diff --git a/joss.07017/10.21105.joss.07017.crossref.xml b/joss.07017/10.21105.joss.07017.crossref.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e2ce94c00 --- /dev/null +++ b/joss.07017/10.21105.joss.07017.crossref.xml @@ -0,0 +1,367 @@ + + + + 20241017215217-535eaf92fb4d11a9faa7c95de88fb2f4dce71b83 + 20241017215217 + + JOSS Admin + admin@theoj.org + + The Open Journal + + + + + Journal of Open Source Software + JOSS + 2475-9066 + + 10.21105/joss + https://joss.theoj.org + + + + + 10 + 2024 + + + 9 + + 102 + + + + Adamantine 1.0: A Thermomechanical Simulator for +Additive Manufacturing + + + + Bruno + Turcksin + https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5954-6313 + + + Stephen + DeWitt + https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-293X + + + + 10 + 17 + 2024 + + + 7017 + + + 10.21105/joss.07017 + + + http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ + http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ + http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ + + + + Software archive + 10.5281/zenodo.13869657 + + + GitHub review issue + https://github.com/openjournals/joss-reviews/issues/7017 + + + + 10.21105/joss.07017 + https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.07017 + + + https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.07017.pdf + + + + + + The deal.II library, version +9.5 + Arndt + Journal of Numerical +Mathematics + 3 + 31 + 10.1515/jnma-2023-0089 + 2023 + Arndt, D., Bangerth, W., Bergbauer, +M., Feder, M., Fehling, M., Heinz, J., Heister, T., Heltai, L., +Kronbichler, M., Maier, M., Munch, P., Pelteret, J.-P., Turcksin, B., +Wells, D., & Zampini, S. (2023). The deal.II library, version 9.5. +Journal of Numerical Mathematics, 31(3), 231–246. +https://doi.org/10.1515/jnma-2023-0089 + + + p4est: Scalable algorithms for parallel +adaptive mesh refinement on forests of octrees + Burstedde + SIAM Journal on Scientific +Computing + 3 + 33 + 10.1137/100791634 + 2011 + Burstedde, C., Wilcox, L. C., & +Ghattas, O. (2011). p4est: Scalable algorithms for parallel adaptive +mesh refinement on forests of octrees. SIAM Journal on Scientific +Computing, 33(3), 1103–1133. +https://doi.org/10.1137/100791634 + + + ArborX: A performance portable geometric +search library + Lebrun-Grandié + ACM Trans. Math. Softw. + 1 + 47 + 10.1145/3412558 + 0098-3500 + 2020 + Lebrun-Grandié, D., Prokopenko, A., +Turcksin, B., & Slattery, S. R. (2020). ArborX: A performance +portable geometric search library. ACM Trans. Math. Softw., 47(1). +https://doi.org/10.1145/3412558 + + + The Trilinos Project Website + The Trilinos Project Team + 2020 + The Trilinos Project Team. (2020). +The Trilinos Project Website. + + + Kokkos 3: Programming model extensions for +the exascale era + Trott + IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed +Systems + 4 + 33 + 10.1109/TPDS.2021.3097283 + 2022 + Trott, C. R., Lebrun-Grandié, D., +Arndt, D., Ciesko, J., Dang, V., Ellingwood, N., Gayatri, R., Harvey, +E., Hollman, D. S., Ibanez, D., Liber, N., Madsen, J., Miles, J., +Poliakoff, D., Powell, A., Rajamanickam, S., Simberg, M., Sunderland, +D., Turcksin, B., & Wilke, J. (2022). Kokkos 3: Programming model +extensions for the exascale era. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and +Distributed Systems, 33(4), 805–817. +https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2021.3097283 + + + Data assimilation + Asch + 10.1137/1.9781611974546 + 2016 + Asch, M., Bocquet, M., & Nodet, +M. (2016). Data assimilation. Society for Industrial and Applied +Mathematics. +https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611974546 + + + A generic interface for parallel cell-based +finite element operator application + Kronbichler + Computers & Fluids + 63 + 10.1016/j.compfluid.2012.04.012 + 2012 + Kronbichler, M., & Kormann, K. +(2012). A generic interface for parallel cell-based finite element +operator application. Computers & Fluids, 63, 135–147. +https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2012.04.012 + + + Plasticity: Modeling & +computation + Borja + 10.1007/978-3-642-38547-6 + 2013 + Borja, R. I. (2013). Plasticity: +Modeling & computation. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg. +https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38547-6 + + + Classical and computational solid +mechanics + Fung + 2001 + Fung, Y., & Tong, P. (2001). +Classical and computational solid mechanics. World +Scientific. + + + AdditiveFOAM: Release 1.0 + Coleman + 10.5281/zenodo.8034098 + 2023 + Coleman, J., Kincaid, K., Knapp, G. +L., Stump, B., & Plotkowski, A. J. (2023). AdditiveFOAM: Release 1.0 +(Version 1.0.0). Zenodo. +https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8034098 + + + Abaqus documentation + Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp. + 2024 + Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp. +(2024). Abaqus documentation. Dassault Systèmes. +https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/abaqus/ + + + ANSYS documentation + ANSYS Inc. + 2024 + ANSYS Inc. (2024). ANSYS +documentation. ANSYS Inc. +https://www.ansys.com/products/structures/ansys-mechanical + + + Gmsh: A 3-d finite element mesh generator +with built-in pre- and post-processing facilities + Geuzaine + International Journal for Numerical Methods +in Engineering + 11 + 79 + 10.1002/nme.2579 + 2009 + Geuzaine, C., & Remacle, J.