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<div class="header-wrap">
<h1 class="project__header__title">Snyk test report</h1>
<p class="timestamp">May 12th 2022, 1:30:36 pm</p>
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<div class="source-panel">
<span>Scanned the following paths:</span>
<ul>
<li class="paths">/Users/swschmidt/Snyk Workspace/juice-shop/k8s-src/juice-shop-deploy.yaml (Kubernetes)</li><li class="paths">/Users/swschmidt/Snyk Workspace/juice-shop/k8s-src/juice-shop-service.yaml (Kubernetes)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="meta-counts">
<div class="meta-count"><span>9</span> <span>total issues</span></div>
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<table class="metatable">
<tbody>
<tr class="meta-row"><th class="meta-row-label">Project</th> <td class="meta-row-value">k8s-src/juice-shop-deploy.yaml</td></tr>
<tr class="meta-row"><th class="meta-row-label">Path</th> <td class="meta-row-value">/Users/swschmidt/Snyk Workspace/juice-shop/k8s-src/juice-shop-deploy.yaml</td></tr>
<tr class="meta-row"><th class="meta-row-label">Project Type</th> <td class="meta-row-value">Kubernetes</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section> <div class="layout-container" style="padding-top: 35px;">
<div class="cards--vuln filter--patch filter--ignore">
<div class="card card--vuln disclosure--not-new severity--high" data-snyk-test="high">
<h2 class="card__title">Container is running without root user control</h2>
<div class="card__section">
<div class="label label--high">
<span class="label__text">high severity</span>
</div>
<hr/>
<ul class="card__meta">
<li class="card__meta__item">
Public ID: <a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-10">SNYK-CC-K8S-10</a>
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">Introduced through:
[DocId: 0]
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containers[juice-shop]
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securityContext
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runAsNonRoot
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">
Line number: 23
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</ul>
<hr/>
<h2>Impact</h2>
<p>Container could be running with full administrative privileges</p>
<h2>Remediation</h2>
<p>Set `securityContext.runAsNonRoot` to `true`</p>
<h2>References</h2>
<ul>
<li>CIS Docker Benchmark 1.2.0 - 5.5 Ensure sensitive host system directories are not mounted on containers</li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#users-and-groups">https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#users-and-groups</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/blog/2016/08/security-best-practices-kubernetes-deployment/">https://kubernetes.io/blog/2016/08/security-best-practices-kubernetes-deployment/</a></li>
</ul>
<hr/>
</div><!-- .card__section -->
<div class="cta card__cta">
<p><a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-10">More about this issue</a></p>
</div>
</div><!-- .card -->
<div class="card card--vuln disclosure--not-new severity--high" data-snyk-test="high">
<h2 class="card__title">Privileged container</h2>
<div class="card__section">
<div class="label label--high">
<span class="label__text">high severity</span>
</div>
<hr/>
<ul class="card__meta">
<li class="card__meta__item">
Public ID: <a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-1">SNYK-CC-K8S-1</a>
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">Introduced through:
[DocId: 0]
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input
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containers[juice-shop]
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securityContext
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privileged
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">
Line number: 24
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</ul>
<hr/>
<h2>Impact</h2>
<p>Compromised container could potentially modify the underlying host’s kernel by loading unauthorized modules (i.e. drivers).</p>
<h2>Remediation</h2>
<p>Remove `securityContext.privileged` attribute, or set value to `false`</p>
<h2>References</h2>
<ul>
<li>CIS Kubernetes Benchmark 1.6.0 - 5.2.1 Minimize the admission of privileged containers</li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#privileged">https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#privileged</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/blog/2016/08/security-best-practices-kubernetes-deployment/">https://kubernetes.io/blog/2016/08/security-best-practices-kubernetes-deployment/</a></li>
</ul>
<hr/>
</div><!-- .card__section -->
<div class="cta card__cta">
<p><a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-1">More about this issue</a></p>
</div>
</div><!-- .card -->
<div class="card card--vuln disclosure--not-new severity--medium" data-snyk-test="medium">
<h2 class="card__title">Container does not drop all default capabilities</h2>
<div class="card__section">
<div class="label label--medium">
<span class="label__text">medium severity</span>
</div>
<hr/>
<ul class="card__meta">
<li class="card__meta__item">
