diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 1fed4e5904..35b3d94f1d 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ For experimental package changes, see the [experimental CHANGELOG](experimental/
 
 ### :rocket: (Enhancement)
 
+* feat(sdk-metrics): allow single bucket histograms [#4456](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js/pull/4456) @pichlermarc
 * feat(instrumentation): Make `init()` method public [#4418](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js/pull/4418)
 
 ### :bug: (Bug Fix)
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@ For experimental package changes, see the [experimental CHANGELOG](experimental/
 * fix(sdk-metrics): handle zero bucket counts in exponential histogram merge [#4459](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js/pull/4459) @mwear
 * fix(sdk-metrics): ignore `NaN` value recordings in Histograms [#4455](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js/pull/4455) @pichlermarc
   * fixes a bug where recording `NaN` on a histogram would result in the sum of bucket count values not matching the overall count
+* fix(sdk-metrics): allow single bucket histograms [#4456](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js/pull/4456) @pichlermarc
+  * fixes a bug where `Meter.createHistogram()` with the advice `explicitBucketBoundaries: []` would throw
 
 ### :books: (Refine Doc)
 
diff --git a/packages/sdk-metrics/src/view/Aggregation.ts b/packages/sdk-metrics/src/view/Aggregation.ts
index 6edf50c495..2f74063ca2 100644
--- a/packages/sdk-metrics/src/view/Aggregation.ts
+++ b/packages/sdk-metrics/src/view/Aggregation.ts
@@ -130,8 +130,10 @@ export class ExplicitBucketHistogramAggregation extends Aggregation {
     private readonly _recordMinMax = true
   ) {
     super();
-    if (boundaries === undefined || boundaries.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error('HistogramAggregator should be created with boundaries.');
+    if (boundaries == null) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'ExplicitBucketHistogramAggregation should be created with explicit boundaries, if a single bucket histogram is required, please pass an empty array'
+      );
     }
     // Copy the boundaries array for modification.
     boundaries = boundaries.concat();
diff --git a/packages/sdk-metrics/test/Instruments.test.ts b/packages/sdk-metrics/test/Instruments.test.ts
index 4b35451831..71c69913a3 100644
--- a/packages/sdk-metrics/test/Instruments.test.ts
+++ b/packages/sdk-metrics/test/Instruments.test.ts
@@ -407,6 +407,20 @@ describe('Instruments', () => {
       });
     });
 
+    it('should allow metric advice with empty explicit boundaries', function () {
+      const meter = new MeterProvider({
+        readers: [new TestMetricReader()],
+      }).getMeter('meter');
+
+      assert.doesNotThrow(() => {
+        meter.createHistogram('histogram', {
+          advice: {
+            explicitBucketBoundaries: [],
+          },
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
     it('should collect min and max', async () => {
       const { meter, deltaReader, cumulativeReader } = setup();
       const histogram = meter.createHistogram('test', {
diff --git a/packages/sdk-metrics/test/aggregator/Histogram.test.ts b/packages/sdk-metrics/test/aggregator/Histogram.test.ts
index b0daeac402..894e30e4af 100644
--- a/packages/sdk-metrics/test/aggregator/Histogram.test.ts
+++ b/packages/sdk-metrics/test/aggregator/Histogram.test.ts
@@ -81,6 +81,30 @@ describe('HistogramAggregator', () => {
         sum: -65,
       });
     });
+
+    it('with single bucket', function () {
+      const aggregator = new HistogramAggregator([], true);
+      const prev = aggregator.createAccumulation([0, 0]);
+      prev.record(0);
+      prev.record(1);
+
+      const delta = aggregator.createAccumulation([1, 1]);
+      delta.record(2);
+      delta.record(11);
+
+      const expected = new HistogramAccumulation([0, 0], [], true, {
+        buckets: {
+          boundaries: [],
+          counts: [4],
+        },
+        count: 4,
+        sum: 14,
+        hasMinMax: true,
+        min: 0,
+        max: 11,
+      });
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(aggregator.merge(prev, delta), expected);
+    });
   });
 
