends on the content of this file. To understand the results, you should open the file in Excel and check the content of the cells.

The first example (1) will start at the cell G30 and search in the column for the first cell that is rue. The input of the macro is t{zz} and zz is defined to be used as a macro name for the content of each searched cell, when the cell content is rue then t{zz} will be true.

The search is limited to row 20, thus the rows 21, 22, …​ 29 are checked. None of them contains the text rue therefore for none of them is the result true. In that case an error occurs unless the orElse parop is defined. In this case the returned value is arbad akarba, which is abraka dabra reversed.

The next search (2) is similar, but the search starts at row 1 and not reversed. The search (3) is not limited, and it does find the cell G31 with the content rue.

The rest of the examples demonstrate different searches.

The last example, (D) is a regular expression search.

The cells G1, G2, and G3 are empty. The cell G4 contains 3.3 and the regular expression requires 0 as the first fractional digit. Finally, the cell G5 contains 3.0.

The result is:

output
(1) arbad akarba
(2) abraka dabra
(3) Sheet1!G31
(4) Sheet1!A1
(5) Sheet1!B3
(6) Sheet1!G26
(7) Sheet1!G27
(8) Sheet1!G3
(9) Sheet1!G5
(A) Sheet1!G4
(B) Sheet1!G5
(C) Sheet1!G5
(D) Sheet1!G5

A typical use of this macro is to insert information into the first empty cell in a row. That way, every execution of the document can add information to the next empty cell.

Jamal source
{@xls:open file=log_readme.xlsx WRITE}
{@xls:find (inCol cell=Sheet1!A1 empty)}
{#xls:set (cell={@xls:find (inCol cell=A1 empty)}){@date yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss}}

xls:range

This macro can be used to get a range of cells. The input of the macro is the top left cell and the bottom right cell. The workbook, the sheet and the corners can be defined using parameter options. The return value of the macro is a list of cell references separated by , and | characters. This is the format that you can use in the core macro for.

It is possible to get the list of the cell references and also to get a dual-level list. That way you can iterate over

  • each cell in the range, or

  • each row or each column in the range

using the core for macro.

Note

When using the range macro, there has to be an opened workbook. Although a simple range, like A1:A3 could be calculated without an opened workbook, the range macro needs the workbook to be opened. The reason for this is that the range elements will always contain the sheet name. The default value for the sheet name is the name of the first sheet in the workbook.

Parops of the macro xls:range

  • workbook (aliases are wb) is the name of the workbook that is used to refer to the workbook in the rest of the document. This parop is optional and the default value is xls$:worksheet.

  • sheet is the name of the sheet where the region is merged. If a sheet is defined, it has to be already in the workbook. If there is no sheet defined anywhere, either as this option or in the region then the first sheet is used.

  • top is the top row of the region to merge. Numbering is zero indexed.

  • left is the left column of the region to merge. Numbering is zero indexed.

  • bottom is the bottom row of the region to merge. Numbering is zero indexed.

  • right is the right column of the region to merge. Numbering is zero indexed.

  • region is the region to merge in the format A1:B2. The definition may contain the name of the sheet, but the sheet name in the first and second part of the region should be the same. It is enough to define the sheet in the first part, but not only in the second part. If the sheet name is defined as sheet and also here, the two definitions should be identical.

  • You can specify either horizontal or vertical direction. The default is horizontal. The direction specifies how the range is traversed. If the direction is horizontal, then the range is traversed row by row, like A1,A2,A3,B1,B2,B3,C1,C2,C3. If the direction is vertical, then the range is traversed column by column, like A1,B1,C1,A2,B2,C2,A3,B3,C3.

  • If the reverse parameter is true, then the range is traversed in reverse order.

  • The $forsep (aliased as separator or sep) parameter specifies the string inserted between the cell references. The default is ,.

  • The $forsubsep (aliased as subseparator or subsep) parameter specifies the string inserted between the cell references in a multi-level range. The default is |. Note that the default separator and subseparator are exactly the values that the core macro for uses by default.

  • The single or multi parameter specifies how the range is provided. The default is single. In this case, each cell is an individual element. If multi is specified, then each row (if the direction is horizontal) or each column (if the direction is vertical) is an element. These are separated by the subseparator. That way they can be used in a for loop with multiple loop variables.

Examples of the macro xls:range

Jamal source
{@xls:open file=README.xlsx}
{@xls:range region=A1:B3}

will result in

output
README!A1,README!B1,README!A2,README!B2,README!A3,README!B3

The same range listing in vertical-first order:

Jamal source
{@xls:open file=README.xlsx}
{@xls:range region=A1:B3 vertical}

will result in

output
README!A1,README!A2,README!A3,README!B1,README!B2,README!B3

The netx example is the horizontal listing with multi-level range:

Jamal source
{@xls:open file=README.xlsx}
{@xls:range region=A1:B3 multi}

will result in

output
README!A1|README!B1,README!A2|README!B2,README!A3|README!B3

Note that the separators between the elements within a row are | and between the rows are , fitting the multi variable loop structure.

The next example shows how we can read the cells in a loop using thr range macro. Note that the for loop parameter option evalist tells the loop to evaluate the list of cells. That way the iteration is over the cells list returned by the call to {@xls:range region=A1:C6 vertical}. The result of the loop is a list of cell reference macros, and the ! will Jamal evaluate this list and return the cell values.

Jamal source
{@xls:open file=README.xlsx}
{!@for [evalist] CellRef in ({@xls:range region=A1:C6 vertical})=CellRef={@xls:cell CellRef}
}

will result in

output
README!A1=This is the content of the cell A1.
README!A2=
README!A3=
README!A4=
README!A5=
README!A6=
README!B1=
README!B2=
README!B3=
README!B4=second will be deleted
README!B5=
README!B6=
README!C1=
README!C2=
README!C3=
README!C4=
README!C5=
README!C6=third will get to the second column

The next example is a multi-level range. The region is defined as MULTI!A2:D11 and also the multi parop is defined. It will result in a list of lists. Each list element is a list of cell references in a row separated ny ,. These lists are separated by | characters. The for loop will put these into the loop variables Title, Author, Publisher, and Year_of_publishing.

Jamal source
{@xls:open file=README.xlsx}
{!@for [evalist] (Title,Author,Publisher,Year_of_publishing)
                            in
                 ({@xls:range multi region=MULTI!A2:D11})=
{@xls:cell Author}: {@xls:cell Title}; {@xls:cell Publisher}, {@xls:cell Year_of_publishing}}

will result in the output

output
Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice; T. Egerton, 1813
Herman Melville: Moby-Dick; Harper & Brothers, 1851
Mark Twain: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn; Charles L. Webster and Company, 1885
Oscar Wilde: The Picture of Dorian Gray; Lippincott's Monthly Magazine, 1890
Bram Stoker: Dracula; Archibald Constable and Company, 1897
H.G. Wells: The War of the Worlds; William Heinemann, 1898
Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness; Blackwood's Magazine, 1899
L. Frank Baum: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz; George M. Hill Company, 1900
Jack London: The Call of the Wild; Macmillan, 1903
E.M. Forster: A Room with a View; Edward Arnold, 1908

that reflects the content of the README.xlsx file sheet named MULTI.