Public ID: <a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-6">SNYK-CC-K8S-6</a>
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">Introduced through:
[DocId: 0]
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input
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containers[juice-shop]
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securityContext
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capabilities
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drop
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">
Line number: 23
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<h2>Impact</h2>
<p>Containers are running with potentially unnecessary privileges</p>
<h2>Remediation</h2>
<p>Add `ALL` to `securityContext.capabilities.drop` list, and add only required capabilities in `securityContext.capabilities.add`</p>
<h2>References</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/">https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://linux-audit.com/linux-capabilities-hardening-linux-binaries-by-removing-setuid/">https://linux-audit.com/linux-capabilities-hardening-linux-binaries-by-removing-setuid/</a></li>
</ul>
<hr/>
</div><!-- .card__section -->
<div class="cta card__cta">
<p><a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-6">More about this issue</a></p>
</div>
</div><!-- .card -->
<div class="card card--vuln disclosure--not-new severity--medium" data-snyk-test="medium">
<h2 class="card__title">Container is running without privilege escalation control</h2>
<div class="card__section">
<div class="label label--medium">
<span class="label__text">medium severity</span>
</div>
<hr/>
<ul class="card__meta">
<li class="card__meta__item">
Public ID: <a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-9">SNYK-CC-K8S-9</a>
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">Introduced through:
[DocId: 0]
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input
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containers[juice-shop]
<span class="list-paths__item__arrow">›</span>
securityContext
<span class="list-paths__item__arrow">›</span>
allowPrivilegeEscalation
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">
Line number: 23
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<h2>Impact</h2>
<p>Processes could elevate current privileges via known vectors, for example SUID binaries</p>
<h2>Remediation</h2>
<p>Set `securityContext.allowPrivilegeEscalation` to `false`</p>
<h2>References</h2>
<ul>
<li>CIS Docker Benchmark 1.2.0 - 5.25 Ensure that the container is restricted from acquiring additional privileges</li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#privilege-escalation">https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#privilege-escalation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/userspace-api/no_new_privs.html">https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/userspace-api/no_new_privs.html</a></li>
</ul>
<hr/>
</div><!-- .card__section -->
<div class="cta card__cta">
<p><a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-9">More about this issue</a></p>
</div>
</div><!-- .card -->
<div class="card card--vuln disclosure--not-new severity--low" data-snyk-test="low">
<h2 class="card__title">Container could be running with outdated image</h2>
<div class="card__section">
<div class="label label--low">
<span class="label__text">low severity</span>
</div>
<hr/>
<ul class="card__meta">
<li class="card__meta__item">
Public ID: <a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-42">SNYK-CC-K8S-42</a>
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">Introduced through:
[DocId: 0]
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imagePullPolicy
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">
Line number: 20
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<h2>Impact</h2>
<p>The container may run with outdated or unauthorized image</p>
<h2>Remediation</h2>
<p>Set `imagePullPolicy` attribute to `Always`</p>
<h2>References</h2>
<ul>
<li>5.27 Ensure that Docker commands always make use of the latest version of their image</li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/containers/images/">https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/containers/images/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/overview/#container-images">https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/overview/#container-images</a></li>
</ul>
<hr/>
</div><!-- .card__section -->
<div class="cta card__cta">
<p><a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-42">More about this issue</a></p>
</div>
</div><!-- .card -->
<div class="card card--vuln disclosure--not-new severity--low" data-snyk-test="low">
<h2 class="card__title">Container is running with writable root filesystem</h2>
<div class="card__section">
<div class="label label--low">
<span class="label__text">low severity</span>
</div>
<hr/>
<ul class="card__meta">
<li class="card__meta__item">
Public ID: <a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-8">SNYK-CC-K8S-8</a>
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">Introduced through:
[DocId: 0]
