diff --git a/apps/backend/libs/exception/src/filter.ts b/apps/backend/libs/exception/src/filter.ts
index 4f33f9839c..76083fa989 100644
--- a/apps/backend/libs/exception/src/filter.ts
+++ b/apps/backend/libs/exception/src/filter.ts
@@ -3,10 +3,14 @@ import {
   type ArgumentsHost,
   Logger,
   HttpException,
-  InternalServerErrorException
+  InternalServerErrorException,
+  ConflictException,
+  NotFoundException,
+  UnprocessableEntityException
 } from '@nestjs/common'
 import { BaseExceptionFilter } from '@nestjs/core'
 import type { GqlExceptionFilter } from '@nestjs/graphql'
+import { PrismaClientKnownRequestError } from '@prisma/client/runtime/library'
 import { BusinessException } from './business.exception'
 
 @Catch()
@@ -17,6 +21,9 @@ export class AdminExceptionFilter implements GqlExceptionFilter {
     if (exception instanceof BusinessException) {
       this.logger.log(exception)
       return exception.convert2HTTPException()
+    } else if (exception instanceof PrismaClientKnownRequestError) {
+      this.logger.log(exception)
+      return convertPrismaError2HTTPException(exception)
     } else if (exception instanceof HttpException) {
       this.logger.log(exception)
       return exception
@@ -34,6 +41,9 @@ export class ClientExceptionFilter extends BaseExceptionFilter {
     if (exception instanceof BusinessException) {
       this.logger.log(exception)
       super.catch(exception.convert2HTTPException(), host)
+    } else if (exception instanceof PrismaClientKnownRequestError) {
+      this.logger.log(exception)
+      super.catch(convertPrismaError2HTTPException(exception), host)
     } else if (exception instanceof HttpException) {
       this.logger.log(exception)
       super.catch(exception, host)
@@ -43,3 +53,41 @@ export class ClientExceptionFilter extends BaseExceptionFilter {
     }
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * 데이터가 존재하지 않는 경우, Unique Constraint 위반 등의 사유로 발생하는 PrismaClientKnownRequestError를 HTTP Exception으로 변환
+ * @param exception PrismaClientKnownRequestError
+ * @returns HTTP Exception
+ */
+const convertPrismaError2HTTPException = (
+  exception: PrismaClientKnownRequestError
+) => {
+  const meta = exception.meta as {
+    cause?: string
+    model?: string
+  }
+
+  /*
+    TODO: 특정 상황에서 `meta`가 undefined로 반환되는 문제가 있는 것으로 보임.
+    해당 문제 해결되면 exception.message가 아닌 `meta`를 활용한 통일된 에러 메세지를 전달하도록 수정
+    참고: https://github.com/prisma/prisma/issues/24449
+  */
+  const extraDescription = meta?.model
+    ? ` : on model "${meta.model}", during "${meta.cause}"`
+    : ''
+
+  switch (exception.code) {
+    case 'P2002': // Unique Constraint violation
+      return new ConflictException(exception.message + extraDescription)
+    case 'P2025': // Record not found
+      return new NotFoundException(exception.message + extraDescription)
+    case 'P2003': // Foreign key constraint violation
+      return new UnprocessableEntityException(
+        exception.message + extraDescription
+      )
+    default:
+      return new InternalServerErrorException(
+        exception.message + extraDescription
+      )
+  }
+}