diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/magnetic_ptychographic_tomography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/magnetic_ptychographic_tomography.py
index d763c8886..d316c54db 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/magnetic_ptychographic_tomography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/magnetic_ptychographic_tomography.py
@@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ def reconstruct(
             detector_fourier_mask = xp.asarray(detector_fourier_mask)
 
         if virtual_detector_masks is not None:
-            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks)
+            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks).astype(xp.bool_)
 
         if gaussian_filter_sigma_m is None:
             gaussian_filter_sigma_m = gaussian_filter_sigma_e
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/magnetic_ptychography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/magnetic_ptychography.py
index b5fb1dc46..4c348971f 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/magnetic_ptychography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/magnetic_ptychography.py
@@ -1412,7 +1412,7 @@ def reconstruct(
             detector_fourier_mask = xp.asarray(detector_fourier_mask)
 
         if virtual_detector_masks is not None:
-            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks)
+            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks).astype(xp.bool_)
 
         if gaussian_filter_sigma_m is None:
             gaussian_filter_sigma_m = gaussian_filter_sigma_e
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/mixedstate_multislice_ptychography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/mixedstate_multislice_ptychography.py
index f0cffac3d..d5808135b 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/mixedstate_multislice_ptychography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/mixedstate_multislice_ptychography.py
@@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ def reconstruct(
             detector_fourier_mask = xp.asarray(detector_fourier_mask)
 
         if virtual_detector_masks is not None:
-            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks)
+            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks).astype(xp.bool_)
 
         # main loop
         for a0 in tqdmnd(
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/mixedstate_ptychography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/mixedstate_ptychography.py
index 02ed99708..0032313f3 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/mixedstate_ptychography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/mixedstate_ptychography.py
@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ def reconstruct(
             detector_fourier_mask = xp.asarray(detector_fourier_mask)
 
         if virtual_detector_masks is not None:
-            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks)
+            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks).astype(xp.bool_)
 
         # main loop
         for a0 in tqdmnd(
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/multislice_ptychography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/multislice_ptychography.py
index 570f1c796..3e6fdc2b5 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/multislice_ptychography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/multislice_ptychography.py
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ def reconstruct(
             detector_fourier_mask = xp.asarray(detector_fourier_mask)
 
         if virtual_detector_masks is not None:
-            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks)
+            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks).astype(xp.bool_)
 
         # main loop
         for a0 in tqdmnd(
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/ptychographic_tomography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/ptychographic_tomography.py
index 2d3ef8c4b..19fca8e96 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/ptychographic_tomography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/ptychographic_tomography.py
@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ def reconstruct(
             detector_fourier_mask = xp.asarray(detector_fourier_mask)
 
         if virtual_detector_masks is not None:
-            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks)
+            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks).astype(xp.bool_)
 
         # main loop
         for a0 in tqdmnd(
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/singleslice_ptychography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/singleslice_ptychography.py
index f459385eb..1c07137e4 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/singleslice_ptychography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/singleslice_ptychography.py
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ def reconstruct(
             detector_fourier_mask = xp.asarray(detector_fourier_mask)
 
         if virtual_detector_masks is not None:
-            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks)
+            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks).astype(xp._bool)
 
         # main loop
         for a0 in tqdmnd(
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/xray_magnetic_ptychography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/xray_magnetic_ptychography.py
index 2dc74cfe4..7a6b0de4b 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/xray_magnetic_ptychography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/xray_magnetic_ptychography.py
@@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ def reconstruct(
             detector_fourier_mask = xp.asarray(detector_fourier_mask)
 
         if virtual_detector_masks is not None:
-            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks)
+            virtual_detector_masks = xp.asarray(virtual_detector_masks).astype(xp.bool_)
 
         if gaussian_filter_sigma_m is None:
             gaussian_filter_sigma_m = gaussian_filter_sigma_e