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<!doctype html>
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Tortoise ORM 0.22.2 Documentation
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Query API
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<span class="md-ellipsis">Query API</span>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">Query API</span>
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Table of contents
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#queryset" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Query<wbr>Set</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="QuerySet">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySetSingle" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python class" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__data" title="Python class">C</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySetSingle (Python class) — Awaiting on this will resolve a single instance of the Model object, and not a sequence." class="md-ellipsis">tortoise.<wbr>queryset.<wbr>Query<wbr>Set<wbr>Single</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python class" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__data" title="Python class">C</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet (Python class) — Query offset and limit for Queryset." class="md-ellipsis">tortoise.<wbr>queryset.<wbr>Query<wbr>Set</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.__getitem__" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.__getitem__ (Python method) — Query offset and limit for Queryset." class="md-ellipsis">__<wbr>getitem__<wbr></span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="__getitem__">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.__getitem__-raises" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Raises</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.__getitem__-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.all" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.all (Python method) — Return the whole QuerySet. Essentially a no-op except as the only operation." class="md-ellipsis">all</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="all">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.all-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.annotate" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.annotate (Python method) — Annotate result with aggregation or function result." class="md-ellipsis">annotate</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="annotate">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.annotate-raises" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Raises</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.annotate-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create (Python method) — This method inserts the provided list of objects into the database in an efficient manner (generally only 1 query, no matter how many objects there are)." class="md-ellipsis">bulk_<wbr>create</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="bulk_create">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create-parameters" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Parameters</span>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Parameters">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create.on_conflict" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python parameter" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__sub-data" title="Python parameter">p</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create.on_conflict (Python parameter) — On conflict index name" class="md-ellipsis">on_<wbr>conflict</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create.update_fields" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python parameter" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__sub-data" title="Python parameter">p</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create.update_fields (Python parameter) — Update fields when conflicts" class="md-ellipsis">update_<wbr>fields</span>
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<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create.ignore_conflicts" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python parameter" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__sub-data" title="Python parameter">p</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create.ignore_conflicts (Python parameter) — Ignore conflicts when inserting" class="md-ellipsis">ignore_<wbr>conflicts</span>
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create.objects" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python parameter" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__sub-data" title="Python parameter">p</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create.objects (Python parameter) — List of objects to bulk create" class="md-ellipsis">objects</span>
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create.batch_size" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python parameter" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__sub-data" title="Python parameter">p</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create.batch_size (Python parameter) — How many objects are created in a single query" class="md-ellipsis">batch_<wbr>size</span>
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create-raises" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Raises</span>
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_create-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_update" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_update (Python method) — Update the given fields in each of the given objects in the database." class="md-ellipsis">bulk_<wbr>update</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="bulk_update">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_update-parameters" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Parameters</span>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Parameters">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_update.objects" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python parameter" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__sub-data" title="Python parameter">p</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_update.objects (Python parameter) — List of objects to bulk create" class="md-ellipsis">objects</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_update.fields" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python parameter" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__sub-data" title="Python parameter">p</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_update.fields (Python parameter) — The fields to update" class="md-ellipsis">fields</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_update.batch_size" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python parameter" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__sub-data" title="Python parameter">p</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_update.batch_size (Python parameter) — How many objects are created in a single query" class="md-ellipsis">batch_<wbr>size</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_update-raises" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Raises</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.bulk_update-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
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</li>
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<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.count" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.count (Python method) — Return count of objects in queryset instead of objects." class="md-ellipsis">count</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="count">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.count-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
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</ul>
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.delete" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.delete (Python method) — Delete all objects in QuerySet." class="md-ellipsis">delete</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="delete">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.delete-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
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</li>
</ul>
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</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.distinct" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.distinct (Python method) — Make QuerySet distinct." class="md-ellipsis">distinct</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="distinct">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.distinct-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.earliest" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.earliest (Python method) — Returns the earliest object by ordering ascending on the specified field." class="md-ellipsis">earliest</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="earliest">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.earliest-params-orderings" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Params orderings</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.earliest-raises" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Raises</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.earliest-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.exclude" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.exclude (Python method) — Same as .filter(), but with appends all args with NOT" class="md-ellipsis">exclude</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="exclude">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.exclude-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.exists" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.exists (Python method) — Return True/False whether queryset exists." class="md-ellipsis">exists</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="exists">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.exists-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.explain" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.explain (Python method) — Fetch and return information about the query execution plan." class="md-ellipsis">explain</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="explain">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.explain-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.filter" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.filter (Python method) — Filters QuerySet by given kwargs. You can filter by related objects like this:" class="md-ellipsis">filter</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="filter">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.filter-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.first" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.first (Python method) — Limit queryset to one object and return one object instead of list." class="md-ellipsis">first</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="first">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.first-return-type" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">Return type</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.force_index" class="md-nav__link">
<span aria-label="Python method" class="objinfo-icon objinfo-icon__procedure" title="Python method">M</span><span title="tortoise.queryset.QuerySet.force_index (Python method) — The FORCE INDEX hint acts like USE INDEX (index_list), with the addition that a table scan is assumed to be very expensive." class="md-ellipsis">force_<wbr>index</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="force_index">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">