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@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+
+
+
+ 20241217083246-dee07d7649bec92603cda195631ac3575ef9e248
+ 20241217083246
+
+ JOSS Admin
+ admin@theoj.org
+
+ The Open Journal
+
+
+
+
+ Journal of Open Source Software
+ JOSS
+ 2475-9066
+
+ 10.21105/joss
+ https://joss.theoj.org
+
+
+
+
+ 12
+ 2024
+
+
+ 9
+
+ 104
+
+
+
+ RNMC: kinetic Monte Carlo implementations for complex reaction networks
+
+
+
+ Laura
+ Zichi
+
+ Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America 94720
+ Department of Physics, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America 48109
+
+ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3897-3097
+
+
+ Daniel
+ Barter
+
+ Energy Storage and Distributed Resources, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA United States of America 94720
+
+ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-1255
+
+
+ Eric
+ Sivonxay
+
+ Energy Storage and Distributed Resources, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA United States of America 94720
+
+ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-1255
+
+
+ Evan Walter Clark
+ Spotte-Smith
+
+ Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America 94720
+ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California - Berkeley, CA, United States of America 94720
+
+ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-197X
+
+
+ Rohith Srinivaas
+ Mohanakrishnan
+
+ Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America 94720
+ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California - Berkeley, CA, United States of America 94720
+
+
+
+ Emory M.
+ Chan
+
+ Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America 94720
+
+
+
+ Kristin Aslaug
+ Persson
+
+ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California - Berkeley, CA, United States of America 94720
+ Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America 94720
+
+
+
+ Samuel M.
+ Blau
+
+ Energy Storage and Distributed Resources, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA United States of America 94720
+
+
+
+
+ 12
+ 17
+ 2024
+
+
+ 7244
+
+
+ 10.21105/joss.07244
+
+
+ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
+ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
+ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
+
+
+
+ Software archive
+ 10.5281/zenodo.14360064
+
+
+ GitHub review issue
+ https://github.com/openjournals/joss-reviews/issues/7244
+
+
+
+ 10.21105/joss.07244
+ https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.07244
+
+
+ https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.07244.pdf
+
+
+
+
+
+ On the theory of electron-transfer reactions. VI. Unified treatment for homogeneous and electrode reactions
+ Marcus
+ The Journal of Chemical Physics
+ 2
+ 43
+ 10.1063/1.1696792
+ 1965
+ Marcus, R. A. (1965). On the theory of electron-transfer reactions. VI. Unified treatment for homogeneous and electrode reactions. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 43(2), 679–701. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1696792
+
+
+ Exact stochastic simulation of coupled chemical reactions
+ Gillespie
+ The Journal of Physical Chemistry
+ 25
+ 81
+ 1977
+ Gillespie, D. T. (1977). Exact stochastic simulation of coupled chemical reactions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 81(25), 2340–2361.
+
+
+ Crossing the mesoscale no-mans land via parallel kinetic monte carlo
+ Garcia Cardona
+ 2009
+ Garcia Cardona, C., Wagner, G. J., Tikare, V., Holm, E. A., Plimpton, S. J., Thompson, A. P., Slepoy, A., Zhou, X. W., Battaile, C. C., & Chandross, M. E. (2009). Crossing the mesoscale no-mans land via parallel kinetic monte carlo. Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), Albuquerque, NM,; Livermore, CA.
+
+
+ Kmos: A lattice kinetic monte carlo framework
+ Hoffmann
+ Computer Physics Communications
+ 7
+ 185
+ 10.1016/j.cpc.2014.04.003
+ 2014
+ Hoffmann, M. J., Matera, S., & Reuter, K. (2014). Kmos: A lattice kinetic monte carlo framework. Computer Physics Communications, 185(7), 2138–2150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2014.04.003
+
+
+ Electrochemical systems
+ Newman
+ 2021
+ Newman, J., & Balsara, N. P. (2021). Electrochemical systems. John Wiley & Sons.