-F. +(2009). Gmsh: A 3-d finite element mesh generator with built-in pre- and +post-processing facilities. International Journal for Numerical Methods +in Engineering, 79(11), 1309–1331. +https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.2579 + + + COMSOL multiphysics v6.2 + COMSOL AB + 2024 + COMSOL AB. (2024). COMSOL +multiphysics v6.2. https://www.comsol.com + + + SMESH documentation + 2024 + SMESH documentation. (2024). +https://docs.salome-platform.org/latest/gui/SMESH/index.html + + + ExodusII finite element data model, version +00 + 2005 + ExodusII finite element data model, +version 00. (2005). +https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1230926 + + + Tecplot documentation + Tecplot Inc. + 2024 + Tecplot Inc. (2024). Tecplot +documentation. +https://tecplot.azureedge.net/products/360/current/360-users-manual.pdf + + + The asset-importer-lib +documentation + 2024 + The asset-importer-lib documentation. +(2024). +https://assimp-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ + + + The visualization toolkit (4th +ed.) + Schroeder + 978-1-930934-19-1 + 2006 + Schroeder, W., Martin, K., & +Lorensen, B. (2006). The visualization toolkit (4th ed.). Kitware. +ISBN: 978-1-930934-19-1 + + + Calibrating uncertain parameters in melt pool +simulations of additive manufacturing + Knapp + Computational Materials +Science + 218 + 10.1016/j.commatsci.2022.111904 + 0927-0256 + 2023 + Knapp, G. L., Coleman, J., Rolchigo, +M., Stoyanov, M., & Plotkowski, A. (2023). Calibrating uncertain +parameters in melt pool simulations of additive manufacturing. +Computational Materials Science, 218, 111904. +https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2022.111904 + + + Metal additive-manufacturing process and +residual stress modeling + Megahed + Integrating Materials and Manufacturing +Innovation + 1 + 5 + 10.1186/s40192-016-0047-2 + 2193-9772 + 2016 + Megahed, M., Mindt, H.-W., N’Dri, N., +Duan, H., & Desmaison, O. (2016). Metal additive-manufacturing +process and residual stress modeling. Integrating Materials and +Manufacturing Innovation, 5(1), 61–93. +https://doi.org/10.1186/s40192-016-0047-2 + + + A new finite element model for welding heat +sources + Goldak + Metallurgical Transactions B + 2 + 15 + 10.1007/BF02667333 + 2379-0229 + 1984 + Goldak, J., Chakravarti, A., & +Bibby, M. (1984). A new finite element model for welding heat sources. +Metallurgical Transactions B, 15(2), 299–305. +https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02667333 + + + Application of finite element, phase-field, +and CALPHAD-based methods to additive manufacturing of ni-based +superalloys + Keller + Acta Materialia + 139 + 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.05.003 + 1359-6454 + 2017 + Keller, T., Lindwall, G., Ghosh, S., +Ma, L., Lane, B. M., Zhang, F., Kattner, U. R., Lass, E. A., Heigel, J. +C., Idell, Y., Williams, M. E., Allen, A. J., Guyer, J. E., & +Levine, L. E. (2017). Application of finite element, phase-field, and +CALPHAD-based methods to additive manufacturing of ni-based superalloys. +Acta Materialia, 139, 244–253. +https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.05.003 + + + + + + diff --git a/joss.07017/10.21105.joss.07017.pdf b/joss.07017/10.21105.joss.07017.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5145ab3b6c Binary files /dev/null and b/joss.07017/10.21105.joss.07017.pdf differ diff --git a/joss.07017/paper.jats/10.21105.joss.07017.jats b/joss.07017/paper.jats/10.21105.joss.07017.jats new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d7e43c65cc --- /dev/null +++ b/joss.07017/paper.jats/10.21105.joss.07017.jats @@ -0,0 +1,718 @@ + + +
+ + + + +Journal of Open Source Software +JOSS + +2475-9066 + +Open Journals + + + +7017 +10.21105/joss.07017 + +Adamantine 1.0: A Thermomechanical Simulator for Additive +Manufacturing + + + +https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5954-6313 + +Turcksin +Bruno + + +* + + +https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-293X + +DeWitt +Stephen + + + + + +Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, +USA + + + + +* E-mail: + + +1 +7 +2024 + +9 +102 +7017 + +Authors of papers retain copyright and release the +work under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC +BY 4.0) +2022 +The article authors + +Authors of papers retain copyright and release the work under +a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY +4.0) + + + +C++ +additive manufacturing +data assimilation + + + + + + Summary +