   describe('diff', () => {
@@ -112,6 +136,35 @@ describe('HistogramAggregator', () => {
 
       assert.deepStrictEqual(aggregator.diff(prev, curr), expected);
     });
+
+    it('with single bucket', function () {
+      const aggregator = new HistogramAggregator([], true);
+      const prev = aggregator.createAccumulation([0, 0]);
+      prev.record(0);
+      prev.record(1);
+
+      const curr = aggregator.createAccumulation([1, 1]);
+      // replay actions on prev
+      curr.record(0);
+      curr.record(1);
+      // perform new actions
+      curr.record(2);
+      curr.record(11);
+
+      const expected = new HistogramAccumulation([1, 1], [], true, {
+        buckets: {
+          boundaries: [],
+          counts: [2],
+        },
+        count: 2,
+        sum: 13,
+        hasMinMax: false,
+        min: Infinity,
+        max: -Infinity,
+      });
+
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(aggregator.diff(prev, curr), expected);
+    });
   });
 
   describe('toMetricData', () => {
@@ -199,6 +252,48 @@ describe('HistogramAggregator', () => {
       );
     });
 
+    it('should transform to expected data with empty boundaries', () => {
+      const aggregator = new HistogramAggregator([], false);
+
+      const startTime: HrTime = [0, 0];
+      const endTime: HrTime = [1, 1];
+      const accumulation = aggregator.createAccumulation(startTime);
+      accumulation.record(0);
+      accumulation.record(1);
+
+      const expected: MetricData = {
+        descriptor: defaultInstrumentDescriptor,
+        aggregationTemporality: AggregationTemporality.CUMULATIVE,
+        dataPointType: DataPointType.HISTOGRAM,
+        dataPoints: [
+          {
+            attributes: {},
+            startTime,
+            endTime,
+            value: {
+              buckets: {
+                boundaries: [],
+                counts: [2],
+              },
+              count: 2,
+              sum: 1,
+              min: undefined,
+              max: undefined,
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(
+        aggregator.toMetricData(
+          defaultInstrumentDescriptor,
+          AggregationTemporality.CUMULATIVE,
+          [[{}, accumulation]],
+          endTime
+        ),
+        expected
+      );
+    });
+
     function testSum(instrumentType: InstrumentType, expectSum: boolean) {
       const aggregator = new HistogramAggregator([1, 10, 100], true);
 
diff --git a/packages/sdk-metrics/test/view/Aggregation.test.ts b/packages/sdk-metrics/test/view/Aggregation.test.ts
index 0da2c09bee..51595aa590 100644
--- a/packages/sdk-metrics/test/view/Aggregation.test.ts
+++ b/packages/sdk-metrics/test/view/Aggregation.test.ts
@@ -158,6 +158,25 @@ describe('ExplicitBucketHistogramAggregation', () => {
     }
   });
 
+  it('construct with empty boundaries', function () {
+    const boundaries: number[] = [];
+    const aggregation = new ExplicitBucketHistogramAggregation(boundaries);
+    assert.ok(aggregation instanceof ExplicitBucketHistogramAggregation);
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(aggregation['_boundaries'], []);
+  });
+
+  it('construct with undefined boundaries should throw', function () {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment
+    // @ts-ignore simulate how a JS user could pass undefined
+    assert.throws(() => new ExplicitBucketHistogramAggregation(undefined));
+  });
+
+  it('construct with null boundaries should throw', function () {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment
+    // @ts-ignore simulate how a JS user could pass null
+    assert.throws(() => new ExplicitBucketHistogramAggregation(null));
+  });
+
   it('constructor should not modify inputs', () => {
     const boundaries = [100, 10, 1];
     const aggregation = new ExplicitBucketHistogramAggregation(boundaries);