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cheatsheet-vrrp.sla
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cheatsheet-vrrp.sla
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<ITEXT CH="What is VRRP"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="The Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol allows redundant (failover) network topologies. Conceived with routers in mind, VRRP handles machines taking responsibility of IP addresses according to a ruleset."/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="PHYSICAL"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH=" Machine member of a Virtual Router "/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="VIRTUAL"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Shared IP pool and responsibility ruleset"/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="MASTER "/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="PHYSICAL responsible now for VIRTUAL "/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="BACKUP"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="PHYSICAL ready to be responsible for VIRTUAL "/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="VRRP uses multicast"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="VRRP uses Multicast addressing at level 2 (MAC) and level 4 (IP) levels."/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="It implies that PHYSICAL are connected to the same LAN."/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="Only MASTER emit messages, BACKUPS are silent by default. "/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="VRRP Priorities"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="Routers have a priority of between 1-255 and the router with the highest priority will become the master. A difference of at least 50 should be established for a PHYSICAL expected to be MASTER by default."/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="0"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Special: When MASTER stops participating"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="100 "/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Default priority for backups "/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="255 "/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Default priority for a master"/>
<para/>
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<ITEXT CH="VRRP Packets v3 (IPv4 & IPv6 )"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" 0 1 2 3"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" | IPv4 Fields or IPv6 Fields |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" ... ..."/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" | |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" |Version| Type | Virtual Rtr ID| Priority |Count IPvX Addr|"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" |(rsvd) | Max Adver Int | Checksum |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" | |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" + +"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" | IPvX Address(es) |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" + +"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" + +"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" + +"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" + +"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" | |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" + +"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" | |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Version"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="3 "/>
<para PARENT="notes (tight)"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Type"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="1 / ADVERTISEMENT"/>
<para PARENT="notes (tight)"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Virtual Rtr ID "/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Virtual router for this packet "/>
<para PARENT="notes (tight)"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Priority"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Router's priority "/>
<para PARENT="notes (tight)"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Count IPvX AddrS"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Number of addresses in advertisement"/>
<para PARENT="notes (tight)"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Max Advertisment Interval "/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Max. time between advertisements "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="IPvX Address(es)"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="1+ IP address "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
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<ITEXT CH="Keepalived & VRRP configuration"/>
<para PARENT="h1"/>
<ITEXT CH="Use keepalived VRRP as a failover solution for routers and servers."/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="keepalived.conf"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="global_defs {"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" notification_email {"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" [email protected]"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" }"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" notification_email_from [email protected]"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" smtp_server 192.0.2.1"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" smtp_connect_timeout 30"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="}"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="vrrp_sync_group VG_1 {"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" group {"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" VI_INT_1 "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" VI_EXT_1 "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" }"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" smtp_alert"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="}"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="vrrp_instance VI_INT_1 {"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" state MASTER"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" interface eth0"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" virtual_router_id 1"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" priority 150"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" advert_int 5"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" virtual_ipaddress {"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" 192.0.2.23/24 dev eth0 "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" }"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="}"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="Main Blocks"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="global_defs {}"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="General parameters"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="static_ipaddress"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CH="{}"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="General static ip addresses"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="static_routes {}"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="General static ip routes"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="vrrp_sync_group <s> {}"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Single group of instances"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="vrrp_instance <s> {}"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Single instance"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="Directives (general)"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="router_id <s>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Unique ID of the instance "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="smtp_server <n>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="IP Address"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="smtp_connect_timeout <n>"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Connection timeout time"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="Directives (group and/or instance)"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="group {} "/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="List of names of VRRP instances"/>
<ITEXT CH=" "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="notify <p>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="ANY state transition script (sh)"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="notify_master <p>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="to MASTER transition"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="notify_backup <p>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="to MASTER transition"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="notify_fault <p>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="FAULT transition"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="smtp_alert"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Send email on transitions"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="Directives (instance)"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="state <s>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="A declarative only startup state"/>