+
+
+ Toward a mechanistic model of solid–electrolyte interphase formation and evolution in lithium-ion batteries
+ Spotte-Smith
+ ACS Energy Letters
+ 4
+ 7
+ 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00517
+ 2022
+ Spotte-Smith, E. W. C., Kam, R. L., Barter, D., Xie, X., Hou, T., Dwaraknath, S., Blau, S. M., & Persson, K. A. (2022). Toward a mechanistic model of solid–electrolyte interphase formation and evolution in lithium-ion batteries. ACS Energy Letters, 7(4), 1446–1453. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00517
+
+
+ Predictive stochastic analysis of massive filter-based electrochemical reaction networks
+ Barter
+ Digital Discovery
+ 1
+ 2
+ 10.1039/D2DD00117A
+ 2023
+ Barter, D., Spotte-Smith, E. W. C., Redkar, N. S., Khanwale, A., Dwaraknath, S., Persson, K. A., & Blau, S. M. (2023). Predictive stochastic analysis of massive filter-based electrochemical reaction networks. Digital Discovery, 2(1), 123–137. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2DD00117A
+
+
+ Chemical reaction networks explain gas evolution mechanisms in Mg-ion batteries
+ Spotte-Smith
+ Journal of the American Chemical Society
+ 22
+ 145
+ 10.1021/jacs.3c02222
+ 2023
+ Spotte-Smith, E. W. C., Blau, S. M., Barter, D., Leon, N. J., Hahn, N. T., Redkar, N. S., Zavadil, K. R., Liao, C., & Persson, K. A. (2023). Chemical reaction networks explain gas evolution mechanisms in Mg-ion batteries. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 145(22), 12181–12192. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c02222
+
+
+ Accelerating the design of multishell upconverting nanoparticles through bayesian optimization
+ Xia
+ Nano Letters
+ 23
+ 23
+ 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03568
+ 2023
+ Xia, X., Sivonxay, E., Helms, B. A., Blau, S. M., & Chan, E. M. (2023). Accelerating the design of multishell upconverting nanoparticles through bayesian optimization. Nano Letters, 23(23), 11129–11136. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03568
+
+
+ Combinatorial approaches for developing upconverting nanomaterials: High-throughput screening, modeling, and applications
+ Chan
+ Chemical Society Reviews
+ 6
+ 44
+ 10.1039/C4CS00205A
+ 2015
+ Chan, E. M. (2015). Combinatorial approaches for developing upconverting nanomaterials: High-throughput screening, modeling, and applications. Chemical Society Reviews, 44(6), 1653–1679. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CS00205A
+
+
+ A generalized approach to photon avalanche upconversion in luminescent nanocrystals
+ Skripka
+ Nano Letters
+ 15
+ 23
+ 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01955
+ 2023
+ Skripka, A., Lee, M., Qi, X., Pan, J.-A., Yang, H., Lee, C., Schuck, P. J., Cohen, B. E., Jaque, D., & Chan, E. M. (2023). A generalized approach to photon avalanche upconversion in luminescent nanocrystals. Nano Letters, 23(15), 7100–7106. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01955
+
+
+ Energy transfer networks within upconverting nanoparticles are complex systems with collective, robust, and history-dependent dynamics
+ Teitelboim
+ The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
+ 4
+ 123
+ 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00161
+ 2019
+ Teitelboim, A., Tian, B., Garfield, D. J., Fernandez-Bravo, A., Gotlin, A. C., Schuck, P. J., Cohen, B. E., & Chan, E. M. (2019). Energy transfer networks within upconverting nanoparticles are complex systems with collective, robust, and history-dependent dynamics. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 123(4), 2678–2689. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00161
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Journal of Open Source Software
+JOSS
+
+2475-9066
+
+Open Journals
+
+
+
+7244
+10.21105/joss.07244
+
+RNMC: kinetic Monte Carlo implementations for complex
+reaction networks
+
+
+
+https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3897-3097
+
+Zichi
+Laura
+
+
+
+
+
+https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-1255
+
+Barter
+Daniel
+
+
+
+
+https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-1255
+
+Sivonxay
+Eric
+
+
+
+
+https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-197X
+
+Spotte-Smith
+Evan Walter Clark
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Mohanakrishnan
+Rohith Srinivaas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Chan
+Emory M.
