add test that disables `stdio` feature flag #277

Job	Run time
Miri	1m 15s
Clippy	23s
QEMU build & test (stable, ubuntu-latest, s390x-unknown-linux-gnu, s390x-linux-gnu-gcc, qemu-s390...	47s
Build and test (stable, ubuntu-latest, x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)	53s
QEMU build & test (stable, ubuntu-latest, i686-unknown-linux-gnu, i686-linux-gnu-gcc)	23s
Clippy (--no-default-features --features="c-allocator")	2m 28s
Build and test (msrv, ubuntu-latest, x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)	39s
test no_stdio compile + run	44s
Build and test (beta, ubuntu-latest, x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)	37s
Clippy (--no-default-features --features="rust-allocator")	28s
Build and test (stable, macos-latest, x86_64-apple-darwin)	57s
wasm32	24s
Build and test (stable, macos-14, aarch64-apple-darwin)	48s
Build and test (stable-x86_64-gnu, windows-2022, x86_64-pc-windows-gnu)	1m 2s
	11m 48s

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