Linux常用命令和操作

显示时间data

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name ~]# date
Tue Jul 16 12:30:35 EDT 2019

显示日期/每年的日期 cal

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name ~]# cal
    July 2019     
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
  1  2  3  4  5  6
 7  8  9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31



[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name ~]# cal 2019
                             2019                               

     January               February                 March

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 April May June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July August September
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30

   October               November               December

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31


- 显示某年的第n个月 `cal 8 2019`

```shell
[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name ~]# cal 8 2019
     August 2019    
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
             1  2  3
 4  5  6  7  8  9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31

退出exit,ctrl+d
计算器 bc
往前翻页 shift+pageUP,往后翻页shfit+PageDn
获取命令帮助 man 命令
linux 文件属性：

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name ftp_down]# ll
total 20004
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 10237385 May 18 20:48 rabbitmq-server-3.7.15-1.el6.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 10238187 May 18 20:48 rabbitmq-server-3.7.15-1.el7.noarch.rpm
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root       80 Jul 11 08:19 spring-boot-web-demo01
drwxr-xr-x. 11 1000 1000     4096 May 15 12:22 zookeeper3.4

第一个字符代表这个文件是『目录、文件或链接文件等等』： o 当为[ d ]则是目录，例如上表档名为『spring-boot-web-demo01』的那一行； o 当为[ - ]则是文件，例如上表档名为『rabbitmq-server-3.7.15-1.el7.noarch.rpm』那一行； o 若是[ l ]则表示为连结档(link file)； o 若是[ b ]则表示为装置文件里面的可供储存的接口设备(可随机存取装置)； o 若是[ c ]则表示为装置文件里面的串行端口设备，例如键盘、鼠标(一次性读取装置)。
删除文件夹rmdir：

查看cat

打印行号cat -n 文件名字

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name ftp_down]# cat -n test.jsp 
     1	a
     2	as
     3	d
     4	ada
     5	s
     6

去掉空白行cat -b 文件名字

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name ftp_down]# cat -b test.jsp 
     1	a
     2	as
     3	d
     4	ada
     5	s

反向查看tac

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name ftp_down]# tac test.jsp 

s
ada
d
as
a

分页查看-more
分页查看-less ,向前PageUP,向后PageDown

head

取前20行,默认10行

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name ~]# head -20 /etc/man_db.conf

取第3行-第6行记录 (先取出6条记录,然后使用tail 只取后面的4条 ,得到 3-6 |是管道分隔符,表示前面的记录交给后面的处理)

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name ftp_down]# cat -n test.jsp 
     1	1a
     2	2b
     3	3c
     4	4d
     5	5e
     6	6f
     7	7g
     8	8h
     9	9i
[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name ftp_down]# head -n 6  test.jsp | tail -n 4
3c
4d
5e
6f

获取用户输入

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# vim showme.sh 

#!/bin/bash
read -p "Please input your first name:" firstname       #获取用户输入
echo -e "Your firstName is ${firstname}"   #打印用户输入


[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# sh showme.sh 
Please input your first name:Jack
Your firstName is Jack

source xxx.sh和sh xxx.sh的区别
- source会保存变量的值,xxx.sh 执行完还能够获取到,相当于加入到了Path了
- sh 执行完的话,后续就不能再次获取变量了

测试文件夹是否存在

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# vim file_perm.sh 
#!/bin/bash
read -p "输入文件名: "  filename

#test -e 判断文件是否存在    ;  test ! -e 不存在
test ! -e ${filename} && echo "你输入的文件名不存在" && exit 0

#判断是否是一个文件
test -f ${filename} && filetype="regulare file"

echo "the filename is ${filename},and filetype is ${filetype}"


[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# sh file_perm.sh 
输入文件名: bbq
你输入的文件名不存在
[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# sh file_perm.sh 
输入文件名: ladname20195917
the filename is ladname20195917,and filetype is regulare file

shell脚本获取参数等

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# vim get_into_params.sh -n

#!/bin/bash


echo "the script name  is   ==> ${0} "

echo "Total paramter number is ==> $#"

[ "$#" -lt 2 ] && echo "The number of paramter is less than 2.Stop here ." && exit 0

echo "Your whole params is ==> $@"

echo "the 1st name is ==> ${1}"
echo "the 2sd name is ==> ${2}"


[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# sh get_into_params.sh  key rose bullet