<ITEXT CH=" "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="priority"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CH="<n>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="The highest priority wins"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="virtual_ipaddress {}"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Uses `ip addr add/del` syntax "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="virtual_router_id"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CH=" <s>"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Arbitary unique number 0..255"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="virtual_routes <s>"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Uses `ip route add/del` syntax "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="advert_int <n>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Interval between adverts "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="preempt_delay <n>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Time before preempting "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="nopreempt"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="See "Failover troubles""/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="garp_master_delay"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CH=" <n>"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="2nd gratuitous ARP timeout"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="Keepalive & VRRP events "/>
<para PARENT="h1"/>
<ITEXT CH="On FAILED, ie. when MASTER stops multicast packets or has priority 0"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="1. Virtual router transitions into an unsteady state "/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="2. Election process starts: BACKUPs start sending multicast packets"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="3.a One BACKUP has highest priority, it becomes MASTER "/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="3.b Two(+) BACKUP have same priority, highest IP becomes MASTER"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="4. New MASTER sends Gratuitous ARP to announce its responsibility"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="On connection of a NEW PHYSICAL router to the LAN"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="1. If NEW has state MASTER, it takes responsibility"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="2. If NEW has a higher priority than MASTER, it takes responsibility"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="3. If NEW has equal priority than MASTER, highest IP takes responsibility"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="4. If NEW has lower priority than MASTER, becomes a BACKUP"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="Blocking MASTER Preemption"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="If you don't want a master to take over when it returns to service (ex:SQL). "/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="Same level of responsibility"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="Make both machines "BACKUP" and give the same priority level."/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="Using the nopreempt flag"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="The flag is set in the configuration of the PHYSICAL expected to be the default MASTER. It will allow a less prioritary BACKUP to stay MASTER."/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="PHYSICAL with state MASTER in config will override "/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" CH="nopreempt"/>
<ITEXT CH="."/>
<para PARENT="notes"/>
<ITEXT CH="Keepalive in debian"/>
<para PARENT="h1"/>
<ITEXT CH="Package"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" CH="keepalived"/>
<ITEXT CH=" "/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CH="Failover and monitoring daemon for LVS clusters"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="Logs"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="/var/log"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="Configuration"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="/usr/share/doc/keepalived/samples/keepalived.conf.vrrp.*"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="Sources"/>
<para PARENT="h1"/>
<ITEXT CH="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5798"/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="http://packetlife.net/blog/2008/sep/15/hsrp-vrrp-glbp-cheat-sheet/"/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrrp"/>
<para/>
<para/>
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<ITEXT CH="VRRP & Keepalived"/>
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<nbspace/>
<nbspace/>
<nbspace/>
<nbspace/>
<nbspace/>
<ITEXT FONT="Georgia Italic" CH="IP Fail over Debian Flavor"/>
<trail PARENT="h1"/>
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<ITEXT CH="VRRP Packets v3 (IPv4 & IPv6 )"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" 0 1 2 3"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" | IPv4 Fields or IPv6 Fields |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" ... ..."/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" | |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" |Version| Type | Virtual Rtr ID| Priority |Count IPvX Addr|"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" |(rsvd) | Max Adver Int | Checksum |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" | |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" + +"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" | IPvX Address(es) |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" + +"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" + +"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" + +"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" + +"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" | |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" + +"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" | |"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT FONTSIZE="5" CH=" +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Version"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="3 "/>
<para PARENT="notes (tight)"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Type"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="1 / ADVERTISEMENT"/>
<para PARENT="notes (tight)"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Virtual Rtr ID "/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Virtual router for this packet "/>
<para PARENT="notes (tight)"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Priority"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Router's priority "/>
<para PARENT="notes (tight)"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Count IPvX AddrS"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Number of addresses in advertisement"/>
<para PARENT="notes (tight)"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Max Advertisment Interval "/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="Max. time between advertisements "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="IPvX Address(es)"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<tab CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" FONTSIZE="6" CH="1+ IP address "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
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<ITEXT CH="VRRP & Keepalived"/>
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<ITEXT FONT="Georgia Italic" CH="IP Fail over Debian Flavor"/>
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<ITEXT CH="What is VRRP"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="The Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol allows redundant (failover) network topologies. Conceived with routers in mind, VRRP handles machines taking responsibility of IP addresses according to a ruleset."/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="PHYSICAL"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH=" Machine member of a Virtual Router "/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="VIRTUAL"/>
<tab CPARENT="notes"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Shared IP pool and responsibility ruleset"/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="MASTER "/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="PHYSICAL responsible now for VIRTUAL "/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="BACKUP"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="PHYSICAL ready to be responsible for VIRTUAL "/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="VRRP uses multicast"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="VRRP uses Multicast addressing at level 2 (MAC) and level 4 (IP) levels."/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="It implies that PHYSICAL are connected to the same LAN."/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="Only MASTER emit messages, BACKUPS are silent by default. "/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="VRRP Priorities"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="Routers have a priority of between 1-255 and the router with the highest priority will become the master. A difference of at least 50 should be established for a PHYSICAL expected to be MASTER by default."/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="0"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Special: When MASTER stops participating"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="100 "/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Default priority for backups "/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="255 "/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Default priority for a master"/>