+
+
+
+
+
+Persson
+Kristin Aslaug
+
+
+
+*
+
+
+
+Blau
+Samuel M.
+
+
+*
+
+
+
+Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
+Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America 94720
+
+
+
+
+Department of Physics, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor,
+Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America 48109
+
+
+
+
+Energy Storage and Distributed Resources, Lawrence Berkeley
+National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA United States of America
+94720
+
+
+
+
+Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University
+of California - Berkeley, CA, United States of America
+94720
+
+
+
+
+Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
+Berkeley, CA, United States of America 94720
+
+
+
+
+* E-mail:
+* E-mail:
+
+
+14
+8
+2024
+
+9
+104
+7244
+
+Authors of papers retain copyright and release the
+work under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC
+BY 4.0)
+2024
+The article authors
+
+Authors of papers retain copyright and release the work under
+a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY
+4.0)
+
+
+
+C++
+chemical dynamics
+kinetic Monte Carlo
+nanoparticle
+electrochemistry
+Gillespie
+
+
+
+
+
+ Summary
+
Macroscopic chemical and physical phenomena are driven by
+ microscopic interactions at the atomic and molecular scales. In order
+ to capture complex processes with high fidelity, simulation methods
+ that bridge disparate time and length scales are needed. While
+ techniques like molecular dynamics and ab initio
+ simulations capture dynamics and reactivity at high resolution, they
+ cannot be used beyond relatively small length (hundreds to thousands
+ of atoms) and time scales (picoseconds to microseconds). Kinetic Monte
+ Carlo (kMC) approaches overcome these limitations to bridge length and
+ time scales across several orders of magnitude while retaining
+ relevant microscopic resolution, making it a powerful and flexible
+ tool.
+
Here, we present Reaction Network Monte Carlo
+ (RNMC), an easy-to-use, modular,
+ high-performance kMC simulation framework that enables modeling of
+ complex systems. RNMC consists of a core module
+ defining the common features of kMC algorithms, including an
+ implementation of the Gillespie algorithm
+ (Gillespie,
+ 1977), input/output operations leveraging SQLite databases,
+ random number sampling, threading logic for parallel execution, and
+ dependency graphs for efficient event propensity updates. In addition,
+ there are currently three modules defining kMC implementations for
+ different types of applications. The GMC
+ (Gillespie Monte Carlo) module enables simulations of reaction
+ networks in a homogeneous (well-mixed) environment.
+ GMC is a basic tool that is appropriate for
+ general simulations of solution-phase chemistry. The
+ NPMC (NanoParticle Monte Carlo) module enables
+ simulation of dynamics in nanoparticles with 3D statistical field
+ theory and supports one- and two-site interactions. Finally, the
+ LGMC (Lattice Gillespie Monte Carlo) module is
+ designed for simulations of multi-phase systems (especially at
+ solid-fluid interfaces) where chemical and electrochemical reactions
+ can occur between a lattice region and a homogeneous region. We have
+ designed RNMC to be easily extensible, enabling
+ users to add additional kMC modules for other diverse chemical and
+ physical systems.
