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RF transmitter and receiver.html
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<span style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Introduction to RF Receiver and Transmitter </span></span></h2>
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong style="color: #555555; font-family: Arial, sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Gotham; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">What is RF?</span></strong></span></span></span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;">Radio frequency</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;"> (</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;">RF</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;">) is any of the electromagnetic wave frequencies that lie in the range extending from around </span><span class="nowrap" style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; white-space: nowrap;">3 kHz</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;"> to </span><span class="nowrap" style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; white-space: nowrap;">300 <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigahertz" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gigahertz">GHz</a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;">, which include those </span>frequencies<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;"> used for communications or radar signals.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;"> RF usually refers to electrical rather than mechanical oscillations. However, mechanical RF systems do exist (see </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_filter" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; text-decoration: none;" title="Mechanical filter">mechanical filter</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;"> and </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_MEMS" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; text-decoration: none;" title="RF MEMS">RF MEMS</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;">). more info: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequency" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a> </span></div>
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<strong style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Gotham; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></strong></div>
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<strong style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Gotham; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">RF Transmitter:</span></strong></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;">Rf transmitter is a combination of electronics components (like Resistors ,capacitors, transistor, Oscillator etc.) assembled on a PCB board.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;">The basic principle of RF transmitter is to transfer a data to Receiver by "Encoder" after modulation using oscillator and other amplification </span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ICs. The transmission rate of RF is in the range of 1Kbps-10kbps which is sufficient to transfer 8-bit data one at a time.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MnhnbXxiT1w/V8QT7FSHVoI/AAAAAAAAA54/XJQQmR7ZPk0qeavTY0UL0q8zjhF4sUZqwCK4B/s1600/tranimitter.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MnhnbXxiT1w/V8QT7FSHVoI/AAAAAAAAA54/XJQQmR7ZPk0qeavTY0UL0q8zjhF4sUZqwCK4B/s400/tranimitter.png" width="400" /></a></span></span></div>
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<strong style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Gotham; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">RF Receiver:</span></strong></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;">RF receiver module receives the modulated RF signal, and convert the information in usable form. It receives signals through antenna it receives all the wave in the receiving range(ie.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;"> </span><span class="nowrap" style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; white-space: nowrap;">3 <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilohertz" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kilohertz">kHz</a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;"> to </span><span class="nowrap" style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; white-space: nowrap;">300 <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigahertz" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gigahertz">GHz</a>).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;">The antenna intercepts radio waves</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;"> and converts them to tiny alternating current</span><span style="background-color: white; text-align: start;"><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;"> which are applied to the receiver, and the receiver extracts the desired information. After receiving the signal the electronic filters to separate desirable radio waves. Now it is turn of "Decoder" to decode the signals.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; text-align: start;"><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eUR5GnHmtXc/V8QU6gJGfaI/AAAAAAAAA6M/5htHSN7bpaolsy-RhCpgHHD3dOYJ01oIwCK4B/s1600/receiver.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="126" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eUR5GnHmtXc/V8QU6gJGfaI/AAAAAAAAA6M/5htHSN7bpaolsy-RhCpgHHD3dOYJ01oIwCK4B/s400/receiver.png" width="400" /></a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #555555; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="line-height: 24px;">Flow diagram for communication between RF Receiver and Transmitter:</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #555555; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="line-height: 24px;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2rk_-Hvtmzw/V8QW7T4cZrI/AAAAAAAAA6Y/stAGYM8EA8oistAc8MPCseCHAPJ0C63XACK4B/s1600/RF-Overview_0.gif" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="341" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2rk_-Hvtmzw/V8QW7T4cZrI/AAAAAAAAA6Y/stAGYM8EA8oistAc8MPCseCHAPJ0C63XACK4B/s400/RF-Overview_0.gif" width="400" /></a> </span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px;">Encoder IC:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19.2px;">An </span><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19.2px;">encoder</b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"> is a device, circuit, converts information from one format or code to another, for the purposes of standardization, speed or compression.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">Encoder IC send a data with a particular address or in encrypted from which is only decoded by IC which is set on same the address.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">HT12E Encoder IC is commonly used for Radio Applications. It can transfer 12-bits of parallel data in which 8 Address bits and 4 data bits.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"></span></span></span><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q7V6NaQn7Nk/V8sMmNWyjiI/AAAAAAAAA7M/2wnG1FZTNUc_Zmx79xQpI2tsgdcZ0gZ2QCK4B/s1600/Encoder.