Adamantine is a thermomechanical simulation + code that is written in C++ and built on top of deal.II + (Arndt + et al., 2023), p4est + (Burstedde + et al., 2011), ArborX + (Lebrun-Grandié + et al., 2020), Trilinos + (The + Trilinos Project Team, 2020), and Kokkos + (Trott + et al., 2022). Adamantine was developed + with additive manufacturing in mind and it is particularly well + adapted to simulate fused filament fabrication, directed energy + deposition, and powder bed fusion. Adamantine + employs the finite element method with adaptive mesh refinement to + solve a nonlinear anisotropic heat equation, enabling support for + various additive manufacturing processes. It can also perform + elastoplastic and thermoelastoplastic simulations. It can handle + materials in three distinct phases (solid, liquid, and powder) to + accurately reflect the physical state during different stages of the + manufacturing process. To enhance simulation accuracy, + adamantine incorporates data assimilation + techniques + (Asch + et al., 2016). This allows it to integrate experimental data + from sensors like thermocouples and infrared (IR) cameras. This + combined approach helps account for errors arising from input + parameters, material properties, models, and numerical calculations, + leading to more realistic simulations that reflect what occurs in a + particular print.

+ + + Statement of Need +

Manufacturing “born-qualified” components, i.e., parts ready for + critical applications straight from the printer, requires a new + approach to additive manufacturing (AM). This vision demands not only + precise simulations for planning the build but also real-time + adjustments throughout the process to obtain the desired + thermomechanical evolution of the part. Currently, setting AM process + parameters is an expert-driven, often trial-and-error process. + Material changes and geometry complexities can lead to unpredictable + adjustments in parameters, making a purely empirical approach slow and + expensive. We can overcome this by using advanced simulations for both + planning and adaptive control.

+

Adamantine, a thermomechanical simulation + tool, offers a solution to process parameter planning and adjustment + in AM. During the planning phase, its capabilities can be leveraged to + predict the thermomechanical state and optimize process parameters for + the desired outcome. For adaptive control, + adamantine utilizes data from IR cameras and + thermocouples. This data is integrated using the Ensemble Kalman + Filter (EnKF) method, allowing the simulation to constantly adapt and + reflect the actual build process.