<span class="list-paths__item__arrow">›</span>
input
<span class="list-paths__item__arrow">›</span>
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containers[juice-shop]
<span class="list-paths__item__arrow">›</span>
securityContext
<span class="list-paths__item__arrow">›</span>
readOnlyRootFilesystem
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">
Line number: 23
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<h2>Impact</h2>
<p>Compromised process could abuse writable root filesystem to elevate privileges</p>
<h2>Remediation</h2>
<p>Set `securityContext.readOnlyRootFilesystem` to `true`</p>
<h2>References</h2>
<ul>
<li>CIS Docker Benchmark 1.2.0 - Ensure that the container's root filesystem is mounted as read only</li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#volumes-and-file-systems">https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#volumes-and-file-systems</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/blog/2016/08/security-best-practices-kubernetes-deployment/">https://kubernetes.io/blog/2016/08/security-best-practices-kubernetes-deployment/</a></li>
</ul>
<hr/>
</div><!-- .card__section -->
<div class="cta card__cta">
<p><a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-8">More about this issue</a></p>
</div>
</div><!-- .card -->
<div class="card card--vuln disclosure--not-new severity--low" data-snyk-test="low">
<h2 class="card__title">Container is running without cpu limit</h2>
<div class="card__section">
<div class="label label--low">
<span class="label__text">low severity</span>
</div>
<hr/>
<ul class="card__meta">
<li class="card__meta__item">
Public ID: <a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-5">SNYK-CC-K8S-5</a>
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">Introduced through:
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containers[juice-shop]
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resources
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limits
<span class="list-paths__item__arrow">›</span>
cpu
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">
Line number: 18
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</ul>
<hr/>
<h2>Impact</h2>
<p>Containers without limits can exceed the capacity of the node, and affect availability/performance of the host and other containers.</p>
<h2>Remediation</h2>
<p>Add `resources.limits.cpu` field with required CPU limit value</p>
<h2>References</h2>
<ul>
<li>CIS Docker Benchmark 1.2.0 - 5.11 Ensure that CPU priority is set appropriately on containers</li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource/">https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers/">https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/manage-resources/cpu-default-namespace/">https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/manage-resources/cpu-default-namespace/</a></li>
</ul>
<hr/>
</div><!-- .card__section -->
<div class="cta card__cta">
<p><a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-5">More about this issue</a></p>
</div>
</div><!-- .card -->
<div class="card card--vuln disclosure--not-new severity--low" data-snyk-test="low">
<h2 class="card__title">Container is running without liveness probe</h2>
<div class="card__section">
<div class="label label--low">
<span class="label__text">low severity</span>
</div>
<hr/>
<ul class="card__meta">
<li class="card__meta__item">
Public ID: <a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-41">SNYK-CC-K8S-41</a>
</li>
<li class="card__meta__item">Introduced through:
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<li class="card__meta__item">
Line number: 18
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</ul>
<hr/>
<h2>Impact</h2>
<p>Kubernetes will not be able to detect if application is able to service requests, and will not restart unhealthy pods</p>
<h2>Remediation</h2>
<p>Add `livenessProbe` attribute</p>
<h2>References</h2>
<ul>
<li>CIS Docker Benchmark v1.2.0 - 5.26 Ensure that container health is checked at runtime</li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-liveness-readiness-startup-probes/">https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-liveness-readiness-startup-probes/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/">https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/kubernetes-best-practices-setting-up-health-checks-with-readiness-and-liveness-probes">https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/kubernetes-best-practices-setting-up-health-checks-with-readiness-and-liveness-probes</a></li>
</ul>
<hr/>
</div><!-- .card__section -->
<div class="cta card__cta">
<p><a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-41">More about this issue</a></p>
</div>
</div><!-- .card -->
<div class="card card--vuln disclosure--not-new severity--low" data-snyk-test="low">
<h2 class="card__title">Container is running without memory limit</h2>
<div class="card__section">
<div class="label label--low">
<span class="label__text">low severity</span>
</div>
<hr/>
<ul class="card__meta">
<li class="card__meta__item">
Public ID: <a href="https://snyk.io/security-rules/SNYK-CC-K8S-4">SNYK-CC-K8S-4</a>
</li>