the script name  is   ==> get_into_params.sh 
Total paramter number is ==> 3
Your whole params is ==> key rose bullet
the 1st name is ==> key
the 2sd name is ==> rose

shell if

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# cat testif.sh 
#!/bin/bash

read -p "receice input string :" str

if [ "${str}" == "Y" ] || [ "${str}" == "y" ] ; then
   	echo "you input str is Y or y." 
	exit 0
fi

if [ "${str}" == "N" ] || [ "${str}" == "n" ]  ; then
	echo "you input str is N or n."
	exit 0
fi

echo -e "i don't know what your chose is " && exit 0	



[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# sh testif.sh 
receice input string :n
you input str is N or n.
[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# sh testif.sh 
receice input string :q
i don't know what your chose is

shell if-elseif -else

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# cat ifelseif.sh 
#!/bin/bash

read -p "please input a str :" str

if [ "${str}" == "0" ] ; then 
	echo -e "your input number less than zero"
	exit 0
elif [ "${str}" == "1" ] || [  "${str}" == "2" ] ; then
	echo -e "your input number between first and second"
	exit 0
else
	echo -e "i don't know you input string... please retry run the script..thanks" 
        exit 0
fi

shell case 语法练习

#!/usr/bin/env bash

#case 语法练习
case ${1} in
    "hello" )
        echo "hello ,how are you ?"
        ;;
    "") #为空
        echo "you Must input paramters, ex> {${0} someword}" ;;
    "--help")
        echo "Usage: ${1} [OPTION]... "
        echo "${0} hello  print hello.how are you";;
    *) #任意个
        echo "Usage ${0} "
        ;;
esac

shell while循环练习

#!/bin/bash

while [ "${yn}" != "yes" -a  "${yn}" != "YES"  ]
do
        read -p "Please input yes or YES" yn
done

echo "OK, finally"

shell 检测端口是否运行

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# cat detect_server.sh 
#!/bin/bash

if [ "${1}" == "" ] ; then
	echo "please input a port ,example 22"
	exit 0
fi

detect_file=./netstat_checking.txt
netstat -tuln >> ${detect_file}

str=$(grep ":${1}" ${detect_file} )

if [ "${str}" != ""  ] ; then
	echo "${1} port is started..."
	exit 0

else 
	echo "SB,没有这个端口"
	exit 0

fi

shell 求和

#!/bin/bash



total=0


n_start=$(echo ${1} | grep '[0-9]\{1\}'  )

n_end=$(echo ${2} | grep '[0-9]\{1\}'  )


if [ "${n_start}" == "" ] ; then
        echo -e "please input 1st number ,isn't "${1}" "
        exit 1

elif [ "${n_end}" == "" ] ; then
        echo -e "please input 2sec number ,isn't "${2}" "
        exit 1

elif [ "${n_end}" -lt  "${n_start}"  ] ; then
        echo -e "please input correct number and 2se number  must greet than 1st number,current 1st number is "${n_start}" and 2sec is "${n_end}"  "
        exit 1
fi

i=${end}

while [ "${i}" != "${n_end}" ]

do
        i=$(($i+1))
        total=$(($i+$total))
done
echo -e "result is  "${total}" "

shell for循环获取用户名称

#!/bin/bash

users=$(cut -d ':' -f1 /etc/passwd)

for u in ${users}
do
        echo -e "u is ${u} "
done

shell for循环ping ip

#!/bin/bash

network_pre="192.168.1"

for ip_suff in $(seq 1 255)
do

        ping -c 1 -w 1 ${network_pre}.${ip_suff} &> /dev/null && result=0 || result=1

        if [ "${result}" == 0 ] ; then
                echo -e "this ping ip is ${network_pre}.${ip_suff} is UP !"
        else
                echo -e "this ping ip is ${network_pre}.${ip_suff} is DOWN.... !"
        fi

done

shell 检测文件夹下面的文件权限

#!/bin/bash

#查看目录是否存在

read -p "please input a directory :" dir

if [ "${dir}" == "" -o !  -d "${dir}" ] ; then
        echo "${dir} is not a diretory...pelase retry input a diretory..thanks "
        exit 1
fi

#写入文件
filelist=$(ls ${dir})
for filename in ${filelist}
do
        perm=""
        test -r "${dir}/${filename}" && perm="${perm} readable"
        test -w "${dir}/${filename}" && perm="${perm} writer"
        test -x "${dir}/${filename}" && perm="${perm} executedable"
        echo "The ${dir}/${filename}'s permission is ${perm}"
done

将程序放置后台进行,并且记录日志到执行目录下

[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# tar -zpcvf rabbitmq-server-3.7.15-1.el6.noarch.rpm  /etc/ > /tmp/log.txt 2>&1 &

将vim放置后台运行,随后继续vim
1. ctrl+z 从vim模式切出来,但是vim的内容此时是被保存的了.
2. 用jobs -l 查看后台挂起的所有vim
3. %1 1代表的是挂起的数字, 输入即可之前编辑的vim
nohup 后台进行(使用nohup就算退出当前终端程序也还是会继续执行,如果是用上方的命令退出终端,那么下次进入的话将不会有原来的任务)
```
[root@liming_linux_centos7_host_name tmp]# nohup ./sleep.sh &
```

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