Make all algorithm parameters available to be adjustable through public API

[papalotis]

Currently many parameters of the algorithm are either hardcoded or only adjustable in deep parts of the codebase. All parameters that can meaningfully affect either the algorithm's output or performance need to be made available in the public API. Furthermore, two parameter presets need to be made available, one for when the algorithm runs in colorless mode and one when colors are always available and are guaranteed to be mostly correct.