+

With a continuously refined simulation, + adamantine can predict the final + thermomechanical state of the object with greater accuracy. This + simulation-enhanced monitoring capability enables a human operator or + an adaptive control algorithm to adjust to the build parameters + mid-print, if needed, to ensure that printed parts conform to the + necessary tolerances.

+

While other open-source software like AdditiveFOAM + (Coleman + et al., 2023) excels at heat and mass transfer simulations in + additive manufacturing, and commercial options like Abaqus + (Dassault + Systèmes Simulia Corp., 2024) and Ansys + (ANSYS + Inc., 2024) offer comprehensive thermomechanical capabilities, + adamantine stands out for its unique ability to + incorporate real-world data through data assimilation. This feature + allows for potentially more accurate simulations, leading to better + process optimization and final part quality.

+ + + Simulated Physics + + Thermal simulation +

Adamantine solves an anisotropic version + of standard continuum heat transfer model used in additive + manufacturing simulations + (Keller + et al., 2017; + Megahed + et al., 2016). The model includes the change of phases + between powder, liquid, and solid and accounts for latent heat + release for melting/solidification phase transformations. It assumes + the presence of a “mushy” zone, i.e., the liquidus and the solidus + are different, as is generally the case for alloys. The heat input + by the laser, electron beam, electric-arc, or other process-specific + heat source is introduced using a volumetric source term + (Goldak + et al., 1984; + Knapp + et al., 2023). Adiabatic, convective, and radiative boundary + conditions are implemented, with the option to combine convective + and radiative boundary conditions.

+ + + Mechanical simulation +

Adamantine can perform elastoplastic + simulations. The plastic model is the linear combination of the + isotropic and kinematic hardening described in Borja + (2013). + This allows us to model both the change in yield stress and the + Bauschinger effect.

+ + + Thermomechanical simulation +

Thermomechanical simulations in adamantine + are performed with one-way coupling from the temperature evolution + to the mechanical evolution. We neglect the effect of deformation on + the thermal simulation. An extra term in the mechanical simulation + accounts for the eigenstrain associated with by thermal expansion of + the material + (Fung + & Tong, 2001; + Megahed + et al., 2016).

+ + + + Data Assimilation +

Data assimilation “is the approximation of a true state of some + physical system at a given time by combining time-distributed + observations with a dynamic model in an optimal way” + (Asch + et al., 2016). Adamantine leverages this + technique to enhance the accuracy of simulations during and after + prints with in-situ characterization. It also ties the simulation + results to the particular events (e.g. resulting for stochastic + processes) for a specific print.

+

We have implemented a data assimilation algorithm called the + Ensemble Kalman Filter + (Asch + et al., 2016). This statistical technique incorporates + experimental observations into a simulation to provide the best + estimate (in the Bayesian sense) of the state of the system that + reflects uncertainties from both data sources. EnKF requires to + perform an ensemble of simulations with slightly different input model + parameters and/or initial conditions. The EnKF calculation and the + coordination of simulations of ensemble members are done from inside + adamantine.

+ + + Algorithmic Choices + + Time integration +

Adamantine includes several options for + time integration methods that it inherits from the deal.II library + (Arndt + et al., 2023). These are: forward Euler, 3rd order explicit + Runge-Kutta, 4th order explicit Runge-Kutta, backward Euler, + implicit midpoint, Crank-Nicolson, and singly diagonally implicit + Runge-Kutta.

+ + + Matrix-free finite element formulation +

Adamantine uses a variable-order finite + element spatial discretization with a matrix-free approach + (Kronbichler + & Kormann, 2012). This approach calculates the action of + an operator directly, rather than explicitly storing the full + (sparse) system matrix. This matrix-free approach significantly + reduces computational cost, especially for higher-degree finite + elements.

+ + + MPI support +

While mechanical and thermomechanical simulations are limited to + serial execution, thermal and EnKF ensemble simulations can use MPI. + Thermal simulations can be performed using an arbitrary number of + processors. For EnKF ensemble simulations, the partitioning scheme + works as follows:

+ + +

If the number of processors (Nproc) is less than or equal to + the number of EnKF ensemble members (N), + adamantine distributes the simulations + evenly across the processors. All processors except the first + will handle the same number of simulations. The first processor + might take on a larger workload if a perfect split is not + possible

+ + +

Adamantine can leverage more + processors than there are simulations, but only if Nproc is a + multiple of N. This ensures that all the simulations are + partitioned in the same way.