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="315" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q7V6NaQn7Nk/V8sMmNWyjiI/AAAAAAAAA7M/2wnG1FZTNUc_Zmx79xQpI2tsgdcZ0gZ2QCK4B/s320/Encoder.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Decoder IC:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;">A </span></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19.2px;">decoder</b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"> is a used to decode the signal with is coming from </span></span></span><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19.2px;">encoder </b><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;">though any type of medium. It decode</span><span style="background-color: white; color: lime; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: lime; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;">serial data</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;"> to digital output like "1001" by using some logic gates(like AND ,OR,XOR etc.).It contains very complex combination of these gates which is difficult to understand.Bye the way, this is not our concern :)</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Wnhux6t8bGE/V8sMpMHh5QI/AAAAAAAAA7U/8R6wt3wKSSwdh8cZuwTzwIbRdfVMfj40QCK4B/s1600/Decoder.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="315" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Wnhux6t8bGE/V8sMpMHh5QI/AAAAAAAAA7U/8R6wt3wKSSwdh8cZuwTzwIbRdfVMfj40QCK4B/s320/Decoder.png" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px;">Now we know basics about Rf and Decoders and Encodes Let's start some practical....</span></h2>
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Direct communication between Decoder and Encoder: </span></span></h2>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Here we will see how to communication between Encoder an Decoder via connecting wire between </span><span style="color: lime;">Input</span><span style="color: #222222;"> and </span><span style="color: lime;">output</span><span style="color: #222222;"> pin of Encoder an Decoder so are you ready to start making simple circuit as given blow.</span></span></span></span></span></h2>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4mgXL-DQWvc/V8sgtiWzxTI/AAAAAAAAA70/LE0e4qLSiXQUwRUSwdtmSTQNZm3Mq8wkwCK4B/s1600/Encoder%2Band%2BDecoder.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="312" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4mgXL-DQWvc/V8sgtiWzxTI/AAAAAAAAA70/LE0e4qLSiXQUwRUSwdtmSTQNZm3Mq8wkwCK4B/s640/Encoder%2Band%2BDecoder.png" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.2px;">Circuit Diagram </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">There is no need to connect connect A0-A7 because there pins are use to set address that we use in RF transmission.</span></span></span></span></span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #555555;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">Now when you start pressing switch the </span></span><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 19.2px;">corresponding LED will blink and LED which is connected to pin 17 is shows whether </span></span><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">signal coming or not. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;">When it blinks it means one of the switch is pressed</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;">. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Note: The ratio of resistors in Encoder to Decoder is in the range of 5 to 7 and values of there resistors should be the order of 100k ohm(ex. 660k ohm for Encoder and 100k ohm for Decoder).</span></div>
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<span style="color: #555555; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Let's go to the next step....</span></div>
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 24px;">Communication using RF receiver and transmitter:</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">
<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="color: #222222;">Here we will see how to communication between Encoder an Decoder RF receiver and transmitter through radio waves between </span><span style="color: lime;">Input</span><span style="color: #222222;"> and </span><span style="color: lime;">output</span><span style="color: #222222;"> pin of Encoder an Decoder so are you ready to start making simple circuit as given blow.</span></span></span></span></span></h2>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.2px;"><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gjuQr_y71kE/V8ssugK4EDI/AAAAAAAAA8I/Ry3fC6dOzMk_Cp7JFza6WS-U0AWsm-oVwCK4B/s1600/RF%2Bcircuit.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="308" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gjuQr_y71kE/V8ssugK4EDI/AAAAAAAAA8I/Ry3fC6dOzMk_Cp7JFza6WS-U0AWsm-oVwCK4B/s640/RF%2Bcircuit.png" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: justify;">Circuit Diagram </span></span></h2>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.2px;">Here you can set you address as you want so that no other signal will </span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.2px;">interfere with your signal.</span></span></span></span></h2>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><b>Why it is necessary to set address ?</b></span><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.2px;"> </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.2px;">Let't take an example..</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">You are in a contest of robotics where many participants come with there bots than it might be possible that your robot will distract with other's radio signals but one you set your unique address than it will not take any unwanted signal surrounded it.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: red;">Note: The address pins of decoder and encoder will be switch on in same manner like Encoder set to "10000101" than Decoder should also be </span><span style="color: red;">"10000101". (here "1" denote ON and "0" for OFF for each pin).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;">Now you are able to do experiments with this because you have a </span><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 19.2px;">4-bit data signal. You can use it in you Remote Control Bot and Home automation and other many things. now it is depend on you that how you use it.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">If you make something new using RF than write in comment box.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;">We meet in next article which is RF control BOT(Car).</span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 18.48px; text-align: left;">I hope you have enjoyed this :)</span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 18.48px; text-align: left;">If you like this article than don't forget to click on follow button.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 18.48px; text-align: left;">For any suggestion and query please write in comment box.</span></div>
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