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description
Detailed technical documentation on RudderStack’s Android SDK using Android Studio to send events from your Android device to various destinations.

Android

What is the RudderStack Android SDK?

The RudderStack Android SDK allows you to track event data from your app. It can be easily integrated into your Android application. After integrating this SDK, you will also be able to send the event data to your preferred analytics destination/s such as Google Analytics, Amplitude, and more.

You can check the GitHub codebase if you want to get more hands-on or keen to know the SDK architecture.

Maven Central

SDK Setup Requirements

To set up the RudderStack Android SDK, there are a few prerequisites as mentioned below:

  • You will need to set up a RudderStack Account.
  • Once signed up, your Android source writeKey will appear in the Dashboard, as shown:

Android source WriteKey after adding the source

  • You will also need your Data Plane URL. Simply put, the Data Plane URL is used to connect to the RudderStack backend for processing and routing your events.

{% hint style="info" %} To get the Data Plane URL:

  • If you're using the open-source version of RudderStack, you are required to set up your own data plane by installing and setting up RudderStack in your preferred dev environment.

  • If you're using the enterprise version of RudderStack, please contact us for the data plane URL with the email ID used to sign up for RudderStack. {% endhint %}

  • You will also need to install Android Studio on your system.

Installing the SDK

{% hint style="info" %} As Bintray has a sunset from 1st may, we're moving our SDK to Maven Central". All the versions, 1.0.10 onwards are available in Maven Central only. {% endhint %}

We distribute our Android SDK through Maven Central. The recommended and easiest way to add the SDK to your project is through the Android Gradle build system.

Follow these steps:

  • Open your project level build.gradle file, and add the following lines of code:
buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
}
allprojects {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
}
  • Then open your app/build.gradle and add the dependency under dependencies as shown below:
implementation 'com.rudderstack.android.sdk:core:1+'
// add the following line if you don't have Gson included already
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2+'

{% hint style="info" %} It is recommended to use the Core Android SDK without any device-mode destination SDKs as you will have a better view on the captured data from the SDK. {% endhint %}

Setting Android Permission

Add this line to your AndroidManifest.xml file of your application for internet permission:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

We also declare android.permission.BLUETOOTH and android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE as optional by mentioning required="false" . If we get these permissions, we'll capture the Bluetooth status and the WiFi status of the device and pass it under context.network.

Initializing the RudderStack Client

Import the library on the classes you desire to use RudderClient library

import com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.*;

Add the following code to the onCreate method in your Application class:

{% hint style="info" %} Don't have an Application class? Follow our guide on Adding an Application Class to Your Android Application to add one. {% endhint %}

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

val rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
    this,
    WRITE_KEY,
    RudderConfig.Builder()
        .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
        .withTrackLifecycleEvents(true)
        .withRecordScreenViews(true)
        .build()
)

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JAVA" %}

RudderClient rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
        this,
        WRITE_KEY,
        new RudderConfig.Builder()
                .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
                .withTrackLifecycleEvents(true)
                .withRecordScreenViews(true)
                .build()
);

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

{% hint style="info" %} We automatically track the following optional events:

  1. Application Installed
  2. Application Updated
  3. Application Opened
  4. Application Backgrounded

You can disable these events using the withTrackLifecycleEvents method and passing false. But it is highly recommended to keep them enabled. {% endhint %}

Enabling/Disabling User Tracking via the optOut API (GDPR Support)

RudderStack gives the users (e.g., an EU user) the ability to opt out of tracking any user activity until the user gives their consent. You can do this by leveraging RudderStack's optOut API.

The optOut API takes true or false as a Boolean value to enable or disable tracking user activities. This flag persists across device reboots.

The following snippet highlights the use of the optOut API to disable user tracking:

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

rudderClient.optOut(true)

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JAVA" %}

rudderClient.optOut(true);

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

Once the user grants their consent, you can enable user tracking once again by using the optOut API with false as a parameter sent to it, as shown:

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

rudderClient.optOut(false)

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JAVA" %}

rudderClient.optOut(false);

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

{% hint style="info" %} The optOut API is available in the RudderStack Android SDK from version 1.0.19. {% endhint %}

Track

You can record the users' activity through the track method. Every action performed by the user is called an event.