+ + +

MPI support for mechanical and thermomechanical simulations are a + subject of ongoing work.

+ + + GPU support +

Adamantine includes partial support for + GPU-accelerated calculations through the use of the Kokkos library. + The evaluation of the thermal operator can be performed on the GPU. + The heat source is computed on the CPU. The mechanical simulation is + CPU only. Performing the entire computation on the GPU is the + subject of ongoing work.

+ + + + Mesh +

Adamantine uses a purely hexahedral mesh. It + has limited internal capabilities to generate meshes. For complex + geometries, adamantine can load meshes created + by mesh generators. The following formats are supported: + unv format from the SALOME mesh generator + (SMESH) + (SMESH + Documentation, 2024), UCD, + VTK + (Schroeder + et al., 2006), Abaqus + (Dassault + Systèmes Simulia Corp., 2024) file format, DB mesh, + msh file from Gmsh + (Geuzaine + & Remacle, 2009), mphtxt format from + COMSOL + (COMSOL + AB, 2024), Tecplot + (Tecplot + Inc., 2024), assimp + (The + Asset-Importer-Lib Documentation, 2024), and ExodusII + (ExodusII + Finite Element Data Model, Version 00, 2005). The + generated mesh should be conformal. During the simulation, + adamantine can adaptively refine the mesh near + the heat source using the forest of octrees approach + (Arndt + et al., 2023; + Burstedde + et al., 2011), where each element in the initial mesh can be + refined as an octree.

+ + + Additional Information +

An in-depth discussion of the governing equations and examples + showcasing the capabilities ofadamantine can be + found at https://adamantine-sim.github.io/adamantine

+ + + Acknowledgments +

This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under + contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The + US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for + publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a + nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or + reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do + so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to + these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the + DOE Public Access Plan + (https://www.energy.gov/doe-public-access-plan).

+

This research is sponsored by the INTERSECT Initiative and the SEED + Program as part of the Laboratory Directed Research and Development + Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, + for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.

+

This research used resources of the Compute and Data Environment + for Science (CADES) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is + supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy + under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725.