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<ITEXT CH="Keepalived & VRRP configuration"/>
<para PARENT="h1"/>
<ITEXT CH="Use keepalived VRRP as a failover solution for routers and servers."/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="keepalived.conf"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="global_defs {"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" notification_email {"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" [email protected]"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" }"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" notification_email_from [email protected]"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" smtp_server 192.0.2.1"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" smtp_connect_timeout 30"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="}"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="vrrp_sync_group VG_1 {"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" group {"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" VI_INT_1 "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" VI_EXT_1 "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" }"/>
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<ITEXT CH=" smtp_alert"/>
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<ITEXT CH="}"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="vrrp_instance VI_INT_1 {"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" state MASTER"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" interface eth0"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" virtual_router_id 1"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" priority 150"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" advert_int 5"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" virtual_ipaddress {"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" 192.0.2.23/24 dev eth0 "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH=" }"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="}"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="Main Blocks"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="global_defs {}"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="General parameters"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="static_ipaddress"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CH="{}"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="General static ip addresses"/>
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<ITEXT CH="static_routes {}"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="General static ip routes"/>
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<ITEXT CH="vrrp_sync_group <s> {}"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Single group of instances"/>
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<ITEXT CH="vrrp_instance <s> {}"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Single instance"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="Directives (general)"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="router_id <s>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Unique ID of the instance "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="smtp_server <n>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="IP Address"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="smtp_connect_timeout <n>"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Connection timeout time"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="Directives (group and/or instance)"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="group {} "/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="List of names of VRRP instances"/>
<ITEXT CH=" "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="notify <p>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="ANY state transition script (sh)"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="notify_master <p>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="to MASTER transition"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="notify_backup <p>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="to MASTER transition"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="notify_fault <p>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="FAULT transition"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="smtp_alert"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Send email on transitions"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="Directives (instance)"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="state <s>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="A declarative only startup state"/>
<ITEXT CH=" "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="priority"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CH="<n>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="The highest priority wins"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="virtual_ipaddress {}"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Uses `ip addr add/del` syntax "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="virtual_router_id"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CH=" <s>"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Arbitary unique number 0..255"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="virtual_routes <s>"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Uses `ip route add/del` syntax "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="advert_int <n>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Interval between adverts "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="preempt_delay <n>"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="Time before preempting "/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="nopreempt"/>
<tab/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="See "Failover troubles""/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="garp_master_delay"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CH=" <n>"/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="notes" CH="2nd gratuitous ARP timeout"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="Keepalive & VRRP events "/>
<para PARENT="h1"/>
<ITEXT CH="On FAILED, ie. when MASTER stops multicast packets or has priority 0"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="1. Virtual router transitions into an unsteady state "/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="2. Election process starts: BACKUPs start sending multicast packets"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="3.a One BACKUP has highest priority, it becomes MASTER "/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="3.b Two(+) BACKUP have same priority, highest IP becomes MASTER"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="4. New MASTER sends Gratuitous ARP to announce its responsibility"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="On connection of a NEW PHYSICAL router to the LAN"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="1. If NEW has state MASTER, it takes responsibility"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="2. If NEW has a higher priority than MASTER, it takes responsibility"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="3. If NEW has equal priority than MASTER, highest IP takes responsibility"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="4. If NEW has lower priority than MASTER, becomes a BACKUP"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="Blocking MASTER Preemption"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="If you don't want a master to take over when it returns to service (ex:SQL). "/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="Same level of responsibility"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="Make both machines "BACKUP" and give the same priority level."/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="Using the nopreempt flag"/>
<para PARENT="h3"/>
<ITEXT CH="The flag is set in the configuration of the PHYSICAL expected to be the default MASTER. It will allow a less prioritary BACKUP to stay MASTER."/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="PHYSICAL with state MASTER in config will override "/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" CH="nopreempt"/>
<ITEXT CH="."/>
<para PARENT="notes"/>
<ITEXT CH="Keepalive in debian"/>
<para PARENT="h1"/>
<ITEXT CH="Package"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CPARENT="p.code" CH="keepalived"/>
<ITEXT CH=" "/>
<tab/>
<ITEXT CH="Failover and monitoring daemon for LVS clusters"/>
<para PARENT="Default Paragraph Style"/>
<ITEXT CH="Logs"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="/var/log"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="Configuration"/>
<para PARENT="h2"/>
<ITEXT CH="/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="/usr/share/doc/keepalived/samples/keepalived.conf.vrrp.*"/>
<para PARENT="p.code"/>
<ITEXT CH="Sources"/>
<para PARENT="h1"/>
<ITEXT CH="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5798"/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="http://packetlife.net/blog/2008/sep/15/hsrp-vrrp-glbp-cheat-sheet/"/>
<para/>
<ITEXT CH="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrrp"/>
<para/>
<para/>
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