An example of the track event is as shown:

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

rudderClient.track(
    "Product Added",
    RudderProperty()
        .putValue("product_id", "product_001")
)

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JAVA" %}

rudderClient.track(
        "Product Added",
        new RudderProperty()
                .putValue("product_id", "product_001")
);

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

Follow the method signature as below:

Name Data Type Required Description
name String Yes Name of the event you want to track
property RudderProperty or Map<String, Object> No Extra data properties you want to send along with the event
options RudderOption No Extra event options

Identify

We capture deviceId and use that as anonymousId for identifying the user. It helps to track the users across the application installation. To attach more information to the user, you can use the identify method. Once you set the identify information to the user, those will be passed to the successive track or screen calls. To reset the user identification, you can use the reset method.

{% hint style="info" %} On the Android devices, the deviceId is assigned during the first boot. It remains consistent across the applications and installs. It changes only after factory reset. {% endhint %}

An example identify event is as shown:

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

val traits = RudderTraits()
traits.putBirthday(Date())
traits.putEmail("[email protected]")
traits.putFirstName("First")
traits.putLastName("Last")
traits.putGender("m")
traits.putPhone("5555555555")

val address = RudderTraits.Address()
address.putCity("City")
address.putCountry("USA")
traits.putAddress(address)

traits.put("boolean", Boolean.TRUE)
traits.put("integer", 50)
traits.put("float", 120.4f)
traits.put("long", 1234L)
traits.put("string", "hello")
traits.put("date", Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))

rudderClient.identify("test_user_id", traits, null)

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JAVA" %}

RudderTraits traits = new RudderTraits();
traits.putBirthday(new Date());
traits.putEmail("[email protected]");
traits.putFirstName("First");
traits.putLastName("Last");
traits.putGender("m");
traits.putPhone("5555555555");

RudderTraits.Address address = new RudderTraits.Address();
address.putCity("City");
address.putCountry("USA");
traits.putAddress(address);

traits.put("boolean", Boolean.TRUE);
traits.put("integer", 50);
traits.put("float", 120.4f);
traits.put("long", 1234L);
traits.put("string", "hello");
traits.put("date", new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));

rudderClient.identify("test_user_id", traits, null;

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

Follow the method signatures below:

Name Data Type Required Description
traits RudderTraits Yes Traits information for the user
options RudderOption No Extra options for the identify event

OR

Name Data Type Required Description
userId String Yes Developer identity for the user
traits RudderTraits No Traits information for user
option RudderOption No Extra options for the identify event

Screen

You can use the screen call to record whenever the user sees a screen on the mobile device. You can also send some extra properties along with this event.

An example of the screen event is as shown:

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

rudderClient.screen(
    "MainActivity",
    "HomeScreen",
    RudderProperty().putValue("foo", "bar"),
    null
)

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JAVA" %}

rudderClient.screen(
    "MainActivity",
    "HomeScreen",
    new RudderProperty().putValue("foo", "bar"),
    null
);

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

Follow the method signature below:

Name Data Type Required Description
screenName String Yes Name of the screen viewed.
category String No Category of the screen visited, such as HomeScreen, LoginScreen. Useful for tracking multiple Fragment views under a single Activity.
property RudderProperty No Extra property object that you want to pass along with the screen call.
option RudderOption No Extra options to be passed along with screen event.

Group

The group call associates a user to a specific organization. A sample group call for the API is below:

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

rudderClient.group(
    "sample_group_id",
    RudderTraits().putAge("24")
        .putName("Test Group Name")
        .putPhone("1234567891")
)

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JAVA" %}

rudderClient.group(
    "sample_group_id",
    new RudderTraits().putAge("24")
        .putName("Test Group Name")
        .putPhone("1234567891")
);

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

Follow the method signatures below:

Name Data Type Required Description
groupId String Yes An ID of the organization with which you want to associate your user
traits RudderTraits No Any other property of the organization you want to pass along with the call
options RudderOption No Event level options

We don't persist the traits for the group across the sessions

Alias

The alias call associates the user with a new identification. A sample alias call for the API is below:

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

rudderClient.alias("test_new_id")

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JAVA" %}

rudderClient.alias("test_new_id");

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

Alternatively, you can use the following method signature

Name Data Type Required Description
newId String Yes The new userId you want to assign to the user
options RudderOption No Event level option

We replace the old userId with the newUserId and we persist that identification across the sessions.