+ + + + + + + + + ArndtDaniel + BangerthWolfgang + BergbauerMaximilian + FederMarco + FehlingMarc + HeinzJohannes + HeisterTimo + HeltaiLuca + KronbichlerMartin + MaierMatthias + MunchPeter + PelteretJean-Paul + TurcksinBruno + WellsDavid + ZampiniStefano + + The deal.II library, version 9.5 + Journal of Numerical Mathematics + 2023 + 31 + 3 + https://dealii.org/deal95-preprint.pdf + 10.1515/jnma-2023-0089 + 231 + 246 + + + + + + BursteddeCarsten + WilcoxLucas C. + GhattasOmar + + p4est: Scalable algorithms for parallel adaptive mesh refinement on forests of octrees + SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing + 2011 + 33 + 3 + 10.1137/100791634 + 1103 + 1133 + + + + + + Lebrun-GrandiéD. + ProkopenkoA. + TurcksinB. + SlatteryS. R. + + ArborX: A performance portable geometric search library + ACM Trans. Math. Softw. + Association for Computing Machinery + New York, NY, USA + 202012 + 47 + 1 + 0098-3500 + https://doi.org/10.1145/3412558 + 10.1145/3412558 + + + + + + The Trilinos Project Team + + The Trilinos Project Website + 2020 + + + + + + TrottChristian R. + Lebrun-GrandiéDamien + ArndtDaniel + CieskoJan + DangVinh + EllingwoodNathan + GayatriRahulkumar + HarveyEvan + HollmanDaisy S. + IbanezDan + LiberNevin + MadsenJonathan + MilesJeff + PoliakoffDavid + PowellAmy + RajamanickamSivasankaran + SimbergMikael + SunderlandDan + TurcksinBruno + WilkeJeremiah + + Kokkos 3: Programming model extensions for the exascale era + IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems + 2022 + 33 + 4 + 10.1109/TPDS.2021.3097283 + 805 + 817 + + + + + + AschMark + BocquetMarc + NodetMaëlle + + Data assimilation + Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics + Philadelphia, PA + 2016 + + https://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/1.9781611974546 + 10.1137/1.9781611974546 + + + + + + KronbichlerMarting + KormannKatharina + + A generic interface for parallel cell-based finite element operator application + Computers & Fluids + 2012 + 63 + 10.1016/j.compfluid.2012.04.012 + 135 + 147 + + + + + + BorjaRonaldo I. + + Plasticity: Modeling & computation + Springer Berlin, Heidelberg + 2013 + 10.1007/978-3-642-38547-6 + + + + + + FungYuan-cheng + TongPin + + Classical and computational solid mechanics + World Scientific + 2001 + + + + + + ColemanJohn + KincaidKellis + KnappGerald L. + StumpBenjamin + PlotkowskiAlexander J. + + AdditiveFOAM: Release 1.0 + Zenodo + 2023 + https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8034098 + 10.5281/zenodo.8034098 + + + + + + Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp. + + Abaqus documentation + Dassault Systèmes + Providence, RI, USA + 2024 + https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/abaqus/ + + + + + + ANSYS Inc. + + ANSYS documentation + ANSYS Inc. + Canonsburg, PA, USA + 2024 + https://www.ansys.com/products/structures/ansys-mechanical + + + + + + GeuzaineChristophe + RemacleJean-François + + Gmsh: A 3-d finite element mesh generator with built-in pre- and post-processing facilities + International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering + 2009 + 79 + 11 + https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nme.2579 + 10.1002/nme.2579 + 1309 + 1331 + + + + + + COMSOL AB + + COMSOL multiphysics v6.2 + 2024 + https://www.comsol.com + + + + + SMESH documentation + 2024 + https://docs.salome-platform.org/latest/gui/SMESH/index.html + + + + + ExodusII finite element data model, version 00 + 200505 + https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1230926 + + + + + + Tecplot Inc. + + Tecplot documentation + 2024 + https://tecplot.azureedge.net/products/360/current/360-users-manual.pdf + + + + + The asset-importer-lib documentation + 2024 + https://assimp-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ + + + + + + SchroederWill + MartinKen + LorensenBill + + The visualization toolkit (4th ed.) + Kitware + 2006 + 978-1-930934-19-1 + + + + + + KnappG. L. + ColemanJ. + RolchigoM. + StoyanovM. + PlotkowskiA. + + Calibrating uncertain parameters in melt pool simulations of additive manufacturing + Computational Materials Science + 2023 + 218 + 0927-0256 + https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927025622006152 + 10.1016/j.commatsci.2022.111904 + 111904 + + + + + + + MegahedMustafa + MindtHans-Wilfried + N’DriNarcisse + DuanHongzhi + DesmaisonOlivier + + Metal additive-manufacturing process and residual stress modeling + Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation + 2016 + 5 + 1 + 2193-9772 + https://doi.org/10.1186/s40192-016-0047-2 + 10.1186/s40192-016-0047-2 + 61 + 93 + + + + + + GoldakJohn + ChakravartiAditya + BibbyMalcolm + + A new finite element model for welding heat sources + Metallurgical Transactions B + 1984 + 15 + 2 + 2379-0229 + https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02667333 + 10.1007/BF02667333 + 299 + 305 + + + + + + KellerTrevor + LindwallGreta + GhoshSupriyo + MaLi + LaneBrandon M. + ZhangFan + KattnerUrsula R. + LassEric A. + HeigelJarred C. + IdellYaakov + WilliamsMaureen E. + AllenAndrew J. + GuyerJonathan E. + LevineLyle E. + + Application of finite element, phase-field, and CALPHAD-based methods to additive manufacturing of ni-based superalloys + Acta Materialia + 2017 + 139 + 1359-6454 + https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645417303804 + 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.05.003 + 244 + 253 + + + + +