Improve Noise and Data Processing Whitepapers

[ctcovington]

The Noise and Data Processing whitepapers fell by the wayside recently and are not in the best shape. They are also occasionally out-of-date in terms of describing what the library is doing (mostly in small ways). I'm working on improving them now on the cc_edit_whitepapers branch and expect them to look substantially different when I'm done. As this progresses, there may be accompanying changes to the core library that are reflected in other branches. I'll try to note those here as they occur.

My primary goals are as follows:

• Clarify and explain some of the novel elements in the library (these will mostly fall under data processing).

• Create pseudocode versions of as many of the core library elements as possible.

• More clearly explain known issues (e.g. attacks on floating-point arithmetic) and how and to what extent we plan to address them.