Reset

You can use the reset method to clear the persisted traits for the identify call. This is required for Logout operations.

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

rudderClient.reset()

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JAVA" %}

rudderClient.reset();

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

Configuring your RudderStack Client

You can configure your client based on the following parameters using RudderConfig.Builder:

Parameter Type Description Default Value
logLevel int Controls how much of the log you want to see from the SDK. RudderLogger.RudderLogLevel.NONE
dataPlaneUrl string URL of your data-plane. Please refer above to see how to fetch the data plane URL. https://api.rudderlabs.com
flushQueueSize int Number of events in a batch request to the server. 30
dbThresholdCount int Number of events to be saved in the SQLite database. Once the limit is reached, older events are deleted from the DB. 10000
sleepTimeout int Minimum waiting time to flush the events to the server. 10 seconds
configRefreshInterval int It will fetch the config from dashboard after this many hours. 2
trackLifecycleEvents boolean Whether SDK will capture application life cycle events automatically. true
recordScreenViews boolean Whether SDK will capture screen view events automatically. false
controlPlaneUrl string This parameter should be changed only if you are self-hosting the Control Plane. Check the section Self-Hosted Control Plane below for more information. The SDK will add /sourceConfig along with this URL to fetch the configuration. https://api.rudderlabs.com

Self-Hosted Control Plane

If you are using a device mode destination like Adjust, Firebase, etc., the Android SDK needs to fetch the required configuration from the Control Plane. If you are using the Control Plane Lite utility to self-host your Control Plane, then follow this guide and specify controlPlaneUrl in yourRudderConfig.Builder that points to your hosted source configuration file.

{% hint style="warning" %} You shouldn't pass the controlPlaneUrl parameter during SDK initialization if you are using the RudderStack Cloud dashboard (https://app.rudderstack.com). This parameter is supported only if you are using the open-source Control Plane Lite _**_to self-host your Control Plane. {% endhint %}

Setting Android Device Token

You can set your device-token for push notification to be sent to the destinations that support Push Notification. We set the token under context.device.token.

Follow the code snippets below:

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

rudderClient.putDeviceToken("your_device_token")

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JAVA" %}

rudderClient.putDeviceToken("your_device_token");

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

Advertisement ID

We collect the advertisementId if it is enabled by the user and the App has the Google Play services Ads SDK embedded in the application. We set the gaid under context.device.advertisementId.

Apart from it, if you want to set the advertisingId by yourself, you can do so using the updateWithAdvertisingId method and passing the advertisingId.

{% hint style="warning" %} You need to call updateWithAdvertisingId method before calling getInstance {% endhint %}

An example of setting the advertisingId is as below

RudderClient.updateWithAdvertisingId(<ADVERTISING_ID>);

Anonymous ID

We use the deviceId as anonymousId by default. You can use the following method to override and use your own anonymousId with the SDK.

{% hint style="warning" %} You need to call setAnonymousId method before calling getInstance {% endhint %}

An example of setting the anonymousId is as below

RudderClient.setAnonymousId(<ANONYMOUS_ID>);

To retrieve the anonymousId you can use the following method:

RudderClient.getAnonymousId();

{% hint style="info" %} The method getAnonymousId is available from v1.0.11 onwards. {% endhint %}

Enabling / Disabling Events for Specific Destinations

The RudderStack Android SDK allows you to enable or disable event flow to a specific destination or all the destinations to which the source is connected. You can specify these destinations by creating a RudderOption object as shown:

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

val option = RudderOption()
//default value for `All` is true
option.putIntegration("All", false) 
// specifying destination by its display name
option.putIntegration("Google Analytics", true)
option.putIntegration(<DESTINATION DISPLAY NAME>, <boolean>)
// specifying destination by its Factory object
option.putIntegration(AppcenterIntegrationFactory.FACTORY,true);
option.putIntegration(<RudderIntegration.FACTORY>,<boolean>);

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Java" %}

RudderOption option = new RudderOption();
// default value for `All` is true
option.putIntegration("All", false); 
// specifying destination by its display name
option.putIntegration("Google Analytics", true);
option.putIntegration(<DESTINATION DISPLAY NAME>, <boolean>);
// specifying destination by its Factory object
option.putIntegration(AppcenterIntegrationFactory.FACTORY,true);
option.putIntegration(<RudderIntegration.FACTORY>,<boolean>);

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

{% hint style="info" %} The keyword All in the above snippet represents all the destinations the source is connected to. Its value is set to true by default. {% endhint %}

{% hint style="info" %} Make sure the destination display name that you pass while specifying the destinations should exactly match the destination name as shown here. {% endhint %}

You can pass the destination(s) specified in the above snippet to the SDK in two ways:

1. Passing the destinations while initializing the SDK:

This is helpful when you want to enable/disable sending the events across all the event calls made using the SDK to the specified destination(s).

