diff --git a/.github/workflows/run_test_suite.yml b/.github/workflows/run_test_suite.yml
index 63e9acb6..93281703 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/run_test_suite.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/run_test_suite.yml
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ jobs:
         # - https://guides.rubyonrails.org/maintenance_policy.html
         format: [materialized_path, materialized_path2]
         activerecord: [70, 71]
-        ruby: [3.1, 3.2]
+        ruby: [3.2, 3.3]
         # additional tests
         include:
-          # EOL 6/2022
-          - ruby: 2.5
+          # EOL 6/2022 (ruby >= 2.2.2, <2.7)
+          - ruby: 2.6
             activerecord: 52
           # EOL 2023
           - ruby: 2.7
diff --git a/Appraisals b/Appraisals
index 9f94adfc..57c3b040 100644
--- a/Appraisals
+++ b/Appraisals
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
-%w[5.2.8 6.0.6 6.1.7 7.0.8 7.1.2].each do |ar_version|
+# on a mac using:
+# bundle config --global build.mysql2 "--with-mysql-dir=$(brew --prefix mysql)"
+
+%w[5.2.8 6.0.6 6.1.7 7.0.8 7.1.3].each do |ar_version|
   appraise "gemfile-#{ar_version.split('.').first(2).join}" do
     gem 'activerecord', "~> #{ar_version}"
+    # active record 5.2 uses ruby 2.6
+    # active record 6.x uses ruby 2.7 (sometimes 3.0)
+    # so we are targeting the ruby version indirectly through active record
+    if ar_version < "7.0"
+      gem "sqlite3", "~> 1.6.9"
+    else
+      # sqlite3 v 2.0 is causing trouble with rails
+      gem "sqlite3", "< 2.0"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index 15b500aa..aa081768 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ gemspec
 gem "activerecord", "~> 6.1.7"
 gem "mysql2"
 gem "pg"
-gem "sqlite3"
+gem "sqlite3", "~> 1.6.9"
diff --git a/gemfiles/gemfile_52.gemfile b/gemfiles/gemfile_52.gemfile
index c437d2bd..eb715511 100644
--- a/gemfiles/gemfile_52.gemfile
+++ b/gemfiles/gemfile_52.gemfile
@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@ source "https://rubygems.org"
 gem "activerecord", "~> 5.2.8"
 gem "mysql2"
 gem "pg"
-gem "sqlite3"
+gem "sqlite3", "~> 1.6.9"
 
 gemspec path: "../"
diff --git a/gemfiles/gemfile_60.gemfile b/gemfiles/gemfile_60.gemfile
index 1187cdab..f0d662f0 100644
--- a/gemfiles/gemfile_60.gemfile
+++ b/gemfiles/gemfile_60.gemfile
@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@ source "https://rubygems.org"
 gem "activerecord", "~> 6.0.6"
 gem "mysql2"
 gem "pg"
-gem "sqlite3"
+gem "sqlite3", "~> 1.6.9"
 
 gemspec path: "../"
diff --git a/gemfiles/gemfile_61.gemfile b/gemfiles/gemfile_61.gemfile
index eee9b526..6a2913a1 100644
--- a/gemfiles/gemfile_61.gemfile
+++ b/gemfiles/gemfile_61.gemfile
@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@ source "https://rubygems.org"
 gem "activerecord", "~> 6.1.7"
 gem "mysql2"
 gem "pg"
-gem "sqlite3"
+gem "sqlite3", "~> 1.6.9"
 
 gemspec path: "../"
diff --git a/gemfiles/gemfile_70.gemfile b/gemfiles/gemfile_70.gemfile
index 8401e0d3..a938375d 100644
--- a/gemfiles/gemfile_70.gemfile
+++ b/gemfiles/gemfile_70.gemfile
@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@ source "https://rubygems.org"
 gem "activerecord", "~> 7.0.8"
 gem "mysql2"
 gem "pg"
-gem "sqlite3"
+gem "sqlite3", "< 2.0"
 
 gemspec path: "../"
diff --git a/gemfiles/gemfile_71.gemfile b/gemfiles/gemfile_71.gemfile
index 6bb5d12a..b077766d 100644
--- a/gemfiles/gemfile_71.gemfile
+++ b/gemfiles/gemfile_71.gemfile
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 source "https://rubygems.org"
 
-gem "activerecord", "~> 7.1.2"
+gem "activerecord", "~> 7.1.3"
 gem "mysql2"
 gem "pg"
-gem "sqlite3"
+gem "sqlite3", "< 2.0"
 
 gemspec path: "../"