From 2e65741ea599b71c68f0c44d189d1996bcbd7797 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: The Open Journals editorial robot <89919391+editorialbot@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 29 May 2024 20:56:32 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Creating 10.21105.joss.05855.jats --- .../paper.jats/10.21105.joss.05855.jats | 336 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 336 insertions(+) create mode 100644 joss.05855/paper.jats/10.21105.joss.05855.jats diff --git a/joss.05855/paper.jats/10.21105.joss.05855.jats b/joss.05855/paper.jats/10.21105.joss.05855.jats new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..894aca4015 --- /dev/null +++ b/joss.05855/paper.jats/10.21105.joss.05855.jats @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ + + +
+ + + + +Journal of Open Source Software +JOSS + +2475-9066 + +Open Journals + + + +5855 +10.21105/joss.05855 + +Tethys: A Spatiotemporal Downscaling Model for Global +Water Demand + + + +https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-0043 + +Thompson +Isaac + + + + +https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-6214 + +Vernon +Chris R. + + +* + + +https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8147-8553 + +Khan +Zarrar + + + + + +Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest +National Laboratory, College Park, MD., USA + + + + +Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA., +USA + + + + +* E-mail: + + +16 +5 +2023 + +9 +97 +5855 + +Authors of papers retain copyright and release the +work under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC +BY 4.0) +2022 +The article authors + +Authors of papers retain copyright and release the work under +a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY +4.0) + + + +Python +water demand +downscaling + + + + + + Summary +

Humans use water for many important tasks, such as drinking, + growing food, and cooling power plants. Since future water demands + depend on complex global interactions between economic sectors (e.g., + demand for wheat in one country causing demand for water to grow that + wheat in another country), it is often modeled at coarse spatial and + temporal scales as part of models that account for complex, + multi-sector system dynamics. However, models that project future + water availability typically simulate physical processes at much finer + scales. Tethys enables integration between + these kinds of models by downscaling region-scale water demand + projections using sector-specific proxies and formulas.

+ + + Statement of Need +

Global hydrological models often require gridded water demand data + to represent the location and timing of flows for human consumption, + but historical inventories of water use are often only available per + country at annual or larger intervals + (Huang + et al., 2018). In order to model future global economic + linkages in detail, multi-sector models (e.g., the Global Change + Analysis Model + (Binsted + et al., 2022; + Calvin + et al., 2019)) also operate at these coarser spatial and + temporal scales. This gap in scale makes downscaling water demands a + common need.

+

The distribution of water demands depends on the location and + timing of activities that use water, so the usual approach is to use + relevant gridded datasets as spatial proxies for each water demand + sector (e.g., assume that irrigation water demand is proportional to + irrigated land area), then further allocate annual water demands among + months according to formulas that capture seasonal variations + (Voisin + et al., 2013). This is typically accomplished with scripts + designed for specific model-integration workflows, but different + models and proxy datasets can have different breakdowns of water + demand sectors, limiting reuse of such scripts.

+

Building on previous versions + (Li et + al., 2018), Tethys now generalizes this + downscaling process to provide a convenient and flexible interface for + configuring proxy rules, as well as specifying target output + resolution, allowing researchers to easily generate finely gridded + water demand data that are consistent with coarser scale inventories + or simulations. Tethys has been used in + scientific publications such as Khan et al. + (2023), + which downscaled water demand from an ensemble of 75 socioeconomic and + climate scenarios.

+ + + Key Functionality +

Tethys consists of 2 stages: spatial + downscaling ([fig:1]) and + (optionally) temporal downscaling. First, sectoral water demands by + region are disaggregated to water demand by grid cell in proportion to + appropriate spatial proxies, i.e.,

+

+ + demandcell=demandregion×proxycellproxyregion.

+

Then, temporal downscaling follows sector-specific formulas from + the literature, which determine the fraction of a year’s water demand + to allocate to each month based on relationships between monthly water + demand and other monthly variables. See the + documentation + for more details and example usage.

+ +

Before and after spatial downscaling. +

+ + + + + Acknowledgements +

This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, + Office of Science, as part of research in MultiSector Dynamics, Earth + and Environmental System Modeling Program. The Pacific Northwest + National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute + under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The views and opinions expressed in + this paper are those of the authors alone.

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