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

var rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
            this,
            <WRITE_KEY>,
            RudderConfig.Builder()
                .withDataPlaneUrl(<DATA_PLANE_URL>)
                .withLogLevel(RudderLogger.RudderLogLevel.DEBUG)
                .withTrackLifecycleEvents(false)
                .withRecordScreenViews(false)
                .build(), 
            option // passing the rudderoption object containing the list of destination(s) you specified
        )

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Java" %}

RudderClient client = RudderClient.getInstance(
                this,
                <WRITE_KEY>,
                new RudderConfig.Builder()
                        .withEndPointUri(<END_POINT_URL>)
                        .build(),
                option // passing the rudderoption object containing the list of destination(s) you specified
        );

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

2. Passing the destinations while making any event call:

This approach is helpful when you want to enable/disable sending only a particular event to the specified destination(s) or if you want to override the specified destinations passed with the SDK initialization for a particular event.

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

rudderClient.track(
                    "Product Added",
                    RudderProperty()
                            .putValue("product_id", "product_001"),
                    option // passing the rudderoption object containing the list of destination you specified
            )

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Java" %}

rudderClient.track(
                "Product Added",
                new RudderProperty()
                        .putValue("product_id", "product_001"), 
                option // passing the rudderoption object containing the list of destination(s) you specified
        );

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

{% hint style="info" %} If you specify the destinations both while initializing the SDK as well as while making an event call, then the destinations specified at the event level only will be considered. {% endhint %}

External ID

You can pass your custom userId along with standard userId in your identify calls. We add those values under context.externalId. The following code snippet shows a way to add externalId to your identify request.

rudderClient.identify(
    "sampleUserId",
    RudderTraits().putFirstName("First Name"),
    RudderOption()
        .putExternalId("brazeExternalId", "some_external_id")
)

Debugging

If you run into any issues regarding the RudderStack Android SDK, you can turn on the VERBOSE or DEBUG logging to find out what the issue is. To turn on the logging, change your RudderClient initialization to the following:

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

val rudderClient: RudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
    this,
    YOUR_WRITE_KEY,
    RudderConfig.Builder()
        .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
        .withLogLevel(RudderLogger.RudderLogLevel.DEBUG)
        .build()
)

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Java" %}

RudderClient rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
    this,
    YOUR_WRITE_KEY,
    new RudderConfig.Builder()
        .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
        .withLogLevel(RudderLogger.RudderLogLevel.DEBUG)
        .build()
);

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

Can I develop a Device Mode destination if RudderStack doesn't support it already?

{% hint style="info" %} More information on the RudderStack Device Mode can be found in the RudderStack Connection Modes guide. {% endhint %}

Yes, you can develop a Device Mode destination by following these steps:

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

import com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.RudderClient;
import com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.RudderConfig;
import com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.RudderIntegration;
import com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.RudderLogger;
import com.rudderstack.android.sdk.core.RudderMessage;

public class CustomFactory extends RudderIntegration<CustomFactory> {
    private static final String FACTORY_KEY = "Custom Factory";

    public static Factory FACTORY = new Factory() {
        @Override
        public RudderIntegration<?> create(Object settings, RudderClient client, RudderConfig rudderConfig) {
            return new CustomFactory(client,rudderConfig);
        }

        @Override
        public String key() {
            return FACTORY_KEY;
        }
    };

    private CustomFactory(@NonNull RudderClient client, RudderConfig config) {

    }

    private void processRudderEvent(RudderMessage element) {
        System.out.println("Processing RudderEvent of type "+element.getType());

    }

    @Override
    public void reset() {
        System.out.println("Reset is called");
    }

    @Override
    public void flush() {
        System.out.println("Flush is called");
    }