+
+
+ Statement of need
+
There are many existing kMC implementations, including several open
+ source examples (e.g. the Stochastic Parallel PARticle Kinetic
+ Simulator or SPPARKS
+ (Garcia
+ Cardona et al., 2009) and kmos
+ (Hoffmann
+ et al., 2014)). RNMC began as a fork of
+ SPPARKS but differs in several important ways. First, because
+ RNMC uses the widely supported SQLite database
+ engine for simulation inputs and outputs, it facilitates the
+ automation of simulations. Second, RNMC has a
+ focus on modularity. All simulators leverage the small core library,
+ which serves as a common interface through the use of templating. As
+ long as they can operate through this shared core, different
+ simulation implementations are totally independent. This means that
+ new developers need only read and understand the core library to be
+ able to add new capabilities to RNMC, lowering
+ the barrier to entry, and further reduces the likelihood that new
+ additions will adversely affect pre-existing code.
+
The simulation modules already implemented in
+ RNMC provide unique capabilities that are not
+ widely available in other open source codes.
+ NPMC is specifically designed for 3D
+ simulations of the complex photophysical interaction networks in
+ nanocrystals
+ (Teitelboim
+ et al., 2019), particularly multi-domain heterostructures whose
+ optical properties cannot be calculated deterministically
+ (Skripka
+ et al., 2023). NPMC can be used to
+ simulate energy transfer interactions between dopants in
+ nanoparticles, their radiative transitions, and nonlinear processes
+ such as upconversion
+ (Chan,
+ 2015) and photon avalanching
+ (Skripka
+ et al., 2023). LGMC is also somewhat
+ unique in that it can simulate multi-phase systems and electrochemical
+ processes. Simulations using LGMC can include a
+ lattice region and a homogeneous solution region which can interact
+ via interfacial reactions. Electrochemical reactions
+ can be treated using Marcus theory
+ (Marcus,
+ 1965) or Butler-Volmer kinetics
+ (Newman
+ & Balsara, 2021). Because it allows for a dynamic lattice
+ region, LGMC is also appropriate for
+ simulations of nucleation and growth, dissolution, precipitation, and
+ related phenomena.
+
We have already used the GMC module in a
+ number of prior works in applications related to Li-ion and Mg-ion
+ batteries
+ (Barter
+ et al., 2023;
+ Spotte-Smith
+ et al., 2022,
+ 2023).
+ We note that these simulations included tens of millions of reactions,
+ demonstrating that RNMC is able to scale to
+ large and complex reaction networks. In addition, we have used
+ NPMC to perform Bayesian optimization of
+ upconverting nanoparticles
+ (Xia
+ et al., 2023).
+
+
+ Acknowledgements
+
This project was intellectually led by the Laboratory Directed
+ Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National
+ Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy Contract
+ No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. L.Z. was supported in part by the U.S.
+ Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Workforce
+ Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS) under the Science
+ Undergraduate Laboratory Internships Program (SULI). E.W.C.S.-S. was
+ supported by the Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute Philomathia
+ Graduate Student Fellowship. Work at the Molecular Foundry (E.M.C.,
+ K.A.P) was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
+ Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
+ No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Additional support came from the Joint Center
+ for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub funded
+ by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy
+ Sciences. This code was developed and tested using computational
+ resources provided by the National Energy Research Scientific
+ Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of
+ Science User Facility under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, the Eagle
+ and Swift HPC systems at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory
+ (NREL), and the Lawrencium HPC cluster at Lawrence Berkeley National
+ Laboratory.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MarcusRudolph A
+
+ On the theory of electron-transfer reactions. VI. Unified treatment for homogeneous and electrode reactions
+
+ American Institute of Physics
+ 1965
+ 43
+ 2
+ 10.1063/1.1696792
+ 679
+ 701
+
+
+
+
+
+ GillespieDaniel T
+
+ Exact stochastic simulation of coupled chemical reactions
+
+ ACS Publications
+ 1977
+ 81
+ 25
+ 2340
+ 2361
+
+
+
+
+
+ Garcia CardonaCristina
+ WagnerGregory John
+ TikareVeena
+ HolmElizabeth Ann
+ PlimptonSteven James
+ ThompsonAidan Patrick
+ SlepoyAlexander
+ ZhouXiao Wang
+ BattaileCorbett Chandler
+ ChandrossMichael Evan
+
+ Crossing the mesoscale no-mans land via parallel kinetic monte carlo
+ Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), Albuquerque, NM,; Livermore, CA
+ 2009
+
+
+
+
+
+ HoffmannMax J
+ MateraSebastian
+ ReuterKarsten
+
+ Kmos: A lattice kinetic monte carlo framework
+
+ Elsevier
+ 2014
+ 185
+ 7
+ 10.1016/j.cpc.2014.04.003
+ 2138
+ 2150
+
+
+
+
+
+ NewmanJohn
+ BalsaraNitash P
+
+
+ John Wiley & Sons
+ 2021
+
+
+
+
+
+ Spotte-SmithEvan Walter Clark
+ KamRonald L
+ BarterDaniel
+ XieXiaowei
+ HouTingzheng
+ DwaraknathShyam
+ BlauSamuel M
+ PerssonKristin A
+
+ Toward a mechanistic model of solid–electrolyte interphase formation and evolution in lithium-ion batteries
+
+ ACS Publications
+ 2022
+ 7
+ 4
+ 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00517
+ 1446
+ 1453
+
+
+
+
+
+ BarterDaniel
+ Spotte-SmithEvan Walter Clark
+ RedkarNikita S
+ KhanwaleAniruddh
+ DwaraknathShyam
+ PerssonKristin A
+ BlauSamuel M
+
+ Predictive stochastic analysis of massive filter-based electrochemical reaction networks
+
+ Royal Society of Chemistry
+ 2023
+ 2
+ 1
+ 10.1039/D2DD00117A
+ 123
+ 137
+
+
+
+
+
+ Spotte-SmithEvan Walter Clark
+ BlauSamuel M
+ BarterDaniel
+ LeonNoel J
+ HahnNathan T
+ RedkarNikita S
+ ZavadilKevin R
+ LiaoChen
+ PerssonKristin A
+
+ Chemical reaction networks explain gas evolution mechanisms in Mg-ion batteries
+
+ ACS Publications
+ 2023
+ 145
+ 22
+ 10.1021/jacs.3c02222
+ 12181
+ 12192
+
+
+
+
+
+ XiaXiaojing
+ SivonxayEric
+ HelmsBrett A
+ BlauSamuel M
+ ChanEmory M
+
+ Accelerating the design of multishell upconverting nanoparticles through bayesian optimization
+
+ ACS Publications
+ 2023
+ 23
+ 23
+ 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03568
+ 11129
+ 11136
+
+
+
+
+
+ ChanEmory M
+
+ Combinatorial approaches for developing upconverting nanomaterials: High-throughput screening, modeling, and applications
+
+ Royal Society of Chemistry
+ 2015
+ 44
+ 6
+ 10.1039/C4CS00205A
+ 1653
+ 1679
+
+
+
+
+
+ SkripkaArtiom
+ LeeMinji
+ QiXiao
+ PanJia-Ahn
+ YangHaoran
+ LeeChanghwan
+ SchuckP. James
+ CohenBruce E.
+ JaqueDaniel
+ ChanEmory M.
+
+ A generalized approach to photon avalanche upconversion in luminescent nanocrystals
+
+ 2023
+ 23
+ 15
+ 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01955
+ 7100
+ 7106
+
+
+
+
+
+ TeitelboimAyelet
+ TianBining
+ GarfieldDavid J
+ Fernandez-BravoAngel
+ GotlinAdam C
+ SchuckP James
+ CohenBruce E
+ ChanEmory M
+
+ Energy transfer networks within upconverting nanoparticles are complex systems with collective, robust, and history-dependent dynamics
+
+ ACS Publications
+ 2019
+ 123
+ 4
+ 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00161
+ 2678
+ 2689
+
+
+
+
+