    @Override
    public void dump(@Nullable RudderMessage element) {
        try {
            if (element != null) {
                processRudderEvent(element);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            RudderLogger.logError(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public CustomFactory getUnderlyingInstance() {
        return this;
    }
}

Some pointers to keep in mind:

  • You can use the constructor of the CustomFactory class to initialize the native SDK of the Device Mode destination you are working on.
  • RudderStack's Android SDK dumps every event it receives to the dump() method of the CustomFactory class. From here, you can process the event and hand it over to the native SDK of the Device Mode destination.
  • The SDK also triggers the reset() method of the CustomFactory class on every reset() call made via the SDK. You can use this to handle the destination-specific reset.
  • RudderStack's Android SDK also triggers the flush() method of the CustomFactory class on every flush() call made via the SDK which you can use to handle the destination-specific reset logic. You can make a flush call using the SDK as shown below:

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

rudderClient.flush()

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JAVA" %}

rudderClient.flush();

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

  • Make sure you return a valid value from getUnderlyingInstance() as it is used by the Android SDK to validate CustomFactory.
  • Make sure you do not duplicate the value of FACTORY_KEY across multiple CustomFactory that you develop.
  • Register CustomFactory with the RudderStack Android SDK during its initialization, as shown:
var rudderClient = RudderClient.getInstance(
            this,
            WRITE_KEY,
            RudderConfig.Builder()
                .withDataPlaneUrl(DATA_PLANE_URL)
                .withTrackLifecycleEvents(false)
                .withRecordScreenViews(false)
                .withCustomFactory(CustomFactory.FACTORY)
                .build()
)

That's it! Your Device Mode destination is good to go.

FAQs

Do I need to add anything to my proguard-rules?

If you are facing any issues regarding event delivery in a production environment, add the following line in your proguard rule:

-keep class com.rudderstack.android.** { *; }

What is the Android version required to set up the RudderStack Android SDK?

We currently support API 14: Android 4.0 (IceCreamSandwich) or higher.

I don't have an Application class to initialize my RudderStack client. What do I do?

Please follow our guide on How to Add an Application Class to Your Android App to add an Application class.

How do I set the Android permissions?

Please refer to the Setting the Android Permission section above to do this.

Can I use the library with Maven?

Yes, you can use the library with maven.

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.rudderstack.android.sdk</groupId>
  <artifactId>core</artifactId>
  <version>latest_version</version>
  <type>pom</type>
</dependency>

How do I check whether a specific event is getting fired or not?

Using the following command in the Logcat tool once you set the logLevel to VERBOSE.

adb logcat -s RudderSDK:V \
    -v tag -e "EventRepository: dump: message:"

How do I get the user traits after making the identify call?

You can get the user traits after making an identify call as shown in the following snippet:

{% tabs %} {% tab title="Kotlin" %}

val traits = rudderClient!!.getRudderContext().getTraits()

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JAVA" %}

Map<String,Object> traitsObj = rudderClient.getRudderContext().getTraits();

{% endtab %} {% endtabs %}

Can I disable event tracking until the user gives their consent?

Yes, you can.

RudderStack gives you the ability to disable tracking any user activity until the user gives their consent, by leveraging the optOut API. This is required in cases where your app is audience-dependent (e.g. minors) or where you're using the app to track the user events (e.g. EU users) to meet the data protection and privacy regulations.

The optOut API takes true or false as a Boolean value to enable or disable tracking user activities. So, to disable user tracking, you can use the optOut API as shown:

rudderClient.optOut(true)

Once the user gives their consent, you can enable user tracking again, as shown:

rudderClient.optOut(false)

{% hint style="info" %} For more information on the optOut API, refer to the Enabling/Disabling User Tracking via optOut API section above. {% endhint %}

{% hint style="success" %} You only need to call the optOut API with the required parameter once, as the information persists within the device even if you reboot it. {% endhint %}

How does the SDK handle different client/server errors?

In case of client-side errors, e.g. if the source write key passed to the SDK is incorrect, RudderStack gives you a 400 Bad Request response and aborts the operation immediately.

For other types of network errors (e.g. Invalid Data Plane URL), the SDK tries to flush the events to RudderStack in an incremental manner (every 1 second, 2 seconds, 3 seconds, and so on).

Contact Us

In case of any queries, you can always contact us, or open an issue on our GitHub Issues page in case